Hypertrophy of the heart

Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Hypertrophy
(In alphabetical order, not by frequency)

Left Atrial Enlargement

 * Atrial aneurysm
 * Infective endocarditis
 * Left heart failure
 * Mitral regurgitation
 * Mitral stenosis
 * Mitral valve prolapse
 * Myxedema
 * Patent Ductus Arteriosus
 * Ventricular septal defect

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

 * Acromegaly
 * Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
 * Aortic coarctation
 * Aortic regurgitation
 * Aortic stenosis
 * Chronic Renal Failure
 * Familial dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
 * Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
 * Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
 * Mitral regurgitation
 * Patent Ductus Arteriosus
 * Restrictive cardiomyopathy
 * Thalassemia

Right Atrial Enlargement

 * Atrial aneurysm
 * Atrial septal defect
 * Ebstein's anomaly
 * Pulmonic stenosis
 * Right heart failure
 * Tricuspid prolapse
 * Tricuspid regurgitation
 * Tricuspid stenosis
 * Tumor

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

 * Atrial septal defect
 * Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
 * Cor pulmonale
 * Eisenmenger's Syndrome
 * Left ventricular hypertrophy or Left ventricular dilation
 * Mitral stenosis
 * Pickwickian Syndrome
 * Pulmonic regurgitation
 * Pulmonic stenosis
 * Tetralogy of Fallot
 * Transposition of the Great Vessels
 * Tricuspid regurgitation
 * Ventricular septal defect

Pathological Findings
Images shown below are courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

Additional Reading

 * Moss and Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents Hugh D. Allen, Arthur J. Moss, David J. Driscoll, Forrest H. Adams, Timothy F. Feltes, Robert E. Shaddy, 2007 ISBN 0781786843
 * Braunwald's Heart Disease, Libby P, 8th ed., 2007, ISBN 978-1-41-604105-4
 * Hurst's the Heart, Fuster V, 12th ed. 2008, ISBN 978-0-07-149928-6
 * Willerson JT, Cardiovascular Medicine, 3rd ed., 2007, ISBN 978-1-84628-188-4