Cefprozil pharmacokinetics and molecular data

Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetic data were derived from the capsule formulation; however, bioequivalence has been demonstrated for the oral solution, capsule, tablet, and suspension formulations under fasting conditions.

Absorption
Following oral administration of Cefprozil to fasting subjects, approximately 95% of the dose was absorbed. The average plasma half-life in normal subjects was 1.3 hours, while the steady-state volume of distribution was estimated to be 0.23 L/kg. The total body clearance and renal clearance rates were approximately 3 mL/min/kg and 2.3 mL/min/kg, respectively. Average peak plasma concentrations after administration of 250 mg, 500 mg, or 1 g doses of Cefprozil to fasting subjects were approximately 6.1, 10.5, and 18.3 mcg/mL, respectively, and were obtained within 1.5 hours after dosing. Urinary recovery accounted for approximately 60% of the administered dose. During the first 4 hour period after drug administration, the average urine concentrations following 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1 g doses were approximately 700 mcg/mL, 1000 mcg/mL, and 2900 mcg/mL, respectively.

Administration with food Administration with antacids Plasma protein binding Accumulation in plasma Plasma half-life in patients with abnormal renal function Plasma half-life in patients with impaired hepatic function Age- and gender-related changes CSF levels Pediatric and adult matched doses
 * Administration of Cefprozil with food did not affect the extent of absorption (AUC) or the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of Cefprozil. However, there was an increase of 0.25 to 0.75 hours in the time to maximum plasma concentration of Cefprozil (Tmax).
 * The bioavailability of the capsule formulation of Cefprozil was not affected when administered 5 minutes following an antacid.
 * Plasma protein binding is approximately 36% and is independent of concentration in the range of 2 mcg/mL to 20 mcg/mL.
 * There was no evidence of accumulation of Cefprozil in the plasma in individuals with normal renal function following multiple oral doses of up to 1000 mg every 8 hours for 10 days.
 * In patients with reduced renal function, the plasma half-life may be prolonged up to 5.2 hours depending on the degree of the renal dysfunction. In patients with complete absence of renal function, the plasma half-life of Cefprozil has been shown to be as long as 5.9 hours. The half-life is shortened during hemodialysis. Excretion pathways in patients with markedly impaired renal function have not been determined.
 * In patients with impaired hepatic function, the half-life increases to approximately 2 hours. The magnitude of the changes does not warrant a dosage adjustment for patients with impaired hepatic function.
 * Healthy geriatric volunteers (≥65 years old) who received a single 1 g dose of Cefprozil had 35% to 60% higher AUC and 40% lower renal clearance values compared with healthy adult volunteers 20 to 40 years of age. The average AUC in young and elderly female subjects was approximately 15% to 20% higher than in young and elderly male subjects. The magnitude of these age- and gender-related changes in the pharmacokinetics of Cefprozil is not sufficient to necessitate dosage adjustments.
 * Adequate data on CSF levels of Cefprozil are not available.
 * Comparable pharmacokinetic parameters of Cefprozil are observed between pediatric patients (6 months to 12 years) and adults following oral administration of selected matched doses. The maximum concentrations are achieved at 1 to 2 hours after dosing. The plasma elimination half-life is approximately 1.5 hours. In general, the observed plasma concentrations of Cefprozil in pediatric patients at the 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg doses are similar to those observed within the same time frame in normal adult subjects at the 250, 500, and 1000 mg doses, respectively. Return to top