Koilocytosis

Overview
Koilocytosis (a.k.a koilocytotic atypia) is cell changes caused by HPV. By microscopic observation, the cells have halo nuclei. These changes are neither precancerous nor dangerous in and of themselves. Koilocytosis often co-exists with dysplasia, and it's the dysplasia that could lead to cancer, and thus, needs treatment.

Diagnosis
A distinctive abnormality in the appearance of the cells of the skin of the cervix, in which some of the nuclei are surrounded by tiny "halos."

Most commonly, these changes occur in the presence of HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) but occasionally are associated with more serious problems such a cervical dysplasia or even early malignancy.

Patients demonstrating koilocytosis who previously had normal Pap smears are ideally evaluated with colposcopy and cervical biopsies to determine the source of the koilocytes, although such evaluation can usually safely wait for weeks to a few months if necessary because of operational requirements.