Sunol Water Temple

The Sunol Water Temple is an unusual structure located at 505 Paloma Way in Sunol, California. Designed by Willis Polk, the 18-meter high classical pavilion is made up of twelve concrete Corinthian columns and a concrete ring girder that supports the conical wood and tile roof. Inside the temple, water from three pipelines dumps into a white tiled cistern before plunging into a deeper water main carrying it through Niles Canyon and across San Francisco Bay near the Dumbarton Bridge. The roof covering the cistern has paintings depicting Indian maidens carrying water vessels.

History
Since the mid-19th century a private company, The Spring Valley Water Company (SVWC), owned much of the Alameda County watershed and had held a monopoly on water service to San Francisco. In 1906, William Bourn, a major stockholder in the SVWC, and owner of the giant Empire gold mine, hired Willis Polk to design a "water temple" atop the spot where three subterranean water mains converge (from the Arroyo de la Laguna and Alameda Creeks, the Sunol infiltration galleries, and a 30 inch pipeline from the artesian well field of Pleasanton). Some sources claim Bourn wanted to sell the water company to the City of San Francisco and saw the temple as a way to appeal to San Francisco voters, who would have to approve the purchase (municipal efforts to buy out the SVWC had been a source of constant controversy from as early as 1873, when the first attempt to purchase it was turned down by the voters because the price was too high). Other sources claim that as one born into wealth and classically educated, Bourn was partially motivated by a sense of civic responsibility.

Polk's design, modeled after the Temple of Vesta in Tivoli, Italy, was constructed in 1910 (Tivoli is where much of the waters that fed Rome converged in the foothills of the Apennines). Prior to the construction to the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct, half of San Francisco's water supply (6 million gallons a day) passed through the Sunol temple. The SVWC, including the temple, was purchased by San Francisco in 1930 for $40 million.

For decades the Water Temple received many visitors and was a popular location for picnickers. By the 1980s the water temple had badly deteriorated, and was severely damaged in 1989's Loma Prieta earthquake, leading some community leaders to call for its demolition. The site was closed to the public due to safety concerns. A community effort lead to the temple's restoration beginning in 1997. Today the restoration, including seismic and accessibility upgrades, is complete and the temple is again open to the public, however any water that now flows through the temple is not part of the potable water supply.

Fields adjacent to the temple belong to the city of San Francisco which has authorized the digging of a gravel quarry on the site. Local residents concerned about the temple's future brought a lawsuit to attempt block the quarry project, but eventually ran out of funds and dropped the suit.

In June 2006, a new facility named the Sunol Water Temple Agricultural Park was opened on a site adjacent to the temple. The park provides space for small businesses and nonprofit groups to grow produce. The park serves a platform for service and educational programs related to sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.

Inscription
"I will make the wilderness a pool of water and the dry lands springs of water [from Isaiah 41:18b]. The streams whereof shall make glad the city [from Psalms 46:4].  S.V.W.C.  MCMX [Spring Valley Water Company 1910]"