Mouth ulcers (patient information)

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Overview
Mouth ulcers are sores or open lesions in the mouth.

What are the symptoms of Mouth ulcers?
Symptoms vary and depend on the specific cause of the mouth ulcer. In general, symptoms may include:


 * Open sores in the mouth
 * Pain or discomfort in the mouth

What causes Mouth ulcers?
Mouth ulcers are caused by many disorders. These include:


 * Canker sores
 * Gingivostomatitis
 * Herpes simplex (fever blister)
 * Leukoplakia
 * Oral cancer
 * Oral lichen planus
 * Oral thrush

The skin lesion of histoplasmosis may also appear as a mouth ulcer.

Who is at highest risk?
Individuals who have been diagnosed with these conditions may have a higher risk:


 * Canker sores
 * Gingivostomatitis
 * Herpes simplex (fever blister)
 * Leukoplakia
 * Oral cancer
 * Oral lichen planus
 * Oral thrush

Diagnosis
A health care provider or dentist usually diagnoses the type of mouth ulcer, based on its appearance and location. Blood tests or a biopsy of the ulcer may be needed to confirm the cause.

When to seek urgent medical care?
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if your mouth ulcers don't go away after 3 weeks. Call for an appointment with your health care provider if mouth ulcers return frequently, or if new symptoms develop.

Treatment options
The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms. The cause, if known, should be treated.

Gentle, thorough oral hygiene may relieve some of the symptoms. Topical (rubbed on) antihistamines, antacids, corticosteroids, or other soothing preparations may be recommended for applying directly to the ulcer.

Avoid hot or spicy foods, which often increase the pain of mouth ulcers.

Where to find medical care for Mouth ulcers?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Mouth ulcers

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
The outcome varies depending on the cause of the ulcer. Many mouth ulcers are harmless and heal without treatment.

There are types of cancer, however, that may first appear as a mouth ulcer that does not heal. See: Squamous cell carcinoma

Possible complications

 * Cellulitis of the mouth, from secondary bacterial infection of ulcers
 * Dental infections (tooth abscesses)
 * Oral cancer
 * Spread of contagious disorders to other people

Prevention of Mouth ulcers
Good oral hygiene may help prevent some types of mouth ulcers, as well as some complications from mouth ulcers. Good oral hygiene includes brushing the teeth at least twice per day, flossing at least daily, and getting regular professional dental cleanings and examinations.