Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Overview
Below is a list of the winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) from 1901 to the present, administered by the Nobel Foundation, in Stockholm, Sweden.

In some instances, the national status (nation state) of some countries changed after a Nobel laureate lived in the country and became a Nobel Laureate.

The flag that precedes the country of citizenship reflects the earlier of the following circumstances:
 * 1) the state of the country when the Nobel Laureate emigrated; or
 * 2) the state of the country when he/she became a Nobel Laureate.

Some laureates obtained additional citizenships during their lifetime.

For those with multiple citizenships, the year they obtained an additional citizenship, when known, precedes the country of citizenship.

For Nobel Laureates who obtained additional citizenships after winning the Nobel Prize, the flag that precedes the country of citizenship reflects the earlier of the following two circumstances:
 * 1) the state of the country at their death; or
 * 2) the current state of the country.

Laureates
* Years with multiple motivations for a Nobel Prize.