Catalepsy

Catalepsy is a condition characterized by muscular rigidity, fixity of posture and decreased sensitivity to pain.

Professionals once believed this disorder was the result of (controllable) mental states that had no basis in physiology. Researchers now know, however, that catalepsy does not appear of its own accord; instead, it often manifests as one in a constellation of symptoms caused by disorders that have physical causes. Catalepsy can be produced by conditions as varied as Parkinson's disease and epilepsy, for example. Catalepsy is also a characteristic symptom of cocaine withdrawal, and schizophrenia treatment with typical anti-psychotics.

Symptoms include: rigid body, rigid limbs, limbs staying in same position when moved, no response, loss of muscle control, and slowing down of bodily functions, such as breathing.

In some cases, isolated cataleptic instances can also be precipitated by extreme emotional shock.

Catalepsy is also a term used by hypnotists to refer to the state of making a hypnotised subject's arm, leg or back rigid. "Arm catalepsy" is often a pre-hypnotic test performed prior to an induction into a full trance.

Literary depictions
In Alexander Dumas' novel The Count of Monte Cristo, the Abbé Faria suffered from fits of Catalepsy from time to time.

In George Eliot's novel Silas Marner, the main character Silas Marner frequently suffers from catalepsic fits and seizures. It is not mentioned if they are caused by any of the aforementioned factors.

In Edgar Allan Poe's The Premature Burial, the narrator suffers from catalepsy. He fears being mistakenly declared dead and buried alive, and goes to great lengths to prevent this.

In Edgar Allan Poe's Fall of the House of Usher, Madeline Usher suffers from catalepsy. She is buried alive by her unstable brother Rodderick.

In Arthur Conan Doyle's The Resident Patient, a doctor attempts to treat catalepsy with amyl nitrite