Alexander Nikolayevich Lebedev

Alexander Nikolayevich Lebedev (1869 - 1937) was a Russian biochemist. He is known for his early experiments on the biochemical basis of behavior. Lebedev apprenticed as a student with physiologist and psychologist Ivan Pavlov, becoming familiar with various techniques involved used in behavioral psychology. Lebedev developed a theory that behavior in general, and specifically conditioned behavior had a biochemical rather than psychological basis. He began his studies in biochemistry in Moscow State University obtaining a doctorate in 1898. He then proceeded to publish widely on the topic of "biochemistry of the mind" and is considered by some to have pioneered the field of Neuropharmacology.

Source
Cooper D.M. Russian science reader, Oxford, Pergamon Press; NY, Macmillan (1964).