Hugh Owen Thomas



Hugh Owen Thomas (1834-1891) was a British surgeon. He is considered the father of orthopaedic surgery in Britain.

Early life
Hugh descended from a family that had originally been settled in Anglesey by a shipwreck in 1745, where a family tradition of bone-setting had been established. Evan Thomas — the grandson of the original survivor, and Hugh’s father — had moved to Liverpool at the age of 19, where he set up a successful practice as bone-setter. Evan, however, was not a trained physician, and three times he was taken to court to defend his practice. Although he was never convicted, the constant jealousy and antagonism of the medical community was a great toll on him; at one point his cottage was even burnt down. As a result of this, he decided to send all his five sons to train and qualify as doctors.

Professional Career
Hugh trained first with his uncle, Dr. Owen Roberts at St. Asaph in North Wales for four years, then he studied medicine at Edinburgh and University College, London. He qualified as MRCS in 1857. Returning to Liverpool, he first worked with his father, but incompatible temperaments did not allow this for long, so in 1859 he set up his own practice in the poorer part of town.

Hugh was known as an eccentric and rather temperamental man. A rumour had it that he would attack victims himself, and break their bones, in order to have patients on which to practice. He was short; just over five feet tall, always wore a black coat buttoned all the way up, a patch over one eye, and constantly had a cigarette in his mouth. Among the poor people of Liverpool though, he stood in great esteem. He practiced from his home in No. 11, Nelson Street, where he worked all day from five or six in the morning, and every Sunday he would treat patients for free.

Medical Legacy
His contribution to British orthopaedics was manifold. In the treatment of fractures and tuberculosis he advocated rest, which should be 'enforced, uninterrupted and prolonged'. In order to achieve this he created the so-called 'Thomas Splint', which would stabilise a fractured femur and prevent infection. He is also responsible for numerous other medical innovations that all carry his name: 'Thomas's collar' to treat tuberculosis of the cervical spine, 'Thomas's manoeuvre', an orthopaedic investigation for fracture of the hip joint, 'Thomas's test', a method of detecting hip deformity by having the patient lying flat in bed, 'Thomas's wrench' for reducing fractures, as well as an osteoclast to break and reset bones. His work was never fully appreciated in his own lifetime, but when his nephew, Sir Robert Jones, applied his splint during the First World War, this reduced mortality of compound fractures of the femur from 80% to less than 8% in the period from 1916 to 1918.

Literature

 * Aitken, D. McCrae, Hugh Owen Thomas: His Principles and Practice (London, Oxford university press, 1935)
 * Watson, Frederick, Hugh Owen Thomas: A Personal Study (London, Oxford university press, 1934)
 * Le Vay, Abraham David, The life of Hugh Owen Thomas (Edinburgh, 1956)
 * McMurray, Thomas Porter, The life of Hugh Owen Thomas: Centenary Lecture Delivered at the Liverpool Medical Institution (1935)

Works

 * Diseases of the hip, knee and ankle joints (1876)
 * A review of the past and present treatment of disease in the hip, knee, and ankle joints: With their deformities (1878)
 * The past and present treatment of intestinal obstructions (1879)
 * The treatment of fractures of the lower jaw (1881)
 * Intestinal disease and obstruction (1883)
 * Nerve inhibition and its relation to the practice of medicine (1883)
 * Principles of the treatment of diseased joints (1883)
 * The collegian of 1666 and the collegians of 1885: Or, what is recognised treatment? (1885)
 * The principles of the treatment of fractures and dislocations (1886)
 * Fractures, dislocations, diseases and deformities of the bones of the trunk and upper extremities (1887)
 * A new lithotomy operation (1888)
 * An argument with the censor at St. Luke's Hospital, New York (1889)
 * Fractures, dislocations, deformities and diseases of the lower extremities (1890)
 * Lithotomy (1890)