Pinguecula (patient information)

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 * Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Erin E. Lord

Overview
A pinguecula is a common, non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva (the mucus membrane lining the eyeball and underside of the eyelids).

What are the symptoms of pinguecula?
A pinguecula is a small, yellowish nodule on the conjunctiva near the cornea. It can appear on either side of the cornea, but usually appears on the nasal side. It may increase in size over many years.

What are the causes of pinguecula?
The cause is unknown, but chronic sunlight exposure and eye irritation may contribute to its development.

Who is at highest risk?
People who are exposed to a great deal of sunlight (and consequently UV light), who live in tropical climates, and who suffer from eye irritation are at an increased risk of pinguecula. Certain occupations that may potentially damage the eyes, such as welding, also increase the risk.

How to know you have pinguecula?
An eye examination is often enough to diagnose this disorder. It is to be distinguished clinically from pterygium, which is a wedge shaped area of fibrosis that appears to grow into the cornea.

When to seek urgent medical care
Urgent medical care is not usually necessary for pinguecula. If the size, shape, or color of a pinguecula changes, or if it starts to impair vision, an eye doctor should be seen.

Treatment options
Usually no treatment is needed. Lubrication with artificial tears, and sometimes the temporary use of mild steroid eye drops can be helpful. Rarely, the growth may need to be removed to alleviate discomfort. Additionally, some choose to have it surgically removed for cosmetic reasons.

Diseases with similar symptoms
See also:
 * Pterygium

Where to find medical care for pinguecula
Directions to Hospitals Treating pinguecula

Prevention of pinguecula
It is not known whether this condition can be fully prevented. However, it may help to avoid eye irritants and to wear good quality sunglasses to block harmful UV rays.

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)
This condition is non-cancerous and the outlook is good.