Pleurisy (patient information)

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 * Assistant Editor-in-Chief: Alexandra M. Palmer

Overview
Pleurisy is inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest (the pleura) that leads to chest pain (usually sharp) when you take a breath or cough.

What are the symptoms of Pleurisy?
The main symptom of pleurisy is pain in the chest. This pain most likely occurs when you take a deep breath in or out, or cough. Some people feel the pain in the shoulder.

Deep breathing, coughing, and chest movement makes the pain worse.

Pleurisy can cause fluid to collect inside the chest cavity. This can make breathing difficult and may cause the following symptoms:


 * Bluish skin color (cyanosis)


 * Coughing


 * Shortness of breath


 * Rapid breathing (tachypnea)

What causes Pleurisy?
Pleurisy may develop when you have lung inflammation due to infections such as pneumonia or tuberculosis. It is often a sign of a viral infection of the lungs. This inflammation also causes the sharp chest pain of pleurisy.

It may also occur with:
 * Asbestos-related disease
 * Certain cancers
 * Chest trauma
 * Pulmonary embolus
 * Rheumatic diseases

Who is at highest risk?
If you have an underlying lung disease, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis, you are at a higher risk for pleurisy.

When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of pleurisy. If you have breathing difficulty or your skin turns blue, seek immediate  medical care.

Diagnosis
When you have pleurisy, the normally smooth lining of the lung (the  pleura) become rough. They rub together with each breath, and may  produce a rough, grating sound called a  "friction rub." The health care  professional can hear  this sound with the stethoscope,  or by placing an  ear  against the chest.

The health care provider may perform the following tests:


 * CBC


 * Thoracentesis


 * Ultrasound of the chest


 * X-ray of the chest

Treatment options
The health care provider can remove fluid in the lungs by thoracentesis and check it for signs of infection.

Treatment depends on what is causing the pleurisy. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics. Some bacterial infections require a surgical procedure to drain all the infected fluid.

Viral infections normally run their course without medications. Patients often can control the pain of pleurisy with acetaminophen or anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen.

Where to find medical care for Pleurisy?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Pleurisy

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Recovery depends on what is causing the pleurisy.

Possible complications

 * Breathing difficulty
 * Collapsed lung due to thoracentesis
 * Complications from the original illness

Prevention
Early treatment of bacterial respiratory infections can prevent pleurisy.