Myoglobinuria

Overview
Myoglobinuria is the presence of myoglobin in the urine, usually associated with rhabdomyolysis or muscle destruction. Myoglobin is present in muscle cells as a reserve of oxygen.

Pathophysiology
Under ideal situations myoglobin will be filtered and excreted with the urine, but if too much myoglobin is released into the circulation or in case of renal problems, it can occlude the renal filtration system leading to acute tubular necrosis and acute renal insufficiency.

Differential diagnosis of causes of myoglobinuria
Trauma, vascular problems, venoms, certain drugs and other situations can destroy or damage the muscle, releasing myoglobin to the circulation and thus to the kidneys.

Miscellaneous syndromes
 * Rhabdomyolysis
 * Meyer-Betz disease

Autosomal recessive conditions
 * Glycogenosis type 5
 * Phosphogylcerate mutase 2 deficiency

Cardiac and vascular conditions
 * Myocarditis

Inflammatory conditions
 * Myositis

Trauma, mechanical and physical conditions
 * Burns
 * Crush syndrome

Differentiating myoglobinuria from hemoglobinuria
After centrifuge, the serum of myologinuria is clear, where the serum of hemoglobinuria after centrifuge is pink.