Interphalangeal articulations of hand

Associate Editor-In-Chief:

Overview
The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. There are two sets (except in the thumb):


 * "proximal interphalangeal joints" (PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges
 * "distal interphalangeal joints" (DIP), those between the second and third (distal) phalanges

A similar group of articulations also function in the toes.

Ligaments
Each joint has a volar ligament and two collateral ligaments.

The arrangement of these ligaments is similar to those in the metacarpophalangeal joints (also known as MCP joints).

The extensor tendons supply the place of posterior ligaments.

Movements
The only movements permitted in the interphalangeal joints are flexion and extension.
 * Flexion is more extensive, about 100°, in the PIP joints and slightly more restricted, about 80°, in the DIP joints.
 * Extension is limited by the volar and collateral ligaments.

The muscles generating these movements are: