Glenohumeral ligaments

In addition to the coracohumeral ligament, three supplemental bands, which are named the glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, and inferior), strengthen the capsule.

These may be best seen by opening the capsule at the back of the joint and removing the head of the humerus.


 * One on the medial side of the joint passes from the medial edge of the glenoid cavity to the lower part of the lesser tubercle of the humerus.


 * A second at the lower part of the joint extends from the under edge of the glenoid cavity to the under part of the anatomical neck of the humerus.


 * A third at the upper part of the joint is fixed above to the apex of the glenoid cavity close to the root of the coracoid process, and passing downward along the medial edge of the tendon of the Biceps brachii, is attached below to a small depression above the lesser tubercle of the humerus.

In addition to these, the capsule is strengthened in front by two bands derived from the tendons of the Pectoralis major and Teres major respectively.