E number

E numbers are number codes for food additives and are usually found on food labels throughout the European Union. The numbering scheme follows that of the International Numbering System (INS) as determined by the Codex Alimentarius committee. Only a subset of the INS additives are approved for use in the European Union, the 'E' prefix which stands for Europe. In casual language in the UK and Ireland, the term "E-number" is used as a pejorative term for artificial food additives, and products may promote themselves as "free of E-numbers" even though some of the ingredients (e.g. bicarbonate of soda) do have such a code.

E numbers are also encountered on food labeling in other jurisdictions, including the GCC, Australia, New Zealand and Israel. They are increasingly (though still rarely) found on North American packaging, especially in Canada.

Classification by numeric range
NB: Not all examples of a class fall into the given numeric range. Moreover, many chemicals, particularly in the E400–499 range, have a variety of purposes.

E100–E199 (colours)

 * E100 Curcumin, turmeric (food colouring)
 * E101 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), formerly called lactoflavin (Vitamin G) (food colouring)
 * E101a Crushed Ants-like that of in smarties
 * E102 Tartrazine (FD&C Yellow 5) (food colouring)
 * E103 Chrysoine resorcinol (food colouring)
 * E104 Quinoline yellow (food colouring)
 * E105 Fast Yellow AB (food colouring)
 * E106 Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate (food colouring)
 * E107 Yellow 2G (food colouring)
 * E110 Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6 (food colouring)
 * E111 Orange GGN (food colouring)
 * E120 Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines, Natural Red 4 (food colouring)
 * E121 Orcein, Orchil (food colouring)
 * E122 Carmoisine, Azorubine (food colouring)
 * E123 Amaranth (FD&C Red 2) (food colouring)
 * E124 Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A, Brilliant Scarlet 4R (food colouring)
 * E125 Ponceau SX, Scarlet GN (food colouring)
 * E126 Ponceau 6R (food colouring)
 * E127 Erythrosine (FD&C Red 3) (food colouring)
 * E128 Red 2G (food colouring)
 * E129 Allura Red AC (FD&C Red 40) (food colouring)
 * E130 Indanthrene blue RS (food colouring)
 * E131 Patent Blue V (food colouring)
 * E132 Indigo carmine, Indigotine, FD&C Blue 2 (food colouring)
 * E133 Brilliant Blue FCF (FD&C Blue 1) (food colouring)
 * E140 Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins: (i) Chlorophylls (ii) Chlorophyllins (food colouring)
 * E141 Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins (i) Copper complexes of chlorophylls (ii) Copper complexes of chlorophyllins (food colouring)
 * E142 Greens S (food colouring)
 * E143 Fast Green FCF (FD&C Green 3) (food colouring)
 * E150a Plain Caramel (food colouring)
 * E150b Caustic sulfite caramel (food colouring)
 * E150c Ammonia caramel (food colouring)
 * E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel (food colouring)
 * E151 Black PN, Brilliant Black BN (food colouring)
 * E152 Black 7984 (food colouring)
 * E153 Carbon black, Vegetable carbon (food colouring)
 * E154 Brown FK, Kipper Brown (food colouring)
 * E155 Brown HT, Chocolate brown HT (food colouring)
 * E160a Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, Gamma-carotene (food colouring)
 * E160b Annatto, bixin, norbixin (food colouring)
 * E160c Paprika extract, Capsanthin, capsorubin (food colouring)
 * E160d Lycopene (food colouring)
 * E160e Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) (food colouring)
 * E160f Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid (C 30) (food colouring)
 * E161a Flavoxanthin (food colouring)
 * E161b Lutein (food colouring)
 * E161c Cryptoxanthin (food colouring)
 * E161d Rubixanthin (food colouring)
 * E161e Violaxanthin (food colouring)
 * E161f Rhodoxanthin (food colouring)
 * E161g Canthaxanthin (food colouring)
 * E161h Zeaxanthin (food colouring)
 * E161i Citranaxanthin (food colouring)
 * E161j Astaxanthin (food colouring)
 * E162 Beetroot Red, Betanin (food colouring)
 * E163 Anthocyanins (food colouring)
 * E170 Calcium carbonate, Chalk (food colouring)
 * E171 Titanium dioxide (food colouring)
 * E172 Iron oxides and hydroxides (food colouring)
 * E173 Aluminium (food colouring)
 * E174 Silver (food colouring)
 * E175 Gold (food colouring)
 * E180 Pigment Rubine, Lithol Rubine BK (food colouring)
 * E181 Tannin (food colouring)

E200–E299 (preservatives)

 * E200 Sorbic acid (preservative)
 * E201 Sodium sorbate (preservative)
 * E202 Potassium sorbate (preservative)
 * E203 Calcium sorbate (preservative)
 * E210 Benzoic acid (preservative)
 * E211 Sodium benzoate (preservative)
 * E212 Potassium benzoate (preservative)
 * E213 Calcium benzoate (preservative)
 * E214 Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) (preservative)
 * E215 Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate (preservative)
 * E216 Propylparaben (propyl para-hydroxybenzoate) (preservative)
 * E217 Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate (preservative)
 * E218 Methylparaben (methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) (preservative)
 * E219 Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate (preservative)
 * E220 Sulphur dioxide (preservative)
 * E221 Sodium sulphite (preservative)
 * E222 Sodium bisulphite (sodium hydrogen sulphite) (preservative)
 * E223 Sodium metabisulphite (preservative)
 * E224 Potassium metabisulphite (preservative)
 * E225 Potassium sulphite (preservative)
 * E226 Calcium sulphite (preservative)
 * E227 Calcium hydrogen sulphite (preservative) (firming agent)
 * E228 Potassium hydrogen sulphite (preservative)
 * E230 Biphenyl, diphenyl (preservative)
 * E231 Orthophenyl phenol (preservative)
 * E232 Sodium orthophenyl phenol (preservative)
 * E233 Thiabendazole (preservative)
 * E234 Nisin (preservative)
 * E235 Natamycin, Pimaracin (preservative)
 * E236 Formic acid (preservative)
 * E237 Sodium formate (preservative)
 * E238 Calcium formate (preservative)
 * E239 Hexamine (hexamethylene tetramine) (preservative)
 * E240 Formaldehyde (preservative)
 * E242 Dimethyl dicarbonate (preservative)
 * E249 Potassium nitrite (preservative)
 * E250 Sodium nitrite (preservative)
 * E251 Sodium nitrate (preservative)
 * E252 Potassium nitrate (Saltpetre) (preservative)
 * E260 Acetic acid (preservative) (acidity regulator)
 * E261 Potassium acetate (preservative) (acidity regulator)
 * E262 Sodium acetates (i) Sodium acetate (ii) Sodium hydrogen acetate (sodium diacetate) (preservative) (acidity regulator)
 * E263 Calcium acetate (preservative) (acidity regulator)
 * E264 Ammonium acetate (preservative)
 * E270 Lactic acid (preservative) (acid) (antioxidant)
 * E280 Propionic acid (preservative)
 * E281 Sodium propionate (preservative)
 * E282 Calcium propionate (preservative)
 * E283 Potassium propionate (preservative)
 * E284 Boric acid (preservative)
 * E285 Sodium tetraborate (borax) (preservative)
 * E290 Carbon dioxide (acidity regulator)
 * E296 Malic acid (acid) (acidity regulator)
 * E297 Fumaric acid (acidity regulator)

E300–E399 (antioxidants, acidity regulators)

 * E300 Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) (antioxidant)
 * E301 Sodium ascorbate (antioxidant)
 * E302 Calcium ascorbate (antioxidant)
 * E303 Potassium ascorbate (antioxidant)
 * E304 Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid (i) Ascorbyl palmitate (ii) Ascorbyl stearate (antioxidant)
 * E306 Tocopherol-rich extract (natural) (antioxidant)
 * E307 Alpha-tocopherol (synthetic) (antioxidant)
 * E308 Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic) (antioxidant)
 * E309 Delta-tocopherol (synthetic) (antioxidant)
 * E310 Propyl gallate (antioxidant)
 * E311 Octyl gallate (antioxidant)
 * E312 Dodecyl gallate (antioxidant)
 * E315 Erythorbic acid (antioxidant)
 * E316 Sodium erythorbate (antioxidant)
 * E317 Erythorbin acid (antioxidant)
 * E318 Sodium erythorbin (antioxidant)
 * E319 tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) (antioxidant)
 * E320 Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (antioxidant)
 * E321 Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (antioxidant)
 * E322 Lecithin (emulsifier)
 * E325 Sodium lactate (antioxidant)
 * E326 Potassium lactate (antioxidant) (acidity regulator)
 * E327 Calcium lactate (antioxidant)
 * E329 Magnesium lactate (antioxidant)
 * E330 Citric acid (antioxidant) (acidity regulator)
 * E331 Sodium citrates (i) Monosodium citrate (ii) Disodium citrate (iii) Sodium citrate (trisodium citrate) (antioxidant)
 * E332 Potassium citrates (i) Monopotassium citrate (ii) Potassium citrate (tripotassium citrate) (antioxidant)
 * E333 Calcium citrates (i) Monocalcium citrate (ii) Dicalcium citrate (iii) Calcium citrate (tricalcium citrate) (acidity regulator) (firming agent) (sequestrant)
 * E334 Tartaric acid (L(+)-) (acid) (antioxidant)
 * E335 Sodium tartrates (i) Monosodium tartrate (ii), Disodium tartrate (antioxidant)
 * E336 Potassium tartrates (i) Monopotassium tartrate (cream of tartar) (ii) Dipotassium tartrate (antioxidant)
 * E337 Sodium potassium tartrate (antioxidant)
 * E338 Phosphoric acid (antioxidant)
 * E339 Sodium phosphates (i) Monosodium phosphate (ii) Disodium phosphate (iii) Trisodium phosphate (antioxidant)
 * E340 Potassium phosphates (i) Monopotassium phosphate (ii) Dipotassium phosphate (iii) Tripotassium phosphate (antioxidant)
 * E341 Calcium phosphates (i) Monocalcium phosphate (ii) Dicalcium phosphate (iii) Tricalcium phosphate (anti-caking agent) (firming agent)
 * E343 Magnesium phosphates (i) monomagnesium phosphate (ii) Dimagnesium phosphate (anti-caking agent) (Note - this additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives)
 * E350 Sodium malates (i) Sodium malate (ii) Sodium hydrogen malate (acidity regulator)
 * E351 Potassium malate (acidity regulator)
 * E352 Calcium malates (i) Calcium malate (ii) Calcium hydrogen malate (acidity regulator)
 * E353 Metatartaric acid (emulsifier)
 * E354 Calcium tartrate (emulsifier)
 * E355 Adipic acid (acidity regulator)
 * E356 Sodium adipate (acidity regulator)
 * E357 Potassium adipate (acidity regulator)
 * E363 Succinic acid (acidity regulator)
 * E365 Sodium fumarate (acidity regulator)
 * E366 Potassium fumarate (acidity regulator)
 * E367 Calcium fumarate (acidity regulator)
 * E370 1,4-Heptonolactone (acidity regulator)
 * E375 Niacin (nicotinic acid), Nicotinamide (colour retention agent)
 * E380 Triammonium citrate (acidity regulator)
 * E381 Ammoniumferrocitrate (acidity regulator)
 * E385 Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate, (Calcium disodium EDTA) (sequestrant)

E400–E499 (thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers)

 * E400 Alginic acid (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) (emulsifier)
 * E401 Sodium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) (emulsifier)
 * E402 Potassium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) (emulsifier)
 * E403 Ammonium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (emulsifier)
 * E404 Calcium alginate (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) (emulsifier)
 * E405 Propane-1,2-diol alginate (Propylene glycol alginate) (thickener) (stabiliser) (emulsifier)
 * E406 Agar (thickener) (gelling agent) (stabiliser)
 * E407 Carrageenan (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) (emulsifier)
 * E407a Processed eucheuma seaweed (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) (emulsifier)
 * E410 Locust bean gum (Carob gum) (thickener) (stabiliser) (gelling agent) (emulsifier)
 * E412 Guar gum (thickener) (stabiliser)
 * E413 Tragacanth (thickener) (stabiliser) (emulsifier)
 * E414 Acacia gum (gum arabic) (thickener) (stabiliser) (emulsifier)
 * E415 Xanthan gum (thickener) (stabiliser)
 * E416 Karaya gum (thickener) (stabiliser) (emulsifier)
 * E417 Tara gum (thickener) (stabiliser)
 * E418 Gellan gum (thickener) (stabiliser) (emulsifier)
 * E420 Sorbitol (i) Sorbitol (ii) Sorbitol syrup (emulsifier) (sweetener) (humectant)
 * E421 Mannitol (anti-caking agent) (sweetener)
 * E422 Glycerol (emulsifier) (sweetener)
 * E425 Konjac (i) Konjac gum (ii) Konjac glucomannane (emulsifier)
 * E430 Polyoxyethene (8) stearate (emulsifier) (stabiliser)
 * E431 Polyoxyethene (40) stearate (emulsifier)
 * E432 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20) (emulsifier)
 * E433 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80) (emulsifier)
 * E434 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40) (emulsifier)
 * E435 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60) (emulsifier)
 * E436 Polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate 65) (emulsifier)
 * E440 Pectins (i) pectin (ii) amidated pectin (emulsifier)
 * E441 Gelatine (emulsifier) (gelling agent)
 * E442 Ammonium phosphatides (emulsifier)
 * E444 Sucrose acetate isobutyrate (emulsifier)
 * E445 Glycerol esters of wood rosins (emulsifier)
 * E450 Diphosphates (i) Disodium diphosphate (ii) Trisodium diphosphate (iii) Tetrasodium diphosphate (iv) Dipotassium diphosphate (v) Tetrapotassium diphosphate (vi) Dicalcium diphosphate (vii) Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate (emulsifier)
 * E451 Triphosphates (i) Sodium tripolyphosphate (pentasodium triphosphate) (ii) Pentapotassium triphosphate (emulsifier)
 * E452 Polyphosphates (i) Sodium polyphosphates (ii) Potassium polyphosphates (iii) Sodium calcium polyphosphate (iv) Calcium polyphophates (emulsifier)
 * E459 Beta-cyclodextrine (emulsifier)
 * E460 Cellulose (i) Microcrystalline cellulose (ii) Powdered cellulose (emulsifier)
 * E461 Methyl cellulose (emulsifier)
 * E462 Ethyl cellulose (emulsifier)
 * E463 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (emulsifier)
 * E464 Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (emulsifier)
 * E465 Ethyl methyl cellulose (emulsifier)
 * E466 Carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (emulsifier)
 * E468 Crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (emulsifier) (Note - this additive is under discussion and may be included in a future amendment to the Directive on miscellaneous additives)
 * E469 Enzymically hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose (emulsifier)
 * E470a Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier) (anti-caking agent)
 * E470b Magnesium salts of fatty acids (emulsifier) (anti-caking agent)
 * E471 Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate) (emulsifier)
 * E472a Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (emulsifier)
 * E472b Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (emulsifier)
 * E472c Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (emulsifier)
 * E472d Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (emulsifier)
 * E472e Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (emulsifier)
 * E472f Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (emulsifier)
 * E473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids (emulsifier)
 * E474 Sucroglycerides (emulsifier)
 * E475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (emulsifier)
 * E476 Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (emulsifier)
 * E477 Propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids (emulsifier)
 * E478 Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propane-1 (emulsifier)
 * E479b Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (emulsifier)
 * E481 Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (emulsifier)
 * E482 Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate (emulsifier)
 * E483 Stearyl tartrate (emulsifier)
 * E491 Sorbitan monostearate (emulsifier)
 * E492 Sorbitan tristearate (emulsifier)
 * E493 Sorbitan monolaurate (emulsifier)
 * E494 Sorbitan monooleate (emulsifier)
 * E495 Sorbitan monopalmitate (emulsifier)

E500–E599 (acidity regulators, anti-caking agents)

 * E500 Sodium carbonates (i) Sodium carbonate (ii) Sodium bicarbonate (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) (iii) Sodium sesquicarbonate (acidity regulator) (raising agent)
 * E501 Potassium carbonates (i) Potassium carbonate (ii) Potassium bicarbonate (Potassium hydrogen carbonate) (acidity regulator)
 * E503 Ammonium carbonates (i) Ammonium carbonate (ii) Ammonium bicarbonate (Ammonium hydrogen carbonate) (acidity regulator)
 * E504 Magnesium carbonates (i) Magnesium carbonate (ii) Magnesium bicarbonate (Magnesium hydrogen carbonate) (acidity regulator) (anti-caking agent)
 * E507 Hydrochloric acid (acid)
 * E508 Potassium chloride (gelling agent) (seasoning)
 * E509 Calcium chloride (sequestrant) (firming agent)
 * E510 Ammonium chloride, ammonia solution (acidity regulator) (improving agent)
 * E511 Magnesium chloride (firming agent)
 * E512 Stannous chloride (antioxidant)
 * E513 Sulphuric acid (acid)
 * E517 Ammonium sulphate (improving agent)
 * E518 Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), (acidity regulator) (firming agent)
 * E519 Copper(II) sulphate (preservative)
 * E520 Aluminium sulphate (firming agent)
 * E521 Aluminium sodium sulphate (firming agent)
 * E522 Aluminium potassium sulphate (acidity regulator)
 * E523 Aluminium ammonium sulphate (acidity regulator)
 * E524 Sodium hydroxide (acidity regulator)
 * E525 Potassium hydroxide (acidity regulator)
 * E526 Calcium hydroxide (acidity regulator) (firming agent)
 * E527 Ammonium hydroxide (acidity regulator)
 * E528 Magnesium hydroxide (acidity regulator)
 * E529 Calcium oxide (acidity regulator) (improving agent)
 * E530 Magnesium oxide (acidity regulator) (anti-caking agent)
 * E535 Sodium ferrocyanide (acidity regulator) (anti-caking agent)
 * E536 Potassium ferrocyanide (anti-caking agent)
 * E538 Calcium ferrocyanide (anti-caking agent)
 * E540 Dicalcium diphosphate (acidity regulator) (emulsifier)
 * E541 Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic (emulsifier)
 * E542 Bone phosphate (anti-caking agent)
 * E543 Calcium sodium polyphosphate
 * E544 Calcium polyphosphate (emulsifier)
 * E545 Ammonium polyphosphate (emulsifier)
 * E550 Sodium silicate (anti-caking agent)
 * E551 Silicon dioxide (Silica) (emulsifier) (anti-caking agent)
 * E552 Calcium silicate (anti-caking agent)
 * E553a (i) Magnesium silicate (ii) Magnesium trisilicate (anti-caking agent)
 * E553b Talc (anti-caking agent)
 * E554 Sodium aluminosilicate (sodium aluminium silicate) (anti-caking agent)
 * E555 Potassium aluminium silicate (anti-caking agent)
 * E556 Calcium aluminosilicate (calcium aluminium silicate) (anti-caking agent)
 * E558 Bentonite (anti-caking agent)
 * E559 Aluminium silicate (Kaolin) (anti-caking agent)
 * E560 Potassium silicate (anti-caking agent)
 * E570 Stearic acid (Fatty acid) (anti-caking agent)
 * E572 Magnesium stearate, calcium stearate (emulsifier) (anti-caking agent)
 * E574 Gluconic acid (acidity regulator)
 * E575 Glucono-delta-lactone (acidity regulator) (sequestrant)
 * E576 Sodium gluconate (sequestrant)
 * E577 Potassium gluconate (sequestrant)
 * E578 Calcium gluconate (firming agent)
 * E579 Ferrous gluconate (food colouring)
 * E585 Ferrous lactate (food colouring)

E600–E699 (flavour enhancers)

 * E620 Glutamic acid (flavour enhancer)
 * E621 Monosodium glutamate (MSG) (flavour enhancer)
 * E622 Monopotassium glutamate (flavour enhancer)
 * E623 Calcium diglutamate (flavour enhancer)
 * E624 Monoammonium glutamate (flavour enhancer)
 * E625 Magnesium diglutamate (flavour enhancer)
 * E626 Guanylic acid (flavour enhancer)
 * E627 Disodium guanylate, sodium guanylate (flavour enhancer)
 * E628 Dipotassium guanylate (flavour enhancer)
 * E629 Calcium guanylate (flavour enhancer)
 * E630 Inosinic acid (flavour enhancer)
 * E631 Disodium inosinate (flavour enhancer)
 * E632 Dipotassium inosinate (flavour enhancer)
 * E633 Calcium inosinate (flavour enhancer)
 * E634 Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides (flavour enhancer)
 * E635 Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides (flavour enhancer)
 * E636 Maltol (flavour enhancer)
 * E637 Ethyl maltol (flavour enhancer)
 * E640 Glycine and its sodium salt (flavour enhancer)

E900–E999 (miscellaneous)

 * E900 Dimethyl polysiloxane (anti-foaming agent) (anti-caking agent)
 * E901 Beeswax, white and yellow (glazing agent)
 * E902 Candelilla wax (glazing agent)
 * E903 Carnauba wax (glazing agent)
 * E904 Shellac (glazing agent)
 * E905 Paraffins
 * E905a Mineral oil (anti-foaming agent)
 * E905b Petrolatum
 * E905c Microcrystalline wax (glazing agent)
 * E906 Gum benzoic (flavour enhancer)
 * E907 Crystalline wax (glazing agent)
 * E908 Rice bran wax (glazing agent)
 * E910 L-cysteine
 * E912 Montan wax
 * E913 Lanolin, sheep wool grease (glazing agent)
 * E914 Oxidized polyethylene wax (glazing agent)
 * E915 Esters of colophony (glazing agent)
 * E920 L-cysteine (improving agent)
 * E921 L-cystine (improving agent)
 * E922 Potassium persulfate (improving agent)
 * E923 Ammonium persulfate (improving agent)
 * E924 Potassium bromate (improving agent)
 * E925 Chlorine (preservative) (bleach) (improving agent)
 * E926 Chlorine dioxide (preservative) (bleach)
 * E927 Azodicarbonamide (improving agent)
 * E927b Carbamide (improving agent)
 * E928 Benzoyl peroxide (improving agent) (bleach)
 * E930 Calcium peroxide (improving agent) (bleach)
 * E938 Argon (packaging gas)
 * E939 Helium (packaging gas)
 * E940 dichlorodifluoromethane (packaging gas) (rarely used)
 * E941 Nitrogen (packaging gas) (propellant)
 * E942 Nitrous oxide (propellant)
 * E943a Butane (propellant)
 * E943b Isobutane (propellant)
 * E944 Propane (propellant)
 * E948 Oxygen (packaging gas)
 * E949 Hydrogen (packaging gas)
 * E950 Acesulfame potassium (sweetener)
 * E951 Aspartame (sweetener)
 * E952 Cyclamic acid and its sodium and calcium salts, also known as Cyclamate (sweetener)
 * E953 Isomalt (sweetener)
 * E954 Saccharin and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts (sweetener)
 * E955 Sucralose (sweetener)
 * E956 Alitame (sweetener)
 * E957 Thaumatin (sweetener) (flavour enhancer)
 * E959 Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone (sweetener) (flavour enhancer)
 * E962 Aspartame-acesulfame salt (sweetener) (stabiliser)
 * E965 Maltitol (i) Maltitol (ii) Maltitol syrup (sweetener) (stabiliser) (humectant)
 * E966 Lactitol (sweetener)
 * E967 Xylitol (sweetener)
 * E999 Quillaia extract (foaming agent)

E1000–E1999 (additional chemicals)

 * E1103 Invertase (stabiliser)
 * E1105 Lysozyme (preservative)
 * E1200 Polydextrose (stabiliser) (thickening agent) (humectant) (carrier)
 * E1201 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (stabiliser)
 * E1202 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (carrier) (stabiliser)
 * E1400 Dextrin (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1401 Modified starch (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1402 Alkaline modified starch (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1403 Bleached starch (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1404 Oxidized starch (emulsifier) (thickening agent)
 * E1410 Monostarch phosphate (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1412 Distarch phosphate (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1413 Phosphated distarch phosphate (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1414 Acetylated distarch phosphate (emulsifier) (thickening agent)
 * E1420 Acetylated starch, mono starch acetate (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1421 Acetylated starch, mono starch acetate (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1422 Acetylated distarch adipate (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1430 Distarch glycerine (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1440 Hydroxy propyl starch (emulsifier) (thickening agent)
 * E1441 Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerine (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1442 Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1450 Starch sodium octenyl succinate (emulsifier) (stabiliser) (thickening agent)
 * E1451 Acetylated oxidised starch (emulsifier) (thickening agent)
 * E1501 Benzylated hydrocarbons
 * E1502 Butane-1, 3-diol
 * E1503 Castor Oil
 * E1504 Ethyl Acetate
 * E1505 Triethyl citrate (foam stabiliser)
 * E1510 Ethanol
 * E1517 Glyceryl diacetate or diacetin
 * E1518 Glyceryl triacetate or triacetin (humectant)
 * E1519 Benzyl alcohol
 * E1520 Propylene glycol (humectant)