Names of Genera, Species and Subspecies: C

Calymmatobacterium Aragao and Vianna 1913 Aragao, H. and G. Vianna. 1913. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro 5:211–238. Type species: C. granulomatis Aragao and Vianna 1913 Description: Bergey 8.

C. granulomatis Aragao and Vianna 1913 Aragao, H. and G. Vianna. 1913. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro 5:211–238. Type strain: no strain extant. Description: Bergey 8.

Campylobacter Sebald and Veron 1963 Sebald, M. and M. Veron. 1963. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 105:897–910. Type species: C. fetus (Smith and Taylor 1919) Sebald and Veron 1963 Description: Bergey 8.

C. coli (Doyle 1948) Veron and Chatelain 1973 Doyle, L.P. 1948. American Journal of Veterinary Research 9:50–51; Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 23:122–134. Type strain: CIP 7080 Description: Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. Ibid.

C. fetus (Smith and Taylor 1919) Sebald and Veron 1963 Smith, T. and M.S. Taylor. 1919. Journal of Experimental Medicine 30:299–311; Sebald, M. and M. veron. 1963. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 105:897–910. Type strain: CIP 5396 Description: Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 23:133–134.

C. fetus subsp. fetus (Smith and Taylor 1919) Veron and Chatelain 1973 Smith, T. and M.S. Taylor. 1919. Journal of Experimental Medicine 30:299–311; Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 23:122–134. Type strain: CIP 5396 Description: Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. Ibid.

C. fetus subsp. venerealis (Florent 1959) Veron and Chatelain 1973 Florent, A. 1959. Proceedings 10th International Veterinary Congress Madrid 2: 953–957; Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 23:122–134. Type strain: ATCC 19483 Description: Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. Ibid.

C. jejuni (Jones, Orcutt and Little 1931) Veron and Chatelain 1973 Jones, F.S., M. Orcutt and R.B. Little. 1931. Journal of Experimental Medicine 53:853–864; Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 23:122–134. Type strain: CIP 702 Description: Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. Ibid.

C. sputorum (Prevot 1940) Veron and Chatelain 1973 Prevot, A.R. 1940. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 64:117–125; Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 23:122–134. Type strain: strain Forsyth ER33 (Location not yet determined) Description: Loesche, W.J., R.J. Gibbons and S.S. Socransky. 1965. Journal of Bacteriology 89:1109–1116.

C. sputorum subsp. bubulus (Florent 1953) Veron and Chatelain 1973 Florent, A. 1953. Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologic 147:2066–2069; Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 23:122–134. Type strain: CIP 53103 Description: Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. Ibid.

C. sputorum subsp. sputorum (Prevot 1940) Veron and Chatelain 1973 Prevot, A.R. 1940. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 64:117–125; Veron, M. and R. Chatelain. 1973. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 23:122–134. Type strain: strain Forsyth ER33 Description: Loesche, W.J., R.J. Gibbons and S.S. Socransky. 1965. Journal of Bacteriology 89:1109–1116.

Capsularis Prevot 1938 Prevot, A.R. 1938. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 60:285–307. Type species: C. zoogleiformans (Weinberg, Nativelle and Prevot 1937) Prevot 1938 Description: Prevot, A.R., A. Turpin and P. Kaiser. 1967. Les bacteries anaerobies. Dunod, Paris. p. 272.

C. zoogleiformans (Weinberg, Nativelle and Prevot 1937) Prevot 1938 Weinberg, M., R. Nativelle and A.R. Prevot. 1937. Les microbes anaerobies. Masson et Cie; Prevot, A.R. 1938. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 60:285–307. Type strain: VPI D28K-1 Description: Prevot, A.R., A. Turpin and P. Kaiser. 1967. Les bacteries anaerobies. Dunod, Paris. p. 272.

Cardiobacterium Slotnick and Dougherty 1964 Slotnick, I.J. and M. Dougherty. 1964. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology 30:261–272. Type species: C. hominis Slotnick and Dougherty 1964 Description: Bergey 8.

C. hominis Slotnick and Dougherty 1964 Slotnick, I.J. and M. Dougherty. 1964. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology 30:261–272. Type strain: ATCC 15826 Description: Bergey 8.

Caryophanon Peshkoff 1939 Peshkoff, M.A. 1939. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 25:239–242. Type species: C. latum Peshkoff 1939 Description: Bergey 8.

C. latum Peshkoff 1939 Peshkoff, M.A. 1939. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 25:239–242. Type strain: NCIB 9533 Description: Bergey 8.

Caseobacter Crombach 1978 Crombach, W.H.J. 1978. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:354–366. Type species: C. polymorphus Crombach 1978 Description: Crombach, W.H.J. 1978. Ibid.

C. polymorphus Crombach 1978 Crombach, W.H.J. 1978. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:354–366. Type strain: LMD AC 256 Description: Crombach, W.H.J. 1978. Ibid.

Caulobacter Henrici and Johnson 1935 Henrici, A.T. and D. Johnson. 1935. Journal of Bacteriology 30:61–92. Type species: C. vibrioides Henrici and Johnson 1935 Description: Bergey 8.

C. bacteroides Poindexter 1964 Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Bacteriological Reviews 28:231–295. Type strain: ATCC 15254 Description: Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Ibid.

C. crescentus Poindexter 1964 Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Bacteriological Reviews 28:231–295. Type strain: ATCC 15252 Description: Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Ibid.

C. fusiformis Poindexter 1964 Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Bacteriological Reviews 28:231–295. Type strain: ATCC 15257 Description: Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Ibid.

C. halobacteroides Poindexter 1964 Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Bacteriological Reviews 28:231–295. Type strain: ATCC 15269 Description: Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Ibid.

C. henricii Poindexter 1964 Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Bacteriological Reviews 28:231–295. Type strain: ATCC 15253 Description: Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Ibid.

C. intermedius Poindexter 1964 Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Bacteriological Reviews 28:231–295. Type strain: ATCC 15262 Description: Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Ibid.

C. leidyia Poindexter 1964 Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Bacteriological Reviews 28:231–295. Type strain: ATCC 15260 Description: Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Ibid.

C. maris Poindexter 1964 Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Bacteriological Reviews 28:231–295. Type strain: ATCC 15268 Description: Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Ibid.

C. subvibrioides Poindexter 1964 Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Bacteriological Reviews 28:231–295. Type strain: ATCC 15264 Description: Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Ibid.

C. vibrioides Henrici and Johnson 1935 Henrici, A.T. and D. Johnson. 1935. Journal of Bacteriology 30:61–92. Type strain: Stove CB51 (not extant) Description: Poindexter, J.S. 1964. Bacteriological Reviews 28:231–295.

Cellulomonas Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon 1923. Bergey's Vlanual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type species: C. flavigena (Kellerman and McBeth 1912) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Description: Bergey 8.

C. biazotea (Kellerman, McBeth, Scales and Smith 1913) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Kellerman, K.F., I.G. McBeth, F.M. Scales and N.R. Smith. 1913. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde. Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung II. 39:502–522; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 486 Description: Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Ibid.

C. cellasea (Kellerman, McBeth, Scales and Smith 1913) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Kellerman, K.F., I.G. McBeth, F.M. Scales and N.R. Smith. 1913. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie. Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung II. 39:502–522; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 487 Description: Kellerman, K.F., I.G. McBeth, F.M. Scales and N.R. Smith. 1913. Ibid.

C. fimi (McBeth and Scales 1913) Bergey, Harrison. Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 McBeth, I.G. and F.M. Scales. 1913. United States Department of Agriculture Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin 266:1–52; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 484 Description: McBeth, I.G. and F.M. Scales. 1913. Ibid.

C. flavigena (Kellerman and McBeth 1912) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Kellerman, K.F. and I.G. McBeth. 1912. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung II. 34:485–494; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 482 Description: Bergey 8.

C. gelida (Kellerman, McBeth, Scales and Smith 1913) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Kellerman, K.F., I.G. McBeth, F.M. Scales and N.R. Smith. 1913. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung II. 39:502–522; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 488 Description: Kellerman, K.F., I.G. McBeth, F.M. Scales and N.R. Smith. 1913. Ibid.

C. uda (Kellerman, McBeth, Scales and Smith 1913) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Kellerman, K.F., I.G. McBeth, F.M. Scales and N.R. Smith. 1913. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung II. 39:502–522; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 491 Description: Kellerman, K.F., I.G. McBeth, F.M. Scales and N.R. Smith. 1913. Ibid.

Chainia Thirumalachar 1955 Thirumalachar, M.J. 1955. Nature (London) 176:934–935. Type species: C. antibiotica Thirumalachar 1955 Description: Thirulmalachar, M.J. 1955. Ibid.

C. antibiotica Thirumalachar 1955 Thirumalachar, M.J. 1955. Nature (London) 176:934–935. Type strain: ATCC 15721 Description: Shirling, E.B. and D. Gottlieb. 1972. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:265–394.

C. flava Thirumalachar and Sukapure 1964 Thirumalachar, M.J. and R.S. Sukapure. 1964. Hindustan Antibiotics Bulletin 6:157–166. Type strain: ATCC 19347 Description: Thirulmalachar, M.J. and R.S. Sukapure. 1964. Ibid.

C. fumigata Thirumalachar, Sukapure, Rahalkar and Gopalkrishnan 1966 Thirumalachar, M.J., R.S. Sukapure, P.W. Rahalkar and K.S. Gopalkrishnan. 1966. Hindustan Antibiotics Bulletin 9:10–14. Type strain: ATCC 19345 Description: Thirulmalachar, M.J., R.S. Sukapure, P.W. Rahalkar and K.S. Gopalkrishnan. 1966. Ibid.

C. minutisclerotica Thirumalachar, Rahalkar, Deshmukh and Sukapure 1965 Thirumalachar, M.J., P.W. Rahalkar, P.V. Deshmukh and R.S. Sukapure. 1965. Hindustan Antibiotics Bulletin 8:6–9. Type strain: ATCC 17757 Description: Shirling, E.B. and D. Gottlieb. 1972. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:265–394.

C. nigra Thirumalachar 1955 Thirumalachar, M.J. 1955. Nature (London) 176:934–935. Type strain: ATCC 17756 Description: Shirling, E.B. and D. Gottlieb. 1972. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:265–394.

C. ochracea Kuznetsov 1962 Kuznetsov, V.D. 1962. Mikrobiologiya 31:534–539. Type strain: ATCC 15814 Description: Shirling, E.B. and D. Gottlieb. 1972. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:265–394.

C. olivacea Thirumalachar and Sukapure 1964 Thirumalachar, M.J. and R.S. Sukapure. 1964. Hindustan Antibiotics Bulletin 6: 157–166. Type strain: ATCC 15722 Description: Shirling, E.B. and D. Gottlieb. 1972. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:265–394.

C. poonensis Thirumalachar 1960 Thirumalachar, M.J. 1960 in Kalakoutskii, L.V. and N.A. Krassilnikov in Rautenshtein, Ya. I. Transactions of the Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences USSR 8:1–344. Type strain: ATCC 15723 Description: Shirling, E.B. and D. Gottlieb. 1972. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:265–394.

C. purpurogena Thirumalachar and Sukapure 1964 Thirumalachar, M.J. and R.S. Sukapure. 1964. Hindustan Antibiotics Bulletin 6:157–166. Type strain: ATCC 19348 Description: Shirling, E.B. and D. Gottlieb. 1972. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:265–394.

C. rosea Thirumalachar 1966 Thirumalachar, M.J. 1966 in Thirumalachar, M.J., R.S. Sukapure, P.W. Rahalkar and K.S. Gopalkrishnan. Hindustan Antibiotics Bulletin 9:10–14. Type strain: ATCC 17755 Description: Shirling, E.B. and D. Gottlieb. 1972. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:265–394.

C. rubra Thirumalachar 1955 Thirumalachar, M.J. 1955. Nature (London) 176:934–935. Type strain: ATCC 17754 Description: Shirling, E.B. and D. Gottlieb. 1972. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22-265–394.

C. violens Kalakoutskii and Krassilnikov 1960 Kalakoutskii, L.V. and N.A. Krassilnikov. 1960. Transactions of the Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Science USSR 8:45–55. Type strain: ATCC 15898 Description: Shirling, E.B. and D. Gottlieb. 1972. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:265–394.

Chlamydia Jones, Rake and Stearns 1945 Jones, H., G. Rake and B. Stearns. 1945. Journal of Infectious Diseases 76:55–69. Type species: C. trachomatis (Busacca 1935) Rake 1957 Description: Bergey 8.

C. psittaci (Lillie 1930) Page 1968 Lillie, R.D. 1930. Public Health Report 45:773–778; Page, L.A. 1968. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 18:51–66. Type strain: ATCC VR 125 Description: Bergey 8.

C. trachomatis (Busacca 1935) Rake 1957 Busacca, A. 1935. Archives d'Ophthalmologie 52:567–572; Rake, G. 1957 in Breed, R.S., E.G.D. Murray and N.R. Smith (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 957–968. Type strain: ATCC VR 571 Description: Bergey 8.

Chlorobium Nadson 1906 Nadson, G.A. 1906. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique. St. Petersbourg 6:190. Type species: C. limicola Nadson 1906 Description: Bergey 8.

C. chlorovibrioides Gorlenko, Chebotarev and Kachalkin 1974 Gorlenko, V.M., E.N. Chebotarev and V.I. Kachalkin. 1974. Mikrobiologiya 43:908–914. Type strain: DSM 1377 Description: Gorlenko, V.M., E.N. Chebotarev and V.I. Kachalkin. 1974. Ibid.

C. limicola Nadson 1906 Nadson, G.A. 1906. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique, St. Petersbourg 6:190. Type strain: DSM 245 Description: Bergey 8.

C. phaeobacteroides Pfennig 1968 Pfennig. N. 1968. Archiv fur Mikrobiologie 63:224–226. Type strain: DSM 266 Description: Bergey 8.

C. phaeovibrioides Pfennig 1968 Pfennig, N. 1968. Archiv fur Mikrobiologie 63:224–226. Type strain: DSM 269 Description: Bergey 8.

C. vibrioforme Pelsh 1936 Pelsh, A.D. 1936. Trudy Solyanoi Laboratorii, Vsesoyuznogo Instituta Metallurgi NISNKT. Izdatelstvo Akademya Nauk SSSR, Moscow eningrad 5:49–126. Type strain: DSM 260 Description: Bergey 8.

Chloroflexus Pierson and Castenholz 1974 Pierson, B.K. and R.W. Castenholz. 1974. Archives of Microbiology 100:5–24. Type species: C. aurantiacus Pierson and Castenholz 1974 Description: Pierson, B.K. and R.W. Castenholz. 1974. Ibid.

C. aurantiacus Pierson and Castenholz 1974 Pierson, B.K. and R.W. Castenholz. 1974. Archives of Microbiology 100:5–24. Type strain: ATCC 29366 Description: Pierson, B.K. and R.W. Castenholz. 1974. Ibid.

Chloronema Dubinina and Gorlenko 1975 Dubinina, G.A. and V.M. Gorlenko. 1975. Mikrobiologiya 44:511–517. Type species: C. giganteum Dubinina and Gorlenko 1975 Description: Dubinina, G.A. and V.M. Gorlenko. 1975. Ibid.

C. giganteum Dubinina and Gorlenko 1975 Dubinina, G.A. and V.M. Gorlenko. 1975. Mikrobiologiya 44:511–517. Type strain: no pure culture. Description: Dubinina, G.A. and V.M. Gorlenko. 1975. Ibid.

Chondromyces Berkeley and Curtis 1874 Berkeley, M.J. and M.A. Curtis. 1874 in Berkeley, M.J. Grevillea 3:49–64. Type species: C. crocatus Berkeley and Curtis 1874 Description: Bergey 8.

C. apiculatus Thaxter 1897 Thaxter, R. 1897. Botanical Gazette 23:395–411. Type strain: TC 4481 Description: Bergey 8.

C. catenulatus Thaxter 1904 Thaxter, R. 1904. Botanical Gazette 37:405–416. Type strain: TC 4517 Description: Bergey 8.

C. crocatus Berkeley and Curtis 1874 Berkeley, M.J. and M.A. Curtis. 1874 in Berkeley, M.J. Grevillea 3:49–64. Type strain: TC 601 Description: Bergey 8.

C. lanuginosus Kofler 1913 Kofler, L. 1913. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse Abteilung I. 122:845–876. Type strain: TC 4494 Description: Kofler, L. 1913. Ibid.

C. pediculatus Thaxter 1904 Thaxter, R. 1904. Botanical Gazette 37:405–416. Type strain: TC 4524 Description: Bergey 8.

Chromatium Perty 1852 Perty, M. 1852. Zur Kenntnis kleinster Lebensformen. Jent and Reinert, Bern I-VIII, pp. 1–228. Type species: C. okenii (Ehrenberg 1838) Perty 1852 Description: Bergey 8.

C. buderi Truper and Jannasch 1968 Truper, H.G. and H.W. Jannasch. 1968. Archiv fur Mikrobiologie 61:363–372. Type strain: ATCC 25588 Description: Bergey 8.

C. gracile Strzeszewski 1913 Strzeszewski, B. 1913. Bulletin de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie, Serie B. pp. 309–334. Type strain: DSM 203 Description: Bergey 8.

C. minus Winogradsky 1888 Winogradsky, S. 1888. Beitrage zur Morphologie und Physiologie der Bacterien. Heft I. Zur Morphologie und Physiologie der Schwefelbacterien. Arthur Felix, Leipzig. pp. 1–120. Type strain: DSM 178 Description: Bergey 8.

C. minutissimum Winogradsky 1888 Winogradsky, S. 1888. Beitrage zur Morphologie und Physiologie der Bacterien. Heft I. Zur Morphologie und Physiologie der Schwefelbacterien. Arthur Felix, Leipzig. pp. 1–120. Type strain: DSM 1376 Description: Bergey 8.

C. okenii (Ehrenberg 1838) Perty 1852 Ehrenberg, C.G. 1838. Die Infusionsthierchen als vollkommene Organismen. L. Voss, Leipzig; Perty, M. 1852. Zur Kenntnis kleinster Lebensformen. Jent and Reinert, Bern I-VIII, pp. 1–228. Type strain: DSM 169 Description: Bergey 8.

C. vinosum (Ehrenberg 1838) Winogradsky 1888 Ehrenberg, C.G. 1838. Die Infusionsthierchen als vollkommene Organismen. L. Voss, Leipzig; Winogradsky, S. 1888. Beitrage zur Morphologie und Physiologie der Bacterien. Heft I. Zur Morphologie und Physiologie der Schwefelbacterien. Arthur Felix, Leipzig. pp. 1–120. Type strain: ATCC 17899 Description: Bergey 8.

C. violascens Perty 1852 Perty, M. 1852. Zur Kenntnis kleinster Lebensformen. Jent and Reinert, Bern I-VIII. pp. 1–228. Type strain: ATCC 17096 Description: Bergey 8.

C. warmingii (Cohn 1875) Migula 1900 Cohn, F. 1875. Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen 1:141–207; Migula, W. 1900. System der Bakterien, Vol. 2. Gustav Fischer, Jena. Type strain: ATCC 14959 Description: Bergey 8.

C. weissei Perty 1852 Perty, M. 1852. Zur Kenntnis kleinster Lebensformen. Jent and Reinert, Bern I–VIII. pp. 1–228. Type strain: DSM 171 Description: Bergey 8.

Chromobacterium Bergonzini 1881 Bergonzini, C. 1881. Annuar Soc. Nat. Modena, Series 2, 14:149–158. Type species: C. violaceum Bergonzini 1881 Description: De Ley, J., P. Segers and M. Gillis. 1978. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:154–168.

C. violaceum Bergonzini 1881 Bergonzini, C. 1881. Annuar. Soc. Nat. Modena, Series 2, 14:149–158. Type strain: ATCC 12472 Description: De Ley, J., P. Segers and M. Gillis. 1978. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:154–168.

Citrobacter Werkman and Gillen 1932 Werkman, C.H. and G.F. Gillen. 1932. Journal of Bacteriology 23:167–182. Type species: C. freundii (Braak 1928) Werkmann and Gillen 1932 Description: Bergey 8.

C. diversus (Burkey 1928) Werkman and Gillen 1932 Burkey, L.A. 1928. Iowa State College Journal of Science 3:57–100; Werkman, C.H. and G.F. Gillen. 1932. Journal of Bacteriology 23:167–182. Type strain: ATCC 27156 Description: Evving, W.H. and B.R. Davis. 1972. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:12–18.

C. freundii (Braak 1928) Werkman and Gillen 1932 Braak, H.R. 1928. Onderzoekingen over vergisting van glycerine. Thesis. Meinema W.D. Uitgever- Delft. pp. 1–233; Werkman, C.H. and G.F. Gillen. 1932. Journal of Bacteriology 23:167–182. Type strain: ATCC 8090 Description: Bergey 8.

C. koseri Frederiksen 1970 Frederiksen, W. 1970. Publication of the Faculty of Sciences University J.E. Purkyne, Brno. 47:89–94. Type strain: ATCC 27028 Description: Frederiksen, W. 1970. Ibid.

Clostridium Prazmowski 1880 Prazmowski, A. 1880. Inaugural Dissertation Hugo Voigt, Leipzig. pp. 1–58. Type species: C. butyricum Prazmowski 1880 Description: Bergey 8.

C. absonum Nakamura, Shimamura, Hayase and Nishida 1973 Nakamura, S., T. Shimamura, M. Hayase and S. Nishida. 1973. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 23:419–429. Type strain: ATCC 27555 Description: Nakamura, S., T. Shimamura, M. Hayase and S. Nishida. 1973. Ibid.

C. acetobutylicum McCoy, Fred, Peterson and Hastings 1926 McCoy, E., E.B. Fred, W.H. Peterson and E.G. Hastings. 1926. Journal of Infectious Diseases 39:457–483. Type strain: ATCC 824 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. acidiurici (Liebert 1909) Barker 1938 Liebert, F. 1909. Verslagen van de gewone vergadering der wis- en natuurkundige afdeeling. K. Akademie van wetenschappen te Amsterdam. 17:990–1001; Barker, H.A. 1938. Journal of Bacteriology 36:322–323. Type strain: ATCC 7906 Description: Bergey 8.

C. aminovalericum Hardman and Stadtman 1960 Hardman, J.K. and T.C. Stadtman. 1960. Journal of Bacteriology 79:549–552. Type strain: ATCC 13725 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. aurantibutyricum Hellinger 1944 Hellinger, E. 1944. Commemorative Volume to Dr. Weizmann's 70th Birthday Private print November 1944. pp. 37–46. Type strain: ATCC 17777 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. barati (Prevot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970 Prevot, A.R. 1938. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 61:72–91; Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1970 in Cato, E.P., C.S. Cummins, L.V. Holdeman, J.L. Johnson, W.E.C. Moore, R.M. Smibert and L.DS. Smith (eds). Outline of clinical methods in anaerobic bacteriology, 2nd revision. Virginia Polytechnic Institute Anaerobe Laboratory, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 57–66. Type strain: ATCC 27638 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. barkeri Stadtman, Stadtman, Pastan and Smith 1972 Stadtman, E.R., T.C. Stadtman, I. Pastan and L.DS. Smith. 1972. Journal of Bacteriology 110:758–760. Type strain: ATCC 25849 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. beijerinckii Donker 1926 Donker, H.J.L. 1926. Dissertations Delft. W.D. Meinema, Delft. Type strain: ATCC 25752 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. bifermentans (Weinberg and Seguin 1918) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Weinberg, M. and P. Seguin. 1918. La gangrene gazeuse-Bacteriologie, Reproduction experimentale, Sereotherapie. Masson et Cie, Paris. pp. 1–444; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 638 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. botulinum (van Ermengem 1896) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 van Ermengem, E. 1896. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung I. 19:442–444; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 25763 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. butyricum Prazmowski 1880 Prazmowski, A. 1880. Inaugural Dissertation Hugo Voigt, Leipzig, pp. 1–58. Type strain: ATCC 19398 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. cadaveris (Klein 1899) McClung and McCoy 1957 Klein, E. 1899. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung I. 25:278–284; McClung, L.S. and E. McCoy. 1957 in Breed, R.S., E.G.D. Murray and N.R. Smith (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 634–693. Type strain: ATCC 25783 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. carnis (Klein 1904) Spray 1939 Klein, E. 1904. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung I. 35:459–461; Spray, R.S. 1939 in Bergey, D.H., R.S. Breed, E.G.D. Murray and A.P. Hitchens (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 5th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 743–790. Type strain: ATCC 25777 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. celatum Hauschild and Holdeman 1974 Hauschild, A.H.W. and L.V. Holdeman. 1974. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:478–481. Type strain: ATCC 27791 Description: Hauschild, A.H.W. and L.V. Holdeman 1974. Ibid.

C. cellobioparum Hungate 1944 Hungate, R.E. 1944. Journal of Bacteriology 48:499–513. Type strain: ATCC 15832 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blackburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. chauvoei (Arloing, Cornevin and Thomas 1887) Scott 1928 Arloing, S., Cornevin and Thomas. 1887. Le charbon symptomatique du boeuf. 2nd ed. Asselin and Houzeau, Paris. pp. 1–281; Scott, J.P. 1928. Cornell Veterinarian 18:259–271. Type strain: ATCC 10092 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. clostridiiforme (Burri and Ankersmit 1906) Kaneuchi, Watanabe, Terada, Benno and Mitsuoka 1976 Burri, R. and P. Ankersmit. 1906 in Ankersmit, P. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung I. 40:100–118; Kaneuchi, C., K. Watanabe, A. Terada, Y. Benno and T. Mitsuoka. 1976. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 26:195–204, 341. Type strain: ATCC 25537 Description: Cato, E.P. and C.W. Salmon. 1976. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 26:205–211.

C. coccoides Kaneuchi, Benno and Mitsuoka 1976 Kaneuchi, C., Y. Benno and T. Mitsuoka. 1976. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 26:482–486. Type strain: ATCC 29236 Description: Kaneuchi, C., Y. Benno and T. Mitsuoka. 1976. Ibid.

C. cochlearium (Douglas, Fleming and Colebrook 1919) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Douglas, S.R., A. Fleming and L. Colebrook. 1919. Medical Research Council (Great Britain) Special Report Series 57:1–159; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 17787 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. cocleatum Kaneuchi, Miyazato, Shinjo and Mitsuoka 1979 Kaneuchi, C., T. Miyazato, T. Shinjo and T. Mitsuoka. 1979. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 29:1–12. Type strain: ATCC 29902 Description: Kaneuchi, C., T. Miyazato, T. Shinjo and T. Mitsuoka. 1979. Ibid.

C. difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prevot 1938 Hall, I.C. and E. O'Toole. 1935. American Journal of Diseases of Children 49:390–402; Prevot, A.R. 1938. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 61:72–91. Type strain: ATCC 9689 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. durum Smith and Cato 1974 Smith, L.DS. and E.P. Cato. 1974. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 20:1393–1397. Type strain: ATCC 27763 Description: Smith, L.DS. and E.P. Cato. 1974. Ibid.

C. fallax (Weinberg and Seguin 1915) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Weinberg, M. and P. Seguin. 1915. Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie, Paris 78:686–689; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 19400 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. felsineum (Carbone and Tombolato 1917) Bergey, Breed, Murray and Hitchens 1939 Carbone, D. and A. Tombolato. 1917. Stazioni Sperimentali Agrarie Italiane 50:563–575; Bergey, D.H., R.S. Breed, E.G.D. Murray and A.P. Hitchens (eds). 1939. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 5th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–1032. Type strain: ATCC 17788 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. formicoaceticum Andreesen, Gottschalk and Schlegel 1970 Andreesen, J.R., G. Gottschalk and H.G. Schlegel. 1970. Archiv fur Mikrobiologie 72:154–174. Type strain: ATCC 27076 Description: Andreeson, J.R., G. Gottschalk and H.G. Schlegel. 1970. Ibid.

C. ghoni Prevot 1938 Prevot, A.R. 1938. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 61:72–91. Type strain: ATCC 25757 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. glycolicum Gaston and Stadtman 1963 Gaston, L.W. and E.R. Stadtman. 1963. Journal of Bacteriology 85:356–362. Type strain: ATCC 14880 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. haemolyticum (Hall 1929) Scott, Turner and Vawter 1935 Hall, I.C. 1929. Journal of Infectious Diseases 45:156–162; Scott, J., A.W. Turner and L.R. Vawter. 1935. Twelfth International Veterinary Congress 2:168–182. Type strain: ATCC 9650 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. hastiforme MacLennan 1939 MacLennan, J.D. 1939. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 49:535–548. Type strain: VPI 12193 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. histolyticum (Weinberg and Seguin 1916) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Weinberg, M. and P. Seguin. 1916. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Seances Paris 163:449–451; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 19401 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. indolis McClung and McCoy 1957 McClung, L.S. and E. McCoy. 1957 in Breed, R.S., E.G.D. Murray and N.R. Smith (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 634–693. Type strain: ATCC 25771 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. innocuum Smith and King 1962 Smith, L.DS. and E. King. 1962. Journal of Bacteriology 83:938–939. Type strain: ATCC 14501 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. irregularis (Choukevitch 1911) Prevot 1938 Choukevitch, J. 1911. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 25:345–368; Prevot, A.R. 1938. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 61:72–91. Type strain: ATCC 25756 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. kluyveri Barker and Taha 1942 Barker, H.A. and S.M. Taha. 1942. Journal of Bacteriology 43:347–363. Type strain: NCIB 10680 Description: Bergey 8.

C. lentoputrescens Hartsell and Rettger 1934 Hartsell, S.E. and L.F. Rettger. 1934. Journal of Bacteriology 27:497–514. Type strain: ATCC 17794 Description: Bergey 8.

C. leptum Moore, Johnson and Holdeman 1976 Moore, W.E.C., J.L. Johnson and L.V. Holdeman. 1976. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 26:238–252. Type strain: ATCC 29065 Description: Moore, W.E.C., J.L. Johnson and L.V. Holdeman. 1976. Ibid.

C. limosum Andre 1948 Andre, 1948 in Prevot, A.R. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 74:157–170. Type strain: ATCC 25620 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. lituseburense (Laplanche and Saissac 1948) McClung and McCoy 1957 Laplanche, J. and R. Saissac. 1948 in Prevot, A.R. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 74:157–170; McClung, L.S. and E. McCoy. 1957 in Breed, R.S., E.G.D. Murray and N.R. Smith (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 634–693. Type strain: ATCC 25759 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. malenominatum (Weinberg, Nativelle and Prevot 1937) Spray 1948 Weinberg, M., R. Nativelle and A.R. Prevot. 1937. Les Microbes Anaerobies. Masson et Cie, Paris. pp. 1–1186; Spray, R.S. 1948 in Breed, R.S., E.G.D. Murray and A.P. Hitchens (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 763–827. Type strain: ATCC 25776 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. mangenotii (Prevot and Zimmes-Chaverou 1947) McClung and McCoy 1957 Prevot, A.R. and Zimmes-Chaverou. 1947. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 73:602–604; McClung, L.S. and E. McCoy. 1957 in Breed, R.S., E.G.D. Murray and N.R. Smith (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 7th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 634–693. Type strain: ATCC 25761 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. nexile Holdeman and Moore 1974 Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1974. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:260–277. Type strain: ATCC 27757 Description: Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1974. Ibid.

C. novyi (Migula 1894) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Migula, W. 1894. Zeitschrift fur Hygiene 17:209; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 17861 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. oceanicum Smith 1970 Smith, L.DS. 1970. Journal of Bacteriology 103:811–813. Type strain: ATCC 25647 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. oroticum (Wachsman and Barker 1954) Cato, Moore and Holdeman 1968 Wachsman, J.T. and H.A. Barker. 1954. Journal of Bacteriology 68:400–404; Cato, E., W.E.C. Moore and L.V. Holdeman. 1968. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 18:9–13. Type strain: ATCC 13619 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. paraperfringens Nakamura, Tamai and Nishida 1970 Nakamura, S., K. Tamai and S. Nishida. 1970. Medical Biology 80:137–140. Type strain: ATCC 27639 Description: Nakamura, S., T. Shimamura, M. Hayase and S. Nishida. 1973. Ibid.

C. paraputrificum (Bienstock 1906) Snyder 1936 Bienstock, B. 1906. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 20:407–415; Snyder, M.L. 1936. Journal of Bacteriology 32:401–410. Type strain: ATCC 25780 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. pasteurianum Winogradsky 1895 Winogradsky, S. 1894–95. Archives of Science and Biology, St. Petersbourg 3:297–352. Type strain: ATCC 6013 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. perenne (Prevot 1940) McClung and McCoy 1957 Prevot, A.R. 1940. Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie (Paris) 133:574–577; McClung, L.S. and E. McCoy. 1957 in Breed, R.S., E.G.D. Murray and N.R. Smith (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 634–693. Type strain: ATCC 25782 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. perfringens (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy, Ehringer, Urbain, Guillot and Magrou 1937 Veillon, A. and A. Zuber. 1898. Archives de Medicine Experimentale et d'Anatomie Pathologique 10:517–545; Hauduroy, P., G. Ehringer, A. Urbain, G. Guillot and J. Magrou. 1937. Dictionnaire des bacteries pathogenes. Masson et Cie, Paris. pp. 1–597. Type strain: ATCC 13124 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksurg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. propionicum Cardon and Barker 1946 Cardon, B.P. and H.A. Barker. 1946. Journal of Bacteriology 52:629–634. Type strain: ATCC 25522 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. putrefaciens (McBryde 1911) Sturges and Drake 1927 McBryde, C.N. 1911. United States Bureau of Animal Industry 132:1–55; Sturges, W.S. and E.T. Drake. 1927. Journal of Bacteriology 14:175–179. Type strain: ATCC 25786 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. putrificum (Trevisan 1889) Reddish and Rettger 1922 Trevisan, V. 1889. I Generi e le Specie delle Battieriacee. Zanaboni and Gabuzzi, Milano; Reddish, G. and L. Rettger. 1922. Abstracts of Bacteriology 6:9. Type strain: ATCC 25784 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. quercicolum Stankewich, Cosenza and Shigo 1971 Stankewich, J.P., B.J. Cosenza and A.L. Shigo. 1971. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology 37:299–302. Type strain: ATCC 25974 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. ramosum (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Holdeman, Cato and Moore 1971 Veillon, A. and A. Zuber. 1898. Archives de Medecine Experimentale et d'Anatomie Pathologique 10:517–545; Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore. 1971. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 21:35–39. Type strain: ATCC 25582 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. rectum (Heller 1922) Holdeman and Moore 1972 Heller, H.H. 1922. Journal of Bacteriology 7:1–38; Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1972. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual Virginia Polytechnic Institute Anaerobe Laboratory, Blacksburg, Virginia. Type strain: ATCC 25751 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. sardiniensis Prevot 1938 Prevot, A.R. 1938. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 61:72–91. Type strain: VPI 2971 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. sartagoformum Partansky and Henry 1935 Partansky, A.M. and B.S. Henry. 1935. Journal of Bacteriology 30:559–571. Type strain: ATCC 25778 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. scatologenes (Weinberg and Ginsbourg 1927) Prevot 1948 Weinberg, M. and B. Ginsbourg. 1927. Donnees recentes dur les microbes anaerobies et leur role en pathologie. Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 1–291; Prevot, A.R. 1948. Manuel de classification et de determination des bacteries anaerobies, 2nd ed. Masson et Cie, Paris. pp. 1–290. Type strain: ATCC 25775 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. septicum (Mace 1889) Ford 1927 Mace, E. 1889. Traite Pratique de Bacteriologie, 1st ed. J.-B. Balliere and Sons, Paris I–III. pp. 1–711; Ford, W.W. 1927. Text-book of Bacteriology. Saunders, Philadelphia. pp. 1–1069. Type strain: ATCC 12464 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. sordellii (Hall and Scott 1927) Prevot 1938 Hall, I.C. and J.P. Scott. 1927. Journal of Infectious Diseases 41:329–335; Prevot, A.R. 1938. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 61:72–91. Type strain: NCIB 10717 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. sphenoides (Douglas, Fleming and Colebrook 1919) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Douglas, S.R., A. Fleming and L. Colebrook. 1919. Medical Research Council (Great Britain) Special Report Series 57:1–159; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and P.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 19403 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. spiroforme Kaneuchi, Miyazato, Shinjo and Mitsuoka 1979 Kaneuchi, C., T. Miyazato, T. Shinjo and T. Mitsuoka. 1979. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 29:1–12. Type strain: ATCC 29900 Description: Kaneuchi, C., T. Miyazato, T. Shinjo and T. Mitsuoka. 1979. Ibid.

C. sporogenes (Metchnikoff 1908) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Metchnikoff, E. 1908. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 22:929–955; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 3584 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. sporosphaeroides Soriano and Soriano 1948 Soriano, S. and A. Soriano. 1948. Revista de la Asocion Argentina de Dietologia 6:36–41. Type strain: ATCC 25781 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. sticklandii Stadtman and McClung 1957 Stadtman, T.C. and L.S. McClung. 1957. Journal of Bacteriology 73:218–219. Type strain: ATCC 12662 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. subterminale (Hall and Whitehead 1927) Spray 1948 Hall, I.C. and R.W. Whitehead. 1927. Journal of Infectious Diseases 41:51–69; Spray, R.S. 1948 in Breed, R.S., E.G.D. Murray and A.P. Hitchens (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 763–827. Type strain: ATCC 25774 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. symbiosum (Stevens 1956) Kaneuchi, Watanabe, Terada, Benno and Mitsuoka 1976 Stevens, W.C. 1956. Taxonomic studies on the genus Bacteroides and similar forms. Thesis, Vanderbilt University; Kaneuchi, C., K. Watanabe, A. Terada, Y. Benno and T. Mitsuoka. 1976. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 26:195–204. Type strain: ATCC 14940 Description: Kaneuchi, C., K. Watanabe, A. Terada, Y. Benno and T. Mitsuoka. 1976. Ibid.

C. tertium (Henry 1917) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Henry, H. 1917. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 21:344–385; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 14573 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. tetani (Flugge 1886) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Flugge, C. 1886. Die Mikroorganismen. F.C.W. Vogel, Leipzig. pp. 1–692; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 19406 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. thermoaceticum Fontaine, Peterson, McCoy, Johnson and Ritter 1942 Fontaine, F.E., W.H. Peterson, E. McCoy, M.J. Johnson and G.J. Ritter. 1942. Journal of Bacteriology 43:701–715. Type strain: DSM 521 Description: Fontaine, F.E., W.H. Peterson, E. McCoy, M.J. Johnson and G.J. Ritter. 1942. Ibid.

C. thermocellum Viljoen, Fred and Peterson 1926 Viljoen, J.A., E.B. Fred and W.H. Peterson. 1926. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge 16:1–17. Type strain: ATCC 27405 Description: Bergey 8.

C. thermohydrosulfuricum Klaushofer and Parkkinen 1965 Klaushofer, H. and E. Parkkinen. 1965. Zeitschrift fur Zuckerindustrien Boehmen 15:445–449. Type strain: DSM 567 Description: Matteuzzi, D., F. Hollaus and B. Bravati. 1978. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:528–531.

C. thermosaccharolyticum McClung 1935 McClung, L.S. 1935. Journal of Bacteriology 29:189–203. Type strain: ATCC 7956 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. tyrobutyricum van Beynum and Pette 1935 van Beynum, J. and J.W. Pette. 1935. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung II. 93:198–212. Type strain: ATCC 25755 Description: Holdeman, L.V., E.P. Cato and W.E.C. Moore (eds). 1977. Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 1–156.

C. villosum Love, Jones and Bailey 1979 Love, D.N., R.F. Jones and M. Bailey. 1979. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 29:241–244. Type strain: NCTC 11220 Description: Love, D.N., R.F. Jones and M. Bailey. 1979. Ibid.

Coprococcus Holdeman and Moore 1974 Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1974. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:260–277. Type species: C. eutactus Holdeman and Moore 1974 Description: Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1974. Ibid.

C. catus Holdeman and Moore 1974 Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1974. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:260–277. Type strain: VPI C6-61 Description: Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1974. Ibid.

C. comes Holdeman and Moore 1974 Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1974. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:260–277. Type strain: VPI C1-38 Description: Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1974. Ibid.

C. eutactus Holdeman and Moore 1974 Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1974. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:260–277. Type strain: ATCC 27759 Description: Holdeman, L.V. and W.E.C. Moore. 1974. Ibid.

Corynebacterium Lehmann and Neumann 1896 Lehmann, K.B. and R. Neumann. 1896. Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speciellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik. 1st ed. J.F. Lehmann, Munchen. Type species: C. diphtheriae (Kruse 1886) Lehmann and Neumann 1896 Description: Bergey 8.

C. betae Keyworth, Howell and Dowson 1956 Keyworth, W.G., J.T.S. Howell and W.J. Dowson. 1956. Plant Pathology 5:88–90. Type strain: NCPPB 374 Description: Dye, D.W. and W.J. Kemp. 1977. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 20:563–582.

C. beticola Abdou 1969 Abdou, M. A-F. 1969. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 66:147–167. Type strain: NCPPB 2256 Description: Bergey 8.

C. bovis Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923 Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon. 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–442. Type strain: ATCC 7715 Description: Bergey 8.

C. callunae (Lee and Good 1963) Yamada and Komagata 1972 Lee, W.H. and R.C. Good. 1963. Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office 789:1349; Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:417–431. Type strain: ATCC 15991 Description: Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:399–416.

C. cystitidis Yanagawa and Honda 1978 Yanagawa, R. and E. Honda. 1978. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:209–216. Type strain: ATCC 29593 Description: Yanagawa, R. and E. Honda. 1978. Ibid.

C. diphtheriae (Kruse 1886) Lehmann and Neumann 1896 Kruse, W. 1886 in Flugge, C. Die Mikroorganismen. F.C.W. Vogel, Leipzig; Lehmann, K.B. and R. Neumann. 1896. Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speziellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik. 1st ed. J.F. Lehmann, Munchen. Type strain: ATCC 27010 Description: Barksdale, L. 1970. Bacteriological Reviews 34:414.

C. equi Magnusson 1923 Magnusson, M. 1923. Archiv fur wissenschaftliche u. praktische Tierheilkunde 50:22–38. Type strain: ATCC 6939 Description: Bergey 8.

C. fascians (Tilford 1936) Dowson 1942 Tilford, P.E. 1936. Journal of Agricultural Research 53:383–394; Dowson, W.J. 1942. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 25:311–314. Type strain: ATCC 12974 Description: Bergey 8.

C. flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Dowson 1942 Hedges, F. 1922. Science (Washington) 55:433–434; Dowson, W.J. 1942. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 25:311–314. Type strain: NCPPB 1446 Description: Bergey 8.

C. flavescens Barksdale, Laneelle, Pollice, Asselineau, Welby and Norgard 1979 Barksdale, L., M.-A. Leneelle, M.C. Pollice, J. Asselineau, M. Welby and M.V. Norgard. 1979. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 29:222–233. Type strain: ATCC 10340 Description: Barksdale, L., M.-A. Laneelle, M.C. Pollice, J. Asselineau, M. Welby and M.V. Norgard. 1979. Ibid.

C. glutamicum (Kinoshita, Nakayama and Akita 1958) Abe, Takayama and Kinoshita 1967 Kinoshita, S., S. Nakayama and S. Akita. 1958. Bulletin of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan 22:176–185; Abe, S., K. Takayama and S. Kinoshita. 1967. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 13:279–301. Type strain: ATCC 13032 Description: Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:399–416.

C. hoagii (Morse 1912) Eberson 1918 Morse, M.E. 1912. Journal of Infectious Diseases 11:253–285; Eberson, F. 1918. Journal of Infectious Diseases 23:1–42. Type strain: ATCC 7005 Description: Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:399–416.

C. ilicis Mandel, Guba and Litsky 1961 Mandel, M., E.F. Guba and W. Litsky. 1961. Bacteriological Proceedings 1961:61. Type strain: ATCC 14264 Description: Dye, D.W. and W.J. Kemp. 1977. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 20:563–582.

C. insidiosum (McCulloch 1925) Jensen 1934 McCulloch, L. 1925. Phytopathology 15:496–497; Jensen, H.J. 1934. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 59:19–61. Type strain: NCPPB 1109 Description: Bergey 8.

C. kutscheri (Migula 1900) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1925 Migula, W. 1900. System der Bakterien, Vol. 2. Gustav Fischer, Jena; Bergey, D.H., F.C. Harrison, R.S. Breed, B.W. Hammer and F.M. Huntoon (eds). 1925. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 2nd ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 1–462. Type strain: ATCC 15677 Description: Bergey 8.

C. lilium Lee and Good 1963 Lee, W.H. and R.C. Good. 1963. Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office 789:1349. Type strain: ATCC 15990 Description: Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:399–416.

C. michiganense (Smith 1910) Jensen 1934 Smith, E.F. 1910. Science (Washington) 31:794–796; Jensen, H.L. 1934. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 59:19–61. Type strain: NCPPB 2979 Description: Bergey 8.

C. nebraskense Vidaver and Mandel 1974 Vidaver, A.K. and M. Mandel. 1974. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:482–485. Type strain: NCPPB 2581 Description: Vidaver, A.K. and M. Mandel. 1974. Ibid.

C. oortii Saaltink and Maas Geesteranus 1969 Saaltink, G.J. and H.P. Maas Geesteranus. 1969. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 75:123–128. Type strain: ATCC 25283 Description: Saaltink, G.J. and H.P. Maas Geesteranus. 1969. Ibid.

C. paurometabolum Steinhaus 1941 Steinhaus, E.A. 1941. Journal of Bacteriology 42:757–790. Type strain: ATCC 8368 Description: Bergey 8.

C. pilosum Yanagawa and Honda 1978 Yanagawa, R. and E. Honda. 1978. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:209–216. Type strain: ATCC 29592 Description: Yanagawa, R. and E. Honda. 1978. Ibid.

C. poinsettiae (Starr and Pirone 1942) Burkholder 1948 Starr, M.P. and P.P. Pirone. 1942. Phytopathology 32:1076–1081; Burkholder, W.H. 1948 in Breed, R.S., E.G.D. Murray and A.P. Hitchens (eds). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore. pp. 381–408. Type strain: ATCC 9682 Description: Bergey 8.

C. pseudodiphtheriticum Lehmann and Neumann 1896 Lehmann, K.B. and R. Neumann. 1896. Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speziellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik. 1st ed. J.F. Lehmann, Munchen. Type strain: ATCC 10700 Description: Bergey 8.

C. pseudotuberculosis (Buchanan 1911) Eberson 1918 Buchanan, R.E. 1911. Veterinary Bacteriology. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia; Eberson, F. 1918. Journal of Infectious Diseases 23:1–42. Type strain: ATCC 19410 Description: Bergey 8.

C. pyogenes (Glage 1903) Eberson 1918 Glage, F. 1903. Zeitschrift fur Fleisch und Milchhygiene 13:166–175; Eberson, F. 1918. Journal of Infectious Diseases 23:1–42. Type strain: ATCC 19411 Description: Bergey 8.

C. rathayi (Smith 1913) Dowson 1942 Smith, E.F. 1913. Science (Washington) 38:926; Dowson, W.J. 1942. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 25:311–314. Type strain: NCPPB 2980 Description: Dye, D.W. and W.J. Kemp. 1977. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 20:563–582.

C. renale (Migula 1900) Ernst 1906 Migula, W. 1900. System der Bakterien, Vol. 2. Gustav Fischer, Jena; Ernst, W. 1906. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung I. 40:79–91. Type strain: ATCC 19412 Description: Bergey 8.

C. sepedonicum (Spieckermann and Kotthoff 1914) Skaptason and Burkholder 1942 Spieckermann, A. and P. Kotthoff. 1914. Landwirischaftliche Jahrbucher Berlin 46:659–732; Skaptason, J.B. and W.H. Burkholder. 1942. Phytopathology 32:439–441. Type strain: ATCC 33113 Description: Bergey 8.

C. striatum (Chester 1901) Eberson 1918 Chester, F.D. 1901. A manual of determinative bacteriology. The Macmillan Co., New York. pp. 1–401; Eberson, F. 1918. Journal of Infectious Diseases 23:1–42. Type strain: ATCC 6940 Description: Bergey 8.

C. xerosis Lehmann and Neumann 1899 Lehmann, K.B. and R. Neumann. 1899. Lehmann's Medizin, Handatlanten X. Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speziellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik. 2. Auflage. 2:1–497. Type strain: ATCC 373 Description: Bergey 8.

Cowdria Moshkovski 1947 Moshkovski, S.D. 1947. Science (Washington) 106:62. Type species: C. ruminantium (Cowdry 1925) Moshkovski 1947 Description: Bergey 8.

C. ruminantium (Cowdry 1925) Moshkovski 1947 Cowdry, E.V. 1925. Journal of Experimental Medicine 42:231–252; Moshkovski, S.D. 1947. Science (Washington) 106:62. Type strain: no culture isolated. Description: Bergey 8.

Coxiella (Philip 1943) Philip 1948 Philip, C.B. 1943. American Journal of Hygiene 37:301–309; Philip, C.B. 1948. Public Health Report 63:58. Type species: C. burnetii (Derrick 1939) Philip 1948 Description: Bergey 8.

C. burnetii (Derrick 1939) Philip 1948 Derrick, E.H. 1939. Medical Journal of Australia 1:14; Philip, C.B. 1948. Public Health Report 63:58. Type strain: ATCC VR 615 Description: Bergey 8.

Crenothrix Cohn 1870 Cohn, F. 1870. Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen 1:108–131. Type species: C. polyspora Cohn 1870 Description: Bergey 8.

C. polyspora Cohn 1870 Cohn, F. 1870. Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen 1:108–131. Type strain: no culture isolated. Description: Bergey 8.

Cristispira Gross 1910 Gross, J. 1910. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel 20:41–93. Type species: C. pectinis Gross 1910 Description: Bergey 8.

C. pectinis Gross 1910 Gross, J. 1910. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel 20:41–93. Type strain: no culture isolated. Description: Bergey 8.

Curtobacterium Yamada and Komagata 1972 Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:417–431. Type species: C. citreum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Yamada and Komagata 1972 Description: Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Ibid.

C. albidum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Yamada and Komagata 1972 Komagata, K. and H. Iizuka. 1964. Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan 38:496–502; Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:417–431. Type strain: ATCC 15831 Description: Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1962. Ibid.

C. citreum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Yamada and Komagata 1972 Komagata, K. and H. Iizuka. 1964. Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan 38:496–502; Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:417–431. Type strain: ATCC 15828 Description: Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Ibid.

C. luteum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Yamada and Komagata 1972 Komagata, K. and H. Iizuka. 1964. Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan 38:496–502; Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:417–431. Type strain: IAM 1623 Description: Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Ibid.

C. pusillum (Iizuka and Komagata 1965) Yamada and Komagata 1972 Iizuka, H. and K. Komagata. 1965. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 11:1–14; Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:417–431. Type strain: ATCC 19096 Description: Yamada, K. amd K. Komagata. 1972. Ibid.

C. saperdae (Lysenko 1959) Yamada and Komagata 1972 Lysenko, O. 1959. Journal of Insect Pathology 1:34–42; Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:417–431. Type strain: ATCC 19272 Description: Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Ibid.

C. testaceum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Yamada and Komagata 1972 Komagata, K. and H. Iizuka. 1964. Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan 38:496–502; Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 18:417–431. Type strain: ATCC 15829 Description: Yamada, K. and K. Komagata. 1972. Ibid.

Cystobacter Schroeter 1886 Schroeter, J. 1885–1889 in Cohn, F. Kryptogamenflora von Schlesien. Band 3, Heft 3, Pilze J.U. Kern's Verlag, Breslau. pp. 1–814. Type species: C. fuscus Schroeter 1886 Description: Bergey 8.

C. ferrugineus (Krzemieniewska and Krzemieniewski 1927) McCurdy 1970 Krzemieniewska, H. and S. Krzemieniewski. 1927. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 5:79–98; McCurdy, H.D. 1970. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 20:283–296. Type strain: Windsor M-203 Description: Bergey 8.

C. fuscus Schroeter 1886 Schroeter, J. 1885–1889 in Cohn, F. Kryptogamenflora von Schlesien. Band 3, Heft 3, Pilze J.U. Kern's Verlag, Breslau. pp. 1–814. Type strain: ATCC 25194 Description: Bergey 8.

C. minus (Krzemieniewska and Krzemieniewski 1926) McCurdy 1970 Krzemieniewska, H. and S. Krzemieniewski. 1926. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 4:1–54; McCurdy, H.D. 1970. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 20:283–296. Type strain: Windsor M-307 Description: Bergey 8.

Cytophaga Winogradsky 1929 Winogradsky, S. 1929. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 43:549–633. Type species: C. hutchinsonii Winogradsky 1929 Description: Bergey 8.

C. aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978 Strohl, W.R. and L.R. Tait. 1978. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:293–303. Type strain: ATCC 29551 Description: Strohl, W.R. and L.R. Tait. 1978. Ibid.

C. fermentans Bachmann 1955 Bachmann, B.J. 1955. Journal of General Microbiology 13:541–551. Type strain: ATCC 19072 Description: Bergey 8.

C. flevensis van der Meulen, Harder and Veldkamp 1974 van der Meulen, H.J., W. Harder and H. Veldkamp. 1974. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology 40:329–346. Type strain: ATCC 27944 Description: van der Meulen, H.J., W. Harder and H. Veldkamp. 1974. Ibid.

C. hutchinsonii Winogradsky 1929 Winogradsky, S. 1929. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (Paris) 43:549–633. Type strain: NCIB 9469 Description: Bergey 8.

C. johnsonae Stanier 1947 Stanier, R.Y. 1947. Journal of Bacteriology 53:297–315. Type strain: ATCC 17061 Description: Bergey 8.

C. latercula Lewin 1969 Lewin, R.A. 1969. Journal of General Microbiology 58:189–206. Type strain: ATCC 23177 Description: Lewin, R.A. 1969. Ibid.

C. lytica Lewin 1969 Lewin, R.A. 1969. Journal of General Microbiology 58:189–206. Type strain: ATCC 23178 Description: Lewin, R.A. 1969. Ibid.

C. salmonicolor Veldkamp 1961 Veldkamp, H. 1961. Journal of General Microbiology 26:331–342. Type strain: ATCC 19041 Description: Veldkamp, H. 1961. Ibid