Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection echocardiography

Associate Editor-In-Chief:; Keri Shafer, M.D. [mailto:kshafer@bidmc.harvard.edu] Priyamvada Singh, MBBS mailto:psingh@perfuse.org

Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. mailto:kfeeney@perfuse.org

Overview
2D echocardiography along with doppler ultrasonography is an useful tool to diagnose total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

Echocardiographic findings
The findings on echocardiography depends on the anotomic variant of TAPVC that is there. The findings that could be seen in echocardiography are-





Common findings with all the types are


 * Lack of pulmonary venous connections with the right atrium.
 * Hypertrophy of the chambers of right side of heart(atrium and ventricle)
 * Right-to-left interatrial connections

Findings found with specific type of connections are as follow-

Supracardiac
 * Common ascending vein
 * Dilated superior vena cava

Infracardiac
 * Common descending vein connected to portal or hepatic vein
 * Dilated inferior vena cava

Cardiac
 * Pulmonary vein connected to coronary sinus or right atrium.