Ameloblast

Overview
Ameloblasts are cells that deposit enamel, the hard outer most layer that forms the chewing surface.

Ameloblasts are cells which secrete the enamel proteins enamelin and amelogen which will later mineralise to form enamel on teeth, the strongest substance in the human body. Each Ameloblast is approximately 4 micrometers in diameter, 40 micrometers in length and has a hexagonal cross section. The secretory end of the ameloblast ends in a six sided pyramid like projection known as the Tomes' process. The angulation of the Tomes' process is significant in the orientation of enamel rods.

Ameloblasts are derived from oral epithelium tissue of ectodermal origin. Their differentiation is a result of signalling from the ectomesenchymal cells of the dental papilla. The ameloblasts will only become fully functional after the first layer of dentine has been formed, as such dentine is a precursor to enamel.

Ameloblasts control ionic and organic compositions of enamel. They adjust their secretory and re absorptive activities to maintain favorable conditions for biomineralization.