Nasopharyngeal carcinoma overview

Overview
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer originating in the nasopharynx, the uppermost region of the pharynx or "throat", where the nasal passages and auditory tubes join the remainder of the upper respiratory tract. NPC differs significantly from other cancers of the head and neck in its occurrence, causes, clinical behavior, and treatment. It is vastly more common in certain regions of East Asia and Africa than elsewhere, with viral, dietary, and genetic factors implicated in its causation.

Classification
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is classified as a malignant neoplasm, or cancer, arising from the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx, most often within the lateral nasopharyngeal recess or fossa of Rosenmüller. There are three microscopic subtypes of NPC: a well-differentiated keratinizing type, a moderately-differentiated nonkeratinizing type, and an undifferentiated type, which typically contains large numbers of non-cancerous lymphocytes (chronic inflammatory cells), thus giving rise to the name lymphoepithelioma. The undifferentiated form is most common, and is most strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection of the cancerous cells.