Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis

Overview
Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis is an ocular surface disease characterized by episodes of recurrent inflammation of the superior cornea and limbus as well as of the superior tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva.

Pathophysiology
Even though the pathophysiology remains unclear, it is thought that mechanical trauma from tight upper lids or loose redundant conjunctiva could lead to the disruption of normal epithelium. This mechanical hypothesis is supported by the increased lid apposition of exophthalmic thyroid patients, who are known to have an increased incidence of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis.

Signs and symptoms
Patients present with a red eye, burning, tearing, foreign body sensation, mild photophobia.

Physical examination
Inflammation and thickening of the conjunctiva is observed, espedially at the limbus.

Treatment
Lubrication is an effective treatment.