Dulong-Petit law

The Dulong-Petit law, a chemical law proposed in 1819 by French physicists and chemists Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit, states the classical expression for the specific heat capacity of a crystal due to its lattice vibrations.

The result is extremely simple; regardless of the nature of the crystal, the specific heat capacity (measured in joule per kelvin per kilogram) is equal to 3R/M, where R is the gas constant (measured in joule per kelvin per mole) and M is the molar mass (measured in kilogram per mole). In other words, the dimensionless heat capacity is equal to 3.

Despite its simplicity, Dulong-Petit law offers fairly good prediction for the specific heat capacity of solids with relatively simple crystal structure at high temperatures. It fails, however, in the low temperature region, where the quantum mechanical nature of the solid manifests itself. There, the Debye model works well.