Hemoglobinuria

Overview
Hemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine. The condition is often associated with hemolytic anemia, in which red blood cells are destroyed, thereby increasing levels of free plasma hemoglobin. The excess hemoglobin is filtered by the kidneys, which release it into the urine, giving urine a red colour.

Causes
In alphabetical order:


 * Acute glomerulonephritis
 * Burns
 * Kidney cancer
 * Malaria
 * Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
 * Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)
 * Pyelonephritis
 * Sickle cell anemia
 * Transfusion immune reaction
 * Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
 * Tuberculosis of the urinary tract
 * Exertional hemoglobinuria

Complications
Hemoglobinuria can lead to acute tubular necrosis and is a common cause of death of multi-traumatic patients recovering on the ICU.