User:C Michael Gibson

C. Michael Gibson M.S., M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School

Founder and Chairman of the Board, WikiDoc Foundation (a 509 (a)(1) Charitable Organization)

Contact: mgibson@wikidoc.org[mailto:mgibson@wikidoc.org]; Phone 617-632-7753

Mailing Address: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D., 185 Pilgrim Road, Deaconess 319, Boston MA, 02215.

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C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. is an interventional cardiologist, cardiovascular researcher and educator who pioneered our understanding of the "open artery hypothesis" as well our understanding of the importance of restoring flow downstream in the capillary bed in the "open microvasculature hypothesis". He has led his own Academic Research Organization (PERFUSE) for over 20 years now, and his work has been presented in over 1000 manuscripts, abstracts, trial summaries, textbooks and textbook chapters. He is Founder and Chairman of the Board of the non-profit WikiDoc foundation, the world's largest open source textbook of medicine.

Education and Academic Positions
Dr. Gibson received his B.S., M.S., and M.D. degrees from the University of Chicago. He was an Intern, Resident and Chief Resident at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School. He received his training as an interventional cardiologist and served as the Director of the Coronary Care Unit at Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Dr. Gibson then served as the Chief of Cardiology and Director of Interventional Cardiology at the West Roxbury Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Harvard Medical School. While at the West Roxbury VA, he also served as an Associate Physician at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital. He then moved on to Allegheny General Hospital as Vice Chairman of Medicine for Clinical Research and Director of Invasive Cardiology. He subsequently relocated to the west coast and served as Associate Chief of Cardiology, Chief of Interventional Cardiology and Director of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory at University of California San Francisco (UCSF). In 2000, Gibson returned to Harvard Medical School in Boston. Until 2003, Dr. Gibson served as Chief Academic Officer and Director of Core Services at Harvard Clinical Research Institute (HCRI), until 2005 he served as Associate Chief of Cardiology and Director of Academic Affairs in the Cardiovascular Division at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Until 2009 he served as the Director of the TIMI Data Coordinating Center at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital. He is currently a full time interventional cardiologist and Chief of Clinical Research in the Cardiovascular Division at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School.

Research
Dr. Gibson’s work has largely focused on investigating the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease and the efficacy of pharmacologic and device based therapies. His work has been presented in over 1000 manuscripts, abstracts, trial summaries, textbooks and textbook chapters.

Over 20 years ago, Gibson founded PERFUSE, an academic research organization which has served as the angiographic, MRI, CT and EKG core laboratory and data coordinating center for a wide variety of studies including trials in acute coronary syndromes, antiplatelets, antithrombins, reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis regression, new devices, angiogenesis, and new imaging modalities. Gibson directed the TIMI angiographic core laboratory and invented the TIMI frame count (CTFC) in which the number of cineframes for dye to reach standardized distal landmarks is counted (an index of epicardial blood flow). Gibson also invented the TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (the blush, a measure of microvascular perfusion). The TIMI frame count and the TIMI myocardial perfusion grade are both multivariate predictors of 2 year mortality in acute MI, and are now widely used both clinically and in the assessment of new reperfusion strategies. The methods invented by Gibson and his research have played a critical role in our understanding of "the open artery hypothesis" and more recently in what Gibson has termed "the open microvasculature hypothesis". On Google scholar, the TIMI Frame Count is listed as being cited in over 1900 articles (for updated numbers click here) and the TIMI myocardial perfusion grade is listed as being cited in over 800 articles (for updated numbers click here).

Under Gibson's direction, PERFUSE created the master database that unified data from over 25 years of TIMI studies (TIMI 1-50) in nearly 100,000 patients and coordinated data analyses for the TIMI study group and functioned as the TIMI Data Coordinating Center.

Within the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group, Dr. Gibson has served as a Principle Investigator of multiple international trials within the TIMI Study Chairman’s Office.

Dr. Gibson's specific research interests include the following:


 * Acute Coronary Syndrome Research Including unstable angina, non ST elevation MI and ST elevation MI: Gibson invented the angiographic endpoints that are used in assessing drug and device therapies such as the TIMI frame count and the TIMI myocardial perfusion grade. He has been the principal investigator of trials of novel thrombolytic agents (BB 10153) and novel mechanisms of delivery of thrombolytic agents such as ICE T – TIMI 49 (Intra-coronary Tenecteplase During Balloon Angioplasty). Gibson led the angiographic core laboratory analysis of a number of thrombolytic trials (TIMI4 (tPA and APSAC), TIMI 10 trials (TNK), ADVANCE MI (TNK + eptifibatide), TIMI 14 (lytic + abciximab), FASTER (lytic + aggrastat), CLARITY (lytic + clopidogrel), STEP AMI (lytic + cangrelor)


 * Antiplatelet Trials: Gibson has led trials of glycoprotein 2b3a inhibitor inhibition (PROTECT, TITAN), thienopyridine trials such as the TRITON study of prasugrel, trials of novel antiplatelets such as elinogrel (ERASE MI), and is a member of the executive committee of trials of cangrelor. Gibson led the angiographic core laboratory for trials of eptifibatide (ESPRIT, INTEGRITI, ADVANCE MI, TITAN, EARLY ACS), abciximab (TIMI 14, INFUSE AMI, IC Clearly), and tirofiban (FASTER, TACTICS), clopidogrel (CLARITY TIMI 28), ticagrelor (PLATO) and cangrelor (STEP AMI).


 * Antithrombin Trials: Gibson has led large scale international trials of novel antithrombins such as the development of rivaroxaban, a factor Xa inhibitor (ATLAS TIMI 46 and 51).  Gibson has led angiographic core laboratory efforts in the evaluation of rNAPc2 (a fVIIa/TF inhibitor) in the ANTHEM study, and the SEPIA-ACS1 TIMI 42 (Study Program to Evaluate the Prevention of Ischemia with direct Anti-Xa inhibition in Acute Coronary Syndromes 1 - Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 42).


 * Reperfusion Injury Trials: Gibson has led the angiographic core laboratory analysis of reperfusion injury trials such as the LIMIT trial of rhuMAb CD18, the DELTA MI trial (Direct Inhibition of δ Protein Kinase C Enzyme to Limit Total Infarct Size in Acute Myocardial Infarction), the INOT-44 trial  (Nitric Oxide in Myocardial Infarction Size (NOMI), and the INTESIVE trial (Apidra®/Lantus® therapy versus Sliding Scale Insulin on infarct size in hyperglycemic subjects with anterior STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).


 * Atherosclerosis Regression Trials: Gibson’s career started with the Harvard Atherosclerosis Reversibility Project where he developed the angiographic and statistical methodology to conduct angiographic atherosclerosis regression trials. Gibson participated in and has published manuscripts from the PROVE It study.  Gibson has served as the site PI for trials of medical therapy in stable angina (the AVERT study).


 * New Device Trials: Gibson has led new device studies such as novel delivery systems for intracoronary therapies such as the Clearway catheter in the INFUSE AMI and IC Clearly trials, and aspiration thrombectomy (INFUSE AMI). He has served as the angiographic core laboratory for trials of perfusion balloons, directional atherectomy, self expanding stents, therapeutic ultrasound studies (PLUS) and markers of saphenous vein graft proximal connectors (PAS-Port (Study of the PAS-Port® Proximal Anastomosis System in Coronary Bypass Surgery (EPIC)).


 * Imaging Trials: Gibson has served as the angiographic core laboratory for trials of new echocardiographic contrast agents (ECHOGEN) vs angiography, and positron emission tomography (PET) vs angiography trials.


 * CMR Core Laboratory Trials: Gibson is co-principal investigator of CMR core laboratory studies such as ALLAY (efficacy and safety of aliskiren in combination with Losartan compared to Losartan), the TRACS Study (The Effects of Fx-1006A on Transthyretin Stabilization and Clinical Outcome Measures in Patients With Non-V30M Transthyretin Amyloidosis), the ACT-34 CMI (Autologous Cellular Therapy Utilizing CD34+ Cells), the INTESIVE trial (Apidra®/Lantus® therapy versus Sliding Scale Insulin on infarct size in hyperglycemic subjects with anterior STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)), and the FX1B-201 Study (Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Fx-1006A in Patients With V122I or Wild-Type Transthyretin (TTR) Amyloid Cardiomyopathy).


 * CT Angiographic Core Laboratory Trials: Gibson has led the CT core laboratory for trials such as the markers of saphenous vein graft proximal connectors (PAS-Port (Study of the PAS-Port® Proximal Anastomosis System in Coronary Bypass Surgery (EPIC)).


 * Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trials: Gibson led the angiographic core laboratory analysis of the PREVENT 4 study (Project of Ex-vivo Vein Graft Engineering via Transfection) of 2200 patients.


 * New Electrocardiography Technology Trials: Gibson is the leader of trials of an implantable technology (the AngelMed Guardian Device) designed to monitor and alert the patient to the presence of ST segment elevation (ALERT AMI trial). Gibson has led the angiographic core laboratory for trials such as OCCULT MI study of 84 lead EKG technologies (Optimal Cardiovascular Diagnostic Evaluation Enabling Faster Treatment of Myocardial Infarction). Gibson's team has also served as an EKG core laboratory.


 * Angiogenesis Trials: Gibson assessed angiographic endpoints in early trials of angiogenesis (VIVA trial).


 * NIH Studies: Gibson has led the angiographic core laboratory for a number of NIH studies including the Harvard Atherosclerosis Reversibility Project (HARP), the PEARL study of estrogens in restenosis, and the ASCERT study comparing PCI to CABG.

Textbooks
Dr. Gibson is Founder and Chairman of the Board of WikiDoc Foundation (a 509 (a)(1) Charitable Organization). This is the world's largest medical textbook / encyclopedia. There are currently over 30,000 page views daily of over 162,000 chapters of content contributed and edited over 520,000 times by over 6,800 registered users. In 2010, WikiDoc was selected as a Google Grant recipient. Dr. Gibson has personally made over 61,000 edits to WikiDoc.

Dr. Gibson also edits a textbook entitled “Gibson's Treatment Strategies in Interventional Cardiology” which is optimized for hand held devices. In the past, Gibson has authored the chapter on Primary Angioplasty in Randomized Trials in Cardiovascular Disease published as a companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease. In the past he has co-authored the chapter “Recognition and Management of Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris" in Braunwald and Goldman’s Primary Cardiology. He has served as lead author of the section on myocardial perfusion imaging in an imaging textbook which is a companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease.  Gibson has authored the chapter “Profiles in Coronary Artery Disease” in the fifth and sixth editions of Grossman and Baim’s Textbook of Interventional Cardiology.

Editorial Boards
Dr. Gibson is on the editorial board of Circulation, the Journal of the American College of Cardiology Interventions, Cardiac Catheterization and Intervention and the American Heart Journal.

Internet Educational Sites
Dr. Gibson is Founder and Editor-in-Chief of Clinical Trial Results where he created the first weekly TV show for Cardiologists "This Week in Cardiology" and has provided slides summarizing clinical trials since 1999. Gibson also created TIMI.org, the website of the TIMI Study Group.

Awards


Dr. Gibson graduated from college Phi Beta Kappa, and from medical school Alpha Omega Alpha, both from the University of Chicago. In 1993 he was selected as the Julian and Eunice Cohen Scholar in Medicine at the Brigham and Women's Hospital.

In conjunction with delivering the opening plenary lecture at the 10th annual Great Wall of China Symposium in 2003, Gibson was awarded the Gold Medal by the Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese Peoples Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing China for his achievements in cardiovascular science.

In 2005, the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, Poland awarded Gibson the Pro Bono Curantium Gold Medal for Merit, and a research laboratory was named there in his honor. He was the 4th such awardee, the others being Pope John Paul II and Dr. Valentine Fuster. In that same year, Gibson was awarded the Medal of the Jagiellonian University for his outstanding achievements in education and research in cardiovascular science.

In 2009, the Cardiovascular Division of Istanbul University, Turkey, established the C. Michael Gibson Research and Education Center. In that same year, the Turkish Cardiac Society honored Gibson for establishing WikiDoc on, September 27th, World Heart Day.

In 2007 and 2009, Dr. Gibson was selected by Who's Who as the Clinical Researcher of the Year.

In 2009 and 2010, Dr. Gibson was chosen by his peers as one of Boston's Top Doctors in Boston Magazine.

In 2010, Dr. Gibson was selected as one of America's Top Doctors by Castle Connolly Medical Ltd. In the same year, he was also selected to be included in the Consumers' Research Council of America’s Guide to America’s Top Cardiologists.

In 2011, Dr. Gibson was featured as one of Boston's Super doctors on my.superdoctors.com. In the same year, he was also selected to be included in the Consumers' Research Council of America’s Guide to America’s Top Cardiologists.

In 2011 U.S. News & World Report listed Dr. Gibson as one of America's Top Doctors as selected by Castle Connolly Medical Ltd. health.usnews.com

Disclosures:
Present Research/Grant Funding

Abbott; Angel Medical Corporation; Atrium Medical Systems; Baxter; Bayer Corp. Cardica, Inc.; FibroGen, Inc.; Fold Rx; Genentech, Inc.; INO Therapeutics, Inc.; Johnson & Johnson Corporation; Lantheus Medical Imaging; NewCardio, Inc.; Sanofi-Aventis;

Consulting and Peer to Peer Communication

Angel Medical Systems; Atrium Medical Corporation; Bayer Corporation; Diachii Sankyo; Eli Lilly; ICON Medical Imaging; Johnson & Johnson Corporation; Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals; St. Jude Medical; The Medicines Company

Royalties as a Contributor

UpToDate in Cardiovascular Medicine; Pocket Medicine

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