Continuous passive motion



Continuous passive motion (CPM) is a treatment method designed to aid in the recovery of joints after surgery. CPM is carried out by a CPM device, which constantly moves the joint through a small range of motion, the exact range is dependent upon the joint, but in most cases the range of motion is increased over time.

CPM is used following various types of joint surgery such as knee replacement and ACL reconstruction. Its mechanisms of action for aiding joint recovery are dependent upon what surgery is performed. One mechanism is the movement of synovial fluid to allow for better diffusion of nutrients into damaged cartilage (which would be unimportant in the event of joint replacement), and diffusion of other materials out; such as blood and metabolic waste products. Another mechanism is the prevention of fibrous scar tissue formation in the joint, which tends to decrease the range of motion for a joint. The concept was created by Robert B. Salter M.D in 1970 and, along with help from engineer John Saringer, a device was created in 1978.

CPM Following Knee Arthroplasty
There is controversy concerning the effectiveness of CPM following Knee Arthroplasty. Some studies support knee arthroplasty, while others show little or no effect when compared with placebo. One assessment of multiple studies indicates that CPM following knee arthroplasty gives a total benefit of 0.69 days less in the hospital and 4 more degrees of motion (only at 2 weeks of follow-up) than physical therapy alone. This assessment further suggested that consideration must also be given to patient convenience and CPM cost.