Diabetes mellitus type 2 dietary management


 * Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org];

Overview
International guidelines recommend a dietary modification, increased physical activity and weight reduction for the better control of type 2 diabetes

==American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists - General Nutrition Recommendations (DO NOT EDIT) == Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

1) Weight control and a controlled-energy diet are essential components of diabetes mellitus management to lower glucose levels and to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk is lowest when the body mass index is less than 25 kg/m2.

2) Physical activity of 30 to 90 minutes per day lowers glucose levels and assists with weight loss or weight maintenance.

3) Salt restriction to less than 1.5 g/d, in association with increased intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, is helpful in managing hypertension.

4) If patients choose to consume alcohol, intake should be limited to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men.

5) Dietary modification to achieve target ranges for glucose, lipids, and blood pressure is a tertiary preventive strategy for the complications of diabetes mellitus. ==American Diabetes Association - General Nutrition Recommendations (DO NOT EDIT) == Nutrition Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes


 * Individuals with type 2 diabetes are encouraged to implement lifestyle modifications that reduce intakes of energy, saturated and trans fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium and to increase physical activity in an effort to improve glycemia, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure. (E)
 * Plasma glucose monitoring can be used to determine whether adjustments in foods and meals will be sufficient to achieve blood glucose goals or if medication(s) needs to be combined with MNT. (E)