Neocallimastigomycota

Neocallimastigomycota is a phylum of anaerobic fungi, found mainly within the stomachs of ruminants, but with possible distributions elsewhere. It encompasses only one family.

Reproduction and growth
These fungi reproduce in the stomach of ruminants through the use of zoospores lacking a centriole, and have been known to utilize horizontal gene transfer in their development of xylanase (from bacteria) and other glucanases. The nuclear envolopes of their cells are notable for remaining intact throughout mitosis.

Metabolism
Neocallimastigomycota lack mitochondria, using hydrogenosomes to oxidize NADH to NAD+, evolving H2 as a product.

Spelling of name
The Greek termination, "-mastix", referring to "whips", i.e. the many flagella on these fungi, is changed to "-mastig-" when combined with additional terminations in Latinized names. The family name Neocallimastigaceae was originally incorrectly published as "Neocallimasticaceae" by the publishing authors which led to the coinage of the misspelled, hence incorrect "Neocallimasticales", an easily forgiven error considering that other "-ix" endings such as Salix goes to Salicaceae. Correction of these names is mandated by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Art. 60. The corrected spelling is used by Index Fungorum. Both spellings occur in the literature and on the WWW as a result of the spelling in the original publication.