Mitral Regurgitation Mechanisms

Mechanisms of Mitral Regurgitation
The mitral valve is composed of the valve leaflets, the mitral valve annulus (which forms a ring around the valve leaflets), the papillary muscles (which tether the valve leaflets to the left ventricle, preventing them from prolapsing into the left atrium), and the chordae tendineae (which connect the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles).

A dysfunction of the mitral valve apparatus due to the following reasons can cause mitral regurgitation.
 * Anterior Leaflet Prolapse
 * Posterior Leaflet Prolapse
 * Bileaflet Prolapse
 * Restricted Leaflets
 * Apical Tethering
 * Papillary muscle rupture
 * Ischemic Papillary Rupture
 * Leaflet Perforation