Hypertriglyceridemia causes


 * Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]

Overview
Hypertriglyceridemia can occur due to various causes, including genetics, familial, metabolic and drugs

Primary hypertriglyceridemia
====Genetics ====

Type I hyperlipoproteinemia

 * Genetic deficiency or dysfunction of enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
 * Deficiency of apo C-II, that acts as a cofactor of LPL
 * Insulin deficiency or dysfunction in diabetes type 1 and 2 can also cause this disorder as LPL requires insulin for its full function.

Familial combined hyperlipidemia

 * Autosomal dominant disorder
 * Patients have either isolated triglyceride or LDL-c elevations or both.
 * Family history of premature coronary artery disease in 1 or more first-degree relatives
 * Family history for elevated triglycerides with or without elevated LDL-c levels.

Familial hypertriglyceridemia

 * Autosomal dominant trait
 * These patients and their families have isolated triglyceride elevations
 * Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease.

Secondary hypertriglyceridemia
===Metabolic ===
 * Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance
 * Obesity
 * Hypothyroidism
 * Nephrotic syndrome
 * Renal failure

Drugs

 * Diuretics (high dose thiazide or chlorthalidone)
 * Beta-blockers (high doses)
 * Estrogen replacement therapy
 * Oral contraceptive pills (high estrogen )
 * Tamoxifen
 * Glucocorticoids
 * Oral isotretinoin
 * Antiretroviral therapy (protease inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
 * Atypical antipsychotics

Miscellaneous

 * Alcohol
 * Pregnancy
 * Acute pancreatitis
 * Nonalcoholic fatty liver disorder
 * High-carbohydrate or high glycemic index
 * Glycogen storage disease type 1
 * Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency or Cholesteryl ester storage disease
 * Paraproteinemias (e.g., hypergammaglobulinemia in macroglobulinemia, myeloma, lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemias)
 * Autoimmune disorders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosis)