Hyperchloremic acidosis

Hyperchloremic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap, a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration, and in an increase in plasma chloride concentration (see anion gap for a fuller explanation).

Causes

 * Renal tubular acidosis failure of HCO3- resorption(i.e. proximal renal tubular acidosis) or failure of H+ secretion (ie in distal renal tubular acidosis)
 * Renal failure
 * Gastrointestinal loss of HCO3- with diarrhea (vomiting will tend to cause hypochloraemic alkalosis).
 * Ingestions
 * Ammonium chloride, Hydrochloric acid
 * Hyperalimentation fluids (i.e. total parenteral nutrition)


 * Alcohol (such as ethanol) can effect anion gap by inducing alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme.