IQ and Global Inequality

[[Image:National IQ Lynn Vanhanen 2006 IQ and Global Inequality.png|thumb|right|400px|Calculated and estimated national average IQ.

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{{legend|#ABABAB|N/A}} ]] IQ and Global Inequality is a controversial 2006 book by Dr. Richard Lynn, Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, and Dr. Tatu Vanhanen, Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. IQ and Global Inequality is follow-up to their 2002 book IQ and the Wealth of Nations, an expansion of the argument that that international differences in current economic development are due in part to differences in average national intelligence as measured by average national IQ, and a response to critics.

Some of Lynn's research has been funded by the Pioneer Fund. As with Lynn's book Race Differences in Intelligence, the book was not published by an academic publisher but by a private publisher run by an editorial board member of the Occidental Quarterly.

Summary


Chapter 1 summarizes theories of economic growth. Chapter 2 defines and describes intelligence. Chapter 3 argues that the scientific literature indicates that intelligence is a determinant of incomes and related phenomena among individuals within a number of countries. Chapter 4 describes the collection and determination of national IQ, presenting calculated IQs for 113 countries and estimated IQs for an additional 79 countries. This represents all countries with population greater than 40,000. Chapter 5 introduces a new statistic, the quality of human condition index (QHC) and 12 alternative variables that measure human conditions. Chapter 7 focuses on the relationship between national IQ and QHC, which Lynn and Vanhanen report to be strongly correlated. Chapter 8 examines the relationship between national IQ and 12 alternative variables, which Lynn and Vanhanen report are also correlated with national IQ. Chapter 9 discusses the genetic and environmental contributions to differences in national intelligence, and argues that racial composition of the population is a major factor. Chapter 10 considers the causal relationship between national IQ and important variables related to global inequality. Chapter 11 discusses and responds to criticisms made to Lynn and Vanhanen's theory by reviewers. Chapter 12 summarizes the book and discusses policy recommendations.

Quality of human conditions index
[[Image:QHC Lynn Vanhanen 2006 IQ and Global Inequality.png|thumb|right|400px|The quality of human conditions (QHC) index.

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]] The quality of human conditions (QHC) index was computed from five variables. Values of the index range from 10.7 (Burkina Faso) to 89 (Norway). Lynn and Vanhanen write that they would have preferred to include a sixth measure, an indicator of income inequality, but that statistical data for that variable was not available for all countries. They write that the QHC index differs significantly from other widely used indexes (such as the Human Development Index) in that QHC also measures democratization.
 * 1) purchasing power parity Gross National Income (PPP-GNI) per capita 2002
 * 2) adult literacy rate 2002
 * 3) gross tertiary enrollment ratio
 * 4) life expectancy at birth 2002
 * 5) the level of democratization 2002 (Tatu Vanhanen's Index of Democratization)

Other measures of global inequality
The relationship of national IQ to twelve other measures of global inequality were examined.
 * 1) Human Development Index (HDI)
 * 2) Gender-related Development Index (GDI)
 * 3) Economic growth rate (EGR)
 * 4) Gini index of inequality in income or consumption (Gini)
 * 5) Population below $2 a day international poverty line (Poverty)
 * 6) Measures of undernourishment (PUN)
 * 7) Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR)
 * 8) Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)
 * 9) Economic freedom ratings (EFR)
 * 10) the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF)
 * 11) Population pyramids (MU-index)
 * 12) Human happiness and life-satisfaction.

All twelve measures of global inequality are significantly correlated with the QHC index. Eleven of the twelve measures are significantly correlated with national IQ. The measures of human happiness and life satisfaction are not significantly correlated with national IQ.