Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia

Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia (PKND) is an episodic movement disorder first described by Mount and Reback in 1940 under the name "Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis".

Symptoms
The condition manifests itself as attacks lasting from a few minutes to several hours. Sufferers can have multiple attacks on a daily basis or may have periods of weeks or months between attacks. Symptoms experienced during attacks can vary and include dystonic, choreic, athetoid, ballistic, or a combination. During attacks the sufferer remains conscious.

Alternate names
The condition can and has been referred to by a number of different names since it was first described including the following:-


 * Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
 * PNKD
 * Paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis
 * PDC
 * Nonkinesigenic choreoathetosis
 * Mount-Reback syndrome
 * Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis
 * Choreoathetosis familial paroxysmal
 * FPD1
 * DYT8
 * Dystonia 8