Vascular bundle



A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in  vascular plants. The transport itself happens in vascular tissue, which exists in two forms: xylem and phloem. Both these tissues are present in a vascular bundle, which in addition will include supporting and protective tissues.

The xylem typically lies adaxial with phloem positioned abaxial. In a stem or root this means that the xylem is closer to the centre of the stem or root while the phloem is closer to the exterior. In a leaf, the adaxial surface of the leaf will usually be the upper side, with the abaxial surface the lower side. This is why aphids are typically found on the underside of a leaf rather than on the top, since the sugars manufactured by the plant are transported by the phloem, which is closer to the lower surface.

The position of vascular bundles relative to each other may vary considerably: see stele.

Bundle-sheath cells
Bundle-sheath cells are contained in certain C4 plants. These plants use C4 carbon fixation to carry out photosynthesis when normal conditions for C3 plants aren't present (e.g. normal water levels, CO2 levels, heat, light).

Bundle-sheath cells are photosynthetic cells arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf. They form a protective covering these leaf veins, and consist of one or more cell layers, usually parenchyma. Between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface are the more loosely arranged mesophyll cells. The Calvin cycle is confined to the chloroplasts of these bundle sheath cells.