Aspiration pneumonia (patient information)

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Overview
Aspiration pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs and airways to the lungs (bronchial tubes) from breathing in foreign material. Aspiration pneumonia occurs when foreign materials (usually food, liquids, vomit, or fluids from the mouth) are breathed into the lungs or airways leading to the lungs. This may lead to:
 * A collection of pus in the lungs (lung abscess)
 * Swelling and inflammation in the lung
 * A lung infection (pneumonia)

What are the symptoms?
o With foul-smelling phlegm (sputum) o With sputum containing pus or blood o With greenish sputum Other symptoms that can occur with this disease:
 * Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen
 * Chest pain
 * Cough
 * Fatigue
 * Fever
 * Shortness of breath
 * Wheezing
 * Breath odor
 * Excessive sweating
 * Swallowing difficulty

What causes Aspiration pneumonia?
Risk factors for aspiration or breathing in of foreign material into the lungs are: Acidic material that is breathed into the lungs can cause severe lung injury. However, it may not necessarily lead to pneumonia.
 * Being less alert due to medicines, illness, or other reasons
 * Coma
 * Disorders of the esophagus, the tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach (esophageal stricture, gastroesophageal reflux)
 * Drinking large amounts of alcohol
 * Medicine to put you into a deep sleep for surgery (general anesthesia)
 * Old age
 * Poor gag reflex in people who are not alert (unconscious or semi-conscious) after a stroke or brain injury
 * Problems with swallowing

Who is at highest risk?
Patients with decreased immunity.

When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider, go to the emergency room, or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have:
 * Chest pain
 * Chills
 * Fever
 * Shortness of breath
 * Wheezing

Diagnosis
A physical examination may reveal: The following tests may also help diagnose this condition:
 * Crackling sounds in the lungs
 * Decreased oxygen
 * Rapid pulse (heart rate)
 * Arterial blood gas
 * Blood culture
 * Bronchoscopy
 * Chest x-ray
 * Complete blood count (CBC)
 * CT scan of the chest
 * Sputum culture
 * Swallowing studies

Treatment options
Some people may need to be hospitalized. Treatment depends on the severity of the pneumonia. You may receive antibiotics, which treat bacteria. Some people may get special antibiotics to treat bacteria that live in the mouth. The type of bacteria that caused the pneumonia depends on: You may need to have your swallowing function tested. Patients who have trouble swallowing may need to use other feeding methods to reduce the risk of aspiration.
 * Your health
 * Where you live (at home or in a long-term nursing facility, for example)
 * Whether you've recently been hospitalized
 * Recent antibiotic use

Where to find medical care for Aspiration pneumonia?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Aspiration pneumonia

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
The outcome depends on: If acute respiratory failure develops, the patient may have a long-term illness or die. Many people who have aspiration pneumonia have other serious health problems, which may affect the outlook for recovery.
 * The severity of the pneumonia
 * The type of bacteria causing the pneumonia
 * How much of the lungs are involved

Possible complications

 * Acute respiratory distress syndrome
 * Low blood pressure
 * Pneumonia with lung abscess
 * Shock
 * Spread of infection to the bloodstream (bacteremia)
 * Spread of infection to other areas of the body