Stanley Biber

Stanley H. Biber (4 May 1923 – 16 January 2006) was an American physician who was a pioneer in sex reassignment surgery, performing thousands of procedures during his long career.

Early life
Biber was born in Des Moines, Iowa as the older of two children and the only son of a father who owned a furniture store and a mother interested in social causes.

After giving up plans to become a pianist and rabbi, Biber served as a civilian employee with the Office of Strategic Services during World War II, stationed in Alaska and the Northwest Territory. After the war, he returned to Iowa and enrolled in school, with plans to become a psychiatrist.

Career as a physician
Biber graduated from the University of Iowa medical school in 1948. He began performing surgery while in residency at a hospital in the Panama Canal Zone. Biber then joined the Army, where he was the chief surgeon of a Mobile Army Surgical Hospital unit in the Korean War. He finished his service at what is now Fort Carson, Colorado, and in 1954 took a job at a United Mine Workers clinic in Trinidad, Colorado.

Biber performed his first "sex change" operation in 1969 after a transsexual woman asked him if he was willing and able to do so. At first, he did not know how, but he learned by studying diagrams from Johns Hopkins. He kept his first few surgeries secret from the Catholic nuns who operated the hospital, due to concerns that they would react negatively. Trinidad was eventually named the "Sex Change Capital of the World" because of his renown.

Biber also trained dozens of other surgeons in gender reversal techniques and maintained a regular surgical practice of delivering babies, removing tonsils, and replacing knee and hip joints.

Retirement and late life
Biber retired in 2003, at age 80, because his malpractice insurance premiums had risen to levels which he could not afford, probably because of his advanced age. Marci Bowers, a gynecologist and transsexual woman herself, took over his SRS practice. Biber was hospitalized in January 2006 with complications from pneumonia, to which he succumbed while hospitalized. Bowers said, shortly after his death, that she never expected to "fill his shoes".