Cardiac amyloidosis physical examination


 * Associate Editor: ;

Overview
Cardiac amyloidosis is difficult to diagnose. The findings from an examination are not specific and may indicate enlargement of the heart and fluid retention in the lungs.

Signs

 * Common signs:
 * elevated jugular pressure
 * pedal edema
 * hepatomegaly


 * The blood pressure may be low or may drop when rising to a standing position (orthostatic hypotension). Orthostatic hypotension is typical especially in kidney involvement.


 * Typical physical findings specific for cardiac amyloidosis:
 * diastolic dysfunction
 * congestive heart failure
 * arrhythmias


 * Auscultation may reveal rales, heart murmurs, and/or other pathologic heart sounds.