Murashige and Skoog medium

Murashige and Skoog medium or (MSO or  MS0 (MS-zero)) is a plant growth medium used in the laboratories for cultivation of plant cell culture. MSO was invented by plant scientists Toshio Murashige and Folke K Skoog during Murashige's search for a new plant growth regulator. It is the most commonly used medium in plant tissue culture experiments.

Macronutrients

 * Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) 1,650 mg/l
 * Boric acid (H3BO3) 6.2 mg/l
 * Calcium chloride (CaCl2 · H2O) 440 mg/l
 * Cobalt chloride (CoCl2 · 6H2O) 0.025 mg/l
 * Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4 · 7H2O) 370 mg/l
 * Cupric sulfate (CuSO4 · 5H2O) 0.025 mg/l
 * Potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) 170 mg/l
 * Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 · 7H2O) 27.8 mg/l
 * Potassium nitrate (KNO3) 1,900 mg/l
 * Manganese sulfate (MnSO4 · 4H2O) 22.3 mg/l
 * Potassium iodine (KI) 0.83 mg/l
 * Sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4 · 2H2O) 0.25 mg/l
 * Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4 · 7H2O) 8.6 mg/l
 * Na2EDTA · 2H2Oa 37.2 mg/lb

Common organic additives

 * i-Inositol 100 mg/l
 * Niacin 0.5 mg/l
 * Pyridoxine · HCl 0.5 mg/l
 * Thiamine · HCl 0.1 mg/l
 * IAA 1–30 mg/l
 * Kinetin 0.04–10 mg/l
 * Glycine (recrystallized) 2.0 g/l
 * Edamine 1.0 g/l
 * Sucrose 20 g/l
 * Agar 10 g/l