Pancreatic pseudocyst (patient information)

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 * Assistant Editor-in-Chief: Meagan E. Doherty

Overview
A pancreatic pseudocyst is a fluid-filled sac in the abdomen, which may also contain tissue from the pancreas, pancreatic enzymes, and blood.

What are the symptoms of Pancreatic pseudocyst?
Symptoms can occur within days to months after an attack of pancreatitis, and include:
 * Bloating of the abdomen
 * Constant pain or deep ache in the abdomen, which may also be felt in the back
 * Difficulty eating and digesting food

What are the causes of Pancreatic pseudocyst?
Pancreatic pseudocysts most often develop after an episode of severe, acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis is sudden swelling (inflammation) of the pancreas. The cyst happens when the ducts (tubes) in the pancreas are damaged by the inflammation or swelling that occurs during pancreatitis.

A pancreatic pseudocyst may also occur after trauma to the abdomen, and in someone with chronic pancreatitis.

Who is at risk for Pancreatic pseudocyst?

 * Patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis
 * Patients who endure some type of trauma to the abdomen, especially small children

How to know you have Pancreatic pseudocyst?
The health care provider may palpate your abdomen to feel for a pseudocyst, which feels like a mass in the middle or left upper abdomen.

Tests that may help diagnose pancreatic pseudocyst include:
 * Abdominal CT scan
 * Abdominal MRI
 * Abdominal ultrasound

When to seek urgent medical care
Rupture of the pseudocyst is an emergency situation. Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you develop symptoms of bleeding or shock, such as:
 * Fainting
 * Fever and chills
 * Rapid heartbeat
 * Severe abdominal pain

Treatment options
Treatment depends on the size of the pseudocyst and whether it is causing symptoms. Many pseudocysts go away on their own. Those that remain for more than 6 weeks and are larger than 5 cm in diameter often need surgery.

Surgical treatments include:
 * Drainage through the skin (percutaneous) using a needle, usually guided by a CT scan
 * Endoscopic-assisted drainage using an endoscope (a tube containing a camera and a light that is passed down into the stomach)
 * Surgical drainage of the pseudocyst, which involves making a connection between the cyst and the stomach or small intestine. This may be done using a laparoscope.

Diseases with similar symptoms

 * pancreatitis

Where to find medical care for Pancreatic pseudocyst
Directions to Hospitals Treating Pancreatic pseudocyst

Prevention of Pancreatic pseudocyst
The way to prevent pancreatic pseudocysts is is by preventing pancreatitis. If pancreatitis is caused by gallstones, it is usually necessary to remove the gallbladder with surgery (cholecystectomy). When pancreatitis occurs due to alcohol abuse, the patient must stop drinking alcohol to prevent future attacks.

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)
The outcome is generally good with treatment.

Possible Complications

 * A pancreatic abscess can develop if the pseudocyst becomes infected
 * The pseudocyst can break open (rupture), which can be a serious complication because shock and excess bleeding (hemorrhage) may develop
 * The pseudocyst may press down on (compress) nearby organs