Sister Mary Joseph nodule

Overview
The Sister Mary Joseph nodule or node, also called Sister Mary Joseph sign, refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus as a result of metastasis of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or abdomen.

Gastrointestinal malignancies account for about half of underlying sources (most commonly gastric cancer, colon cancer or pancreatic cancer, mostly of the tail and body of the pancreas ), and men are even more likely to have an underlying cancer of the gastrointestinal tract.

Gynecological cancers account for about 1 in 4 cases (primarily ovarian cancer and also uterine cancer). Unknown primary tumors and rarely, urinary or respiratory tract malignancies cause umbilical metastases. How exactly the metastases reach the umbilicus remains largely unknown. Proposed mechanisms for the spread of cancer cells to the umbilicus include direct transperitoneal spread, via the lymphatics which run alongside the obliterated umbilical vein, hematogenous spread, or via remnant structures such as the falciform ligament, median umbilical ligament, or a remnant of the vitelline duct. Sister Joseph nodule is associated with multiple peritoneal metastases and a poor prognosis.

Eponym
Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey (born Julia Dempsey; 1856-1939) was the surgical assistant of William J. Mayo at St. Mary's Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota from 1890 to 1915. She drew Mayo's attention to the phenomenon, and he published an article about it in 1928.

The eponymous term Sister Mary Joseph nodule was coined in 1949 by Hamilton Bailey.