Atrial septal defect

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 * Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [mailto:kfeeney@perfuse.org]

Natural history, complications, and prognosis
Natural history | Complications | Prognosis

Classifications of atrial septal defects
Ostum secundum atrial septal defect| Ostium primum atrial septal defect| Sinus venosus atrial septal defect| Coronary sinus| Patent foramen ovale| Common or single atrium

Diagnosis
History & Symptoms | Physical examination |  Chest X-ray |  Electrocardiogram |  Echocardiography |  Trans-cranial doppler ultrasound |  MRI |  CT | Cardiac catheterization | Exercise testing | ACC/AHA guidelines for evaluation of unoperated patients

Treatment
Medical therapy

Surgical therapy

Indications for surgical repair| Surgical closure| Minimally invasive repair| Percutaneous closure| Robotic ASD Repair| Post-surgical follow up

Associated conditions
Decompression sickness | Paradoxical emboli |  Migraine | Atmospheric pressure