Diego Álvarez Chanca

Diego Alvarez Chanca (b. and d. unknown) was a physician and companion of Christopher Columbus.

Chanca was a physician-in-ordinary to Ferdinand and Isabella, which is how he was introduced to Columbus. He was appointed by the Crown to accompany Columbus' second expedition to America in 1493. Shortly after landing on Haiti, Columbus suffered from an attack of malarial fever, which Chanca successfully treated. Several other members of the crew were also treated for malaria during this period.

Chanca's opinion was also sought when Columbus was selecting a site for his first settlement, "Isabella". While there, Chanca wrote a letter to the muncipal council of his native city, which was the first document describing the flora, the fauna, the ethnology, and the ethnography of America.

Upon his return to Spain, in 1506 he published a medical treatise entitled Para curar el mal de Costado (The Trentment of Pleurisy), and in 1514, he published a work in Latin criticizing a book entitled De conservanda juventute et retardanda senectute, the work of Amaldo de Villanova, a brother-phycician.