Advanced Medical Directive

An Advanced Medical Directive is a medical guideline which pertains to treatment preferences, including the designation of a surrogate decision-maker in the event that a patient should become unable to make medical decisions on their own behalf. These generally fall into three categories: living will, power of attorney, and health care proxy.

Living will
This is a written document that specifies what types of medical treatment are desired. A living will can be very specific or very general.

The most common statement in a living will is to the effect that: If I suffer an incurable, irreversible illness, disease, or condition and my attending physician determines that my condition is terminal, I direct that life-sustaining measures that would serve only to prolong my dying be withheld or discontinued.

More specific living wills may include information regarding an individual's desire for such services such as analgesia (pain relief), antibiotics, hydration, feeding, and the use of ventilators or cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Health care proxy
This is a legal document in which an individual designates another person to make health care decisions if he or she is rendered incapable of making their wishes known. The health care proxy has, in essence, the same rights to request or refuse treatment that the individual would have if capable of making and communicating decisions.

Power of attorney
This is the third type of advance directive. Individuals may draft legal documents providing power of attorney to others in the case of incapacitating medical condition. The durable power of attorney allows an individual to make bank transactions, sign Social Security checks, apply for disability, or simply write checks to pay the utility bill while an individual is medically incapacitated.