Ketoprofen

Ketoprofen, (RS)2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-propionic acid (chemical formula C16H14O3) is one of the propionic acid class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic effects. It acts by inhibiting the body's production of prostaglandin.

Ketoprofen was available over-the-counter in the United States in the form of 12.5 mg coated tablets (Orudis KT®), but the product has been discontinued. It is available by prescription as 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 mg capsules.

Ketoprofen also comes in a 2,5% gel for topical application.

Brand names in the US are Orudis and Oruvail. It is available in the UK as Ketoflam and Oruvail, and in France as Bi-Profénid.

In Lithuania, Ketoprofen is called Ketoprofenum and/or Ketoprofenas. For topical application: the name brands are Fastum with 2.5% (gel) which is over the counter and Ketospray with 10% (liquid spray) which must be prescribed.

In some countries, the optically pure (S)-enantiomer (dexketoprofen) is available; its trometamol salt is said to be particularly rapidly reabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, having a rapid onset of effects.

Ketoprofen is generally prescribed for arthritis-related inflammatory pains or severe tooth-aches that result in the inflation of the gum.

Use in horses
Ketoprofen (Ketofen) is a common NSAID, antipyretic, and analgesic used in horses and other equines. It is most commonly used for muscoskeletal pain, joint problems, and soft tissue injury, as well as laminitis. It does not treat the underlying problem, nor does it speed the healing process. It is also used to control fevers and prevent endotoxemia. However, they may mask the symptoms of the underlying problem, and therefore make diagnosis more difficult for a veterinarian.

Side effects and precautions
Side effects are relatively uncommon if used as recommended, and less common than 2 other commonly used NSAIDs: flunixin or phenylbutazone. Side effects include gastrointestinal ulcers, drop in red blood cell count (a result of GI bleeding), and rarely kidney damage, protein loss, and bleeding disorders. It should therefore be used with caution in horses with liver or kidney disease, or gastrointestinal problems.

Additionally, it should not be used in horses allergic to aspirin.

Uses with other drugs
Ketoprofen should not be used in with other NSAIDs or corticorticeriods, as this increases the risk of GI ulceration. It should also be used with caution with other anticoagulants. It is commonly used with omeprazole, sucralfate, and cimetidine to help protect the GI tract.

Administration
Ketoprofen is labeled to be administered intravenously only, and is recommended for a maximum of five days of use. Its analgesic and antipyretic effects begin to occur 1-2 hours following administration. The most common dosage is 1 mg/lb, once per day, although this dosage may be lowered for ponies, who are most susceptible to NSAID side effects.