Hiraga Gennai

Hiraga Gennai (平賀 源内) (1729–79, or Kyōhō 13–Anei 13) is an Edo period Japanese pharmacologist, student of Western studies, physician, author, painter and inventor who is well known for his Erekiteru, Kandankei and Kakannpu. He also wrote the satirical essay "On Farting."

Born into a low-ranking samurai family, his father was Shiraishi Mozaemon (Yoshifusa), his mother was from the Yamashita clan, and he had many siblings. His real name was Kunitomo (国倫), but he also went by the pen names Kyūkei (鳩渓), Fūrai Yamato (風来山人) and Fukuuchi Kigai (福内鬼外). He is most well known by the name "Gennai," however.

He first studied medicinal herbs in Osaka, with Toda Kyokuzan, before moving to Edo in 1757. There, he studied with Tamura Ransui, and wrote a number of books, some on scientific or nature topics, some satirical novels, in the kokkeibon genre. In his scientific experiments, he prospected for various ores, weaved asbestos, calculated temperatures, and worked with static electricity. Gennai also studied Western painting and ceramics techniques, and produced a number of works in that vein.

Interested in ores, he tried unsuccessfully a number of times to have new mines opened. On one occasion, frustrated and enraged at the repeated lack of support from the citizens of the area, he killed one of his disciples in a fit of rage. Arrested and sent to prison, he died there in 1779.

Appearances in fiction

 * In the anime Oh! Edo Rocket episode 10 it is revealed that the retired resident is Gennai.


 * Gennai makes an appearance in the anime Read or Die, along with many other historical and legendary figures. In Read Or Die, Gennai uses his elekiter as a very high powered destructive weapon that he uses to destroy the White House and eradicate an entire fleet of combat helicopters.


 * He is also referenced in Mai-HiME.


 * In the anime Flint the Time Detective, he makes an appearance with the Time Shifter Elecky as he uses it to make giant robots.


 * In the Squaresoft game Live-A-Live, there is a mechanic named Gennai who is responsible for the creation of mechanical traps in the Bakumatsu Chapter. Since the setting of the chapter is the Bakumatsu era, his presence is an anachronism, but considering the additional presence of Ishikawa Goemon, Yodo-Dono, and Shiro Tokisada Amakusa, it is clear that this section of the game was intentionally designed as a mash-up of popular Japanese history.


 * In the 30th episode of "Demashita! Powerpuff Girls Z" (ガールズとカレ! - Girls and Him!), a character by the name of Hiraga Kennai is responsible for the creation of a primitive form of Chemical Z and the Ōedo Chakichaki Musume. He also uses an elekiter to separate Him's soul (the black light) from his body.

平賀源内