Androgen-binding protein

Androgen-binding protein (ABP) is a glycoprotein (beta-globulin) produced by the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis that binds specifically to testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 17-beta-estradiol.

By binding to T and DHT these hormones are made less lipophilic and become concentrated within the luminal fluid of the seminiferous tubules. The higher levels of these hormones enable spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules and sperm maturation in the epididymis.

ABP has the same amino acid sequence as sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG); the difference is the site of production and the addition of different sugar moieties. ABP contains 403 amino acids resulting in a molecular weight of 44,533. Its gene is located on chromosome 17.

ABP’s production is regulated under influence of FSH on Sertoli cell, enhanced by insulin, retinol, and testosterone.

ABP may also be secreted in other organs, for instance mice produce a salivary ABP.