ELSI

Overview
ELSI stands for Ethical, Legal and Social Issues. It's a term associated with the Human genome project. This project didn't only have the goal to identify all the approximately 24.000 genes in the human DNA, but also to address the ELSI that might arise from the project.

5% of the US annual Human genome project (HGP) funds is allocated to address associated ELSI of the work.

The failure of ELSI to help the impacted groups
As Debra Harry, Executive Director of the Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism (IPCB), would explain; despite a decade of ELSI funding, the burden of genetics education has fallen on the tribes themselves to understand the motives of Human genome project and its potential impacts on their lives.

Meanwhile, the government has been busily funding projects studying indigenous groups, without any meaningful consultation with the group. (See Biopiracy)

The main criticism of ELSI is the failure to address the conditions raised by population-based research, especially with regard to unique processes for group decision-making and cultural worldviews. Genetic variation research such as HGP is group population research, but most ethical guidelines, as Harry mentions, are not euipped to address group rights. She is making such claim because those research represents a clash of culture: indigenous people's life revolves around collectivity and group decision making whereas the Western culture promotes individuality.

Harry suggests that one of the challenges of ethical research is to include respect for collective review and decision making, while also upholding the traditional model of individual rights.