Quinoxaline

A quinoxaline, also called a benzopyrazine, in organic chemistry, is a heterocyclic compound containing a ring complex made up of a benzene ring and a pyrazine ring. They are isomeric with quinazolines.

Quinoxalines are used as dyes, pharmaceuticals and antibiotics such as Echinomycin, Levomycin and Actinoleutin.

They are formed by the condensing ortho-diamines with 1,2-diketone; the parent substance of the group, quinoxaline, resulting when glyoxal is so condensed, whilst substitution derivatives arise when α-ketonic acids, α-chlorketones, α-aldehyde alcohols and α-ketone alcohols are used in place of diketones.

One study used 2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) as a catalyst in the reaction of benzil with o-phenylenediamine :