Mitral stenosis causes


 * Associate Editor-In-Chief: ; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.; Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [mailto:msbeih@perfuse.org]

Overview
The majority of cases of mitral stenosis result from rheumatic heart disease, which occurs as a complication of group A streptococcal infection in genetically susceptible individuals. Some cases may be congenital.

Common Causes of Mitral Stenosis

 * Rheumatic heart disease: This is synonymous with rheumatic fever which occurs as a complication of group A streptococcal infection in genetically susceptible individuals. Rheumatic involvement is found in 99% of stenotic mitral valves evaluated at the time of valve replacement.
 * Prosthetic mitral valve
 * Mitral annular calcification
 * Bacterial endocarditis where the vegetations increase the risk of stenosis
 * Radiation treatment to the chest
 * Some medications may cause mitral stenosis
 * Congenital mitral stenosis

Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Mitral Stenosis
(In alphabetical order)
 * Atrial myxoma
 * Coarctation of the aorta
 * Congenital mitral stenosis
 * Cor triatriatum
 * Double orifice mitral valve
 * Hypoplasia of mitral valve annulus which is a part of the spectrum of hypoplastic left heart syndrome
 * Infective endocarditis
 * Lutembacher syndrome
 * Mitral valve annular calcification
 * Mitral valve commissural fusion
 * Parachute mitral valve
 * Primary causes of mitral stenosis that emanate from a cleft mitral valve
 * Prosthetic mitral valve
 * Shone's syndrome
 * Sub-aortic stenosis
 * Supra-valve mitral membrane (SVMM)
 * Thickened chordae tendinae
 * Thrombus (ball valve thrombus)