DARPP-32

DARPP-32 stands for dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein with molecular weight 32 kDa. DARPP-32 is also the name of the gene that creates the protein.

It was discovered by Paul Greengard and co-workers.

DARPP32 is related to dopamine, glutamate and adenosine; and may be related to schizophrenia , Parkinson's disease or EPS (Extra-pyramidal symptoms).

A considerable proportion of the psychomotor effects of cannabinoids can be accounted for by a signaling cascade in striatal projection neurons involving PKA-dependent phosphorylation of DARPP-32, achieved via modulation of dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A transmission.

Currently there is strong evidence that DARPP-32 may be the shared chain in the action of multiple drugs including cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine, caffeine, LSD, PCP, ethanol and morphine

The DARPP-32 gene
A common version of the DARPP-32 gene has been shown to improve the transfer of information between the striatum and the prefrontal cortex. When this process works well it leads to improved and more flexible cognition.

However this same version of the gene has been linked to an increased risk of schizophrenia. While this gene typically improves cognitive ability, it may have a negative effect when other genetic and environmental factors interfere.