Carl Lange

Carl Georg Lange (1834 - 1900) was a Danish physician and psychologist. He and William James independently developed the James-Lange theory of emotion, which posits that all emotions are developed from, and can be reduced to, physiological reactions to stimuli. Unlike James, Lange specifically stated that vasomotor changes are emotions. Lange also noted the psychotropic effects of lithium, although his work in this area was forgotten and independently rediscovered much later.

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