Galantamine (patient information)

Why this medication is prescribed
Galantamine is used to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD; a brain disease that slowly destroys the memory and the ability to think, learn, communicate and handle daily activities). Galantamine is in a class of medications called acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. It works by increasing the amount of a certain natural substance in the brain that is needed for memory and thought. Galantamine may improve the ability to think and remember or slow the loss of these abilities in people who have AD. However, galantamine will not cure AD or prevent the loss of mental abilities at some time in the future.

How this medication should be used
Galantamine comes as a tablet, an extended-release (long-acting) capsule, and a solution (liquid) to take by mouth. The tablets and liquid are usually taken twice a day, preferably with the morning and evening meals. The extended-release capsules are usually taken once a day in the morning. Take galantamine at around the same time(s) every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take galantamine exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. You are less likely to experience side effects of galantamine if you follow the exact dosing schedule prescribed by your doctor.

Galantamine may upset your stomach, especially at the beginning of your treatment. Take galantamine with food and drink 6-8 glasses of water every day. This may decrease the chance that you will have an upset stomach during your treatment.

Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of galantamine and gradually increase your dose, not more often than once every 4 weeks.

Continue to take galantamine even if you feel well. Do not stop taking galantamine without talking to your doctor. If you do stop taking galantamine for a few days or longer, call your doctor before you start to take galantamine again. Your doctor will probably tell you to start with the lowest dose of galantamine and gradually increase your dose to the dose you had been taking.

'''Before you take galantamine oral solution for the first time, read the written instructions that come with it. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to show you how to take the oral solution. To take the oral solution, follow these steps:'''


 * 1) Open the child-proof cap by pushing the cap down while turning it to the left. Remove the cap.
 * 2) Pull the pipette (the tube that you use to measure the dose of galantamine) out of its case.
 * 3) Place the pipette fully into the bottle of galantamine.
 * 4) While holding the bottom ring of the pipette, pull the pipette plunger up to the marking that shows the dose your doctor prescribed.
 * 5) Hold the bottom ring of the pipette and remove the pipette from the bottle. Be careful not to push the plunger in.
 * 6) Prepare 3-4 ounces (about 1/2 cup) of any non-alcoholic drink. Empty all the medicine from the pipette into the drink by pushing the plunger all the way in.
 * 7) Stir the drink well.
 * 8) Drink all of the mixture right away.
 * 9) Put the plastic cap back on the bottle of galantamine and turn the cap to the right to close the bottle.
 * 10) Rinse the empty pipette by putting its open end into a glass of water, pulling the plunger out, and pushing the plunger in to remove the water.

Other uses for this medicine
This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

Special precautions
Before taking galantamine:


 * tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to galantamine, any other medications, or any of the inactive ingredients in galantamine tablets, solution, or extended-release capsules. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the inactive ingredients.
 * tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Be sure to mention any of the following: ambenonium chloride (Mytelase); amitriptyline (Elavil); anticholinergic medications such as atropine (Atropen, Sal-Tropine), belladonna (in Donnatal, Bellamine, Bel-Tabs, others); benztropine (Cogentin), biperiden (Akineton); clidinium (in Librax), dicyclomine (Bentyl), glycopyrrolate (Robinul), hyoscyamine (Cytospaz-M, Levbid, Levsin), ipratropium (Atrovent, in Combivent), oxybutynin (Ditropan), procyclidine (Kemadrin), propantheline (Pro-Banthine), scopolamine (Scopace, Transderm-Scop), tiotropium (Spiriva), tolterodine (Detrol), and trihexyphenidyl;certain antifungals such as fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), and voriconazole (Vfend);aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn); bethanechol (Urecholine);cevimeline (Evoxac); cimetidine (Tagamet); clarithromycin (Biaxin, in Prevpac);digoxin (Lanoxin); fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem); fluvoxamine (Luvox); heart medications; nefazodone; neostigmine (Prostigmin); other medications for Alzheimer's disease; medications for human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); medications for high blood pressure; paroxetine (Paxil); pyridostigmine (Mestinon); and quinidine (Quinidex). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
 * tell your doctor if you have or have ever had asthma or any other lung disease; an enlarged prostate; ulcers; seizures; irregular heartbeat;or heart, kidney, or liver disease.
 * tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking galantamine, call your doctor.
 * if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are taking galantamine.
 * you should know that galantamine may make you drowsy. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
 * remember that alcohol can add to the drowsiness caused by this medication.

Special dietary instructions
Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, continue your normal diet.

What to do if you forget a dose
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Minor side effects
Galantamine may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:


 * upset stomach
 * vomiting
 * diarrhea
 * loss of appetite
 * stomach pain
 * heartburn
 * weight loss
 * extreme tiredness
 * dizziness
 * pale skin
 * headache
 * shaking of a part of your body that you cannot control
 * depression
 * difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
 * runny nose

Severe side effects
Some side effects can be serious. The following symptoms are uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your doctor immediately:


 * difficulty urinating
 * blood in the urine
 * pain or burning while urinating
 * seizures
 * slowed heartbeat
 * fainting
 * shortness of breath
 * black and tarry stools
 * red blood in the stools
 * bloody vomit
 * vomiting material that looks like coffee grounds

Galantamine may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while taking this medication.

If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online [at http://www.fda.gov/MedWatch/report.htm] or by phone [1-800-332-1088].

Storage conditions needed for this medication
Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Do not freeze. Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.

In case of emergency/overdose
In case of overdose, call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. If the victim has collapsed or is not breathing, call local emergency services at 911.

Symptoms of overdose may include:


 * muscle weakness or twitching
 * upset stomach
 * vomiting
 * stomach cramps
 * drooling
 * teary eyes
 * increased urination
 * need to have a bowel movement
 * sweating
 * slowed, fast, or irregular heartbeat
 * lightheadedness
 * dizziness
 * fainting
 * slowed breathing
 * collapse
 * loss of conciousness
 * seizures
 * dry mouth
 * chest pain
 * hallucinations (seeing things or hearing voices that do not exist)

Other information
Keep all appointments with your doctor.

Do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription.

Brand names

 * Razadyne®(formerly available as Reminyl®)
 * Razadyne ®ER