Manfred Sakel

Manfred Joshua Sakel, Polish neurophysiologist and psychiatrist, was born on June 6, 1900, in Nadwórna, in the former Austria-Hungary Empire (now Ukraine). Sakel studied Medicine at the University of Vienna from 1919 to 1925, specializing in neurology and neuropsychiatry. In 1933 he became a researcher at the University of Vienna's Neuropsychiatric Clinic, but was forced to immigrate to the United States in 1936, when the National Socialist Party came to power in Austria. In the USA, he became an attending physician and researcher at the Harlem Valley State Hospital.

Dr. Sakel was the discoverer of the insulin shock therapy for schizophrenics and other mental patients in 1927, while a young doctor in Vienna. He noted that insulin-induced coma and convulsions, due to the low level of glucose attained in the blood (hypoglycemic crisis) was effective in improving the mental state of drug addicts and psychotics, sometimes dramatically so. His findings indicated that up to 88% of his patients improved with insulin shock therapy, and his method became widely applied for many years in mental institutions worldwide. In the USA and other countries it has been largely replaced by electroconvulsive therapy and other means of treatment,

Dr. Sakel died on December 2, 1957, in New York City, NY, USA.