Mexican Sign Language

Mexican Sign Language (“lengua de señas mexicana” or LSM, also known by several other names), is the language of the Deaf community in the urban regions of Mexico. It is the preferred language of 87,000 to 100,000 signers (1986 T. C. Smith-Stark), making it larger than many whole families of indigenous languages in the country.

Geographic distribution and variation
Core signing populations are found in Mexico City, followed by Guadalajara and Monterrey, with a number of smaller cities containing signing communities. Some regional variation is found (80%-90% lexical similarity across the country according to Faurot et al. 2001).

Variation is high between age groups and people of different religious backgrounds.

Relationship of LSM to Spanish
LSM is quite distinct from Spanish, with completely different verb inflections, different preferences for word order and little use of the verb to be. However, there is extensive use of initialised signs with one study finding 37% of a 100-word list are initialised, compared to 14% for American Sign Language (Faurot et al. 2001). The same authors suggest that the Deaf community's comprehension of the Spanish language is very low.

The term "Signed Spanish” refers to signing that uses LSM signs (lexicon) in a Spanish word order, with some representations of Spanish morphology. There is a group of suffixes that signed Spanish uses in a way similar to that of signed English, e.g. signed symbols for -dor and -ción (for nouns). Articles and pronouns are fingerspelled. Signed Spanish (or Pidgin Signed Spanish) is used by interpreters and during public reading or song-leading.

Relationship to other sign languages
LSM is widely believed by the Deaf community to have derived from Old French Sign Language (OFSL), which combined with pre-existing local sign languages and home sign systems when deaf schools were first established in 1869. However, it is mutually unintelligible with American Sign Language, which emerged from OFSL 50 years earlier in the US.

LSM may have been influenced by Spanish Sign Language.

Status
In 2003, Mexican Sign Language was officially declared a "national language", alongside with Spanish and indigenous languages, to be used in the national education system for the deaf. Before then the major educational philosophy in the country focused on oralism (speech and lipreading) and with few schools that conducted classes in LSM.

A 5-minute signed segment of a nightly television news program was broadcast in Signed Spanish in the mid 1980s, then again in the early 1990s, discontinued in 1992, and resumed as a 2-minute summary of headlines in 1997.

Alternate names

 * Seña Español ("Spanish Sign" - LSM is widely known by this name among the Deaf Community in Mexico, although the language is unrelated to Spanish)
 * Lenguaje de señas mexicano
 * Lenguaje de las Manos
 * Lenguaje Manual Mexicano