Nutrition disorder

Overview
Many diseases in humans are directly or indirectly caused by improper eating habits and malnutrition. These include, but are not limited to, deficiency diseases, caused by a lack of essential nutrients.

Additionally, several diseases are directly or indirectly impacted by dietary habits, and require very close attention to the nutrient content of food.

Food

 * See also: Overeating

Calories
Obesity is a condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and other mammals, is increased to a point where it is assoiated with certain health conditions or increased mortality.
 * Obesity, which in turn can lead to diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Vitamins

 * Vitamin poisoning

Vitamin poisoning, or hypervitaminosis, refers to a condition of high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to toxic symptoms. The medical names of the different conditions are derived from the vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called "hypervitaminosis A".

Microminerals and macrominerals
iron overload disorders are diseases caused by the accumulation of iron in the body. Organs commonly affected are the liver, heart and endocrine glands.[1]
 * Iron overload disorder

Proteins/fats/carbohydrates

 * Protein-energy malnutrition
 * Kwashiorkor
 * Marasmus
 * Mental retardation

Vitamin

 * See also: avitaminosis, and the table of deficiency diseases at human vitamins

Vitamin D deficiency can also increase risk of Diabetes and muscle pain.
 * Pellagra -
 * Poor immune system function, potentially leading to a wide range of other illnesses.
 * Spina bifida
 * Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency causes:
 * Beriberi -
 * Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome -
 * Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency leads to ariboflavinosis
 * Vitamin C (ascorbate) deficiency causes scurvy, deterioration of tissues throughout the body due to reduced collagen synthesis.
 * Vitamin D deficiency - is known to cause several bone diseases including:
 * Rickets - a childhood disease characterized by impeded growth, and deformity, of the long bones.
 * Osteomalacia- a bone-thinning disorder that occurs exclusively in adults and is characterised by proximal muscle weakness and bone fragility.
 * Osteoporosis - a condition characterized by reduced bone mineral density and increased bone fragility.

Microminerals and macrominerals

 * Iodine deficiency
 * Iron deficiency
 * Iron deficiency anemia
 * Metabolic or nutritionally related disease such as diabetes mellitus or endemic goitre
 * Osteoporosis - caused by calcium deficiency
 * Zinc deficiency (growth retardation)