Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [mailto:mgibson@perfuse.org]

Synonyms and Related Terms: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or HCM, Asymmetric septal hypertrophy or ASH, Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, HOCM, Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis or IHSS, familial isolated hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, familial isolated hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, familial or idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, familial or idiopathic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, primitive hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, primitive hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, muscular subaortic stenosis, apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is also known as nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Japanese variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or the Yamaguchi variant (since the first cases described were all in individuals of Japanese descent).

Pathophysiology
Genetics | Histopathologic Abnormalities | Anatomic Abnormalities | Outflow Obstruction | Ischemia | Arrhythmogenesis

Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical examination | Electrocardiogram | Echocardiography | Cardiac MRI | Cardiac CT | Positron Emission Tomography | Cardiac Catheterization | Electrophysiologic study | Pathological Findings

Treatment

 * Treatment Strategy


 * Medical therapy: Supportive Therapy | Pharmacotherapy | Pharmacotherapy Guidelines


 * Invasive therapies: Alcohol Septal Ablation | Septal Myectomy | Ventricular Pacing | Automatic Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (AICD) Placement | Septal Reduction Therapy Guidelines


 * Cardiac transplantation

Special Patient Populations
Hypotension/Cardiovascular collapse | Pregnancy

Screening:
Genetic Testing Strategies / Family Screening | Genotype-Positive / Phenotype-Negative Patients

Diagnostic testing:
Electrocardiogram | Echocardiography | Stress Echocardiography | Stress Testing | Cardiac Magnetic Resonance | Cardiac CT | Positron Emission Tomography

Management:

 * Asymptomatic patients: Asymptomatic patients


 * Symptomatic patints: Pharmacologic Management | Invasive Therapies | Alcohol septal ablation | Septal Myectomy | Pacing | Selection of Patients for ICDs | Selection of ICD-Device type | Selection of Patients for Heart Transplantation


 * Special Clinical Scenarios: Patients With LV Systolic Dysfunction | Sudden cardiac death Risk Stratification | Participation in Competitive or Recreational Sports and Physical Activity | Management of Atrial Fibrillation | Pregnancy/Delivery

Guideline Resources
2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Resources

 * Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association
 * Cardiomyopathy Association
 * Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Research Foundation