Pagoda Dogwood

Pagoda dogwood (Cornus alternifolia), also known as alternate-leaved Dogwood, is a species of dogwood native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to southern Manitoba and Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Mississippi.

It is a small deciduous tree growing to 8 m (rarely 10 m) tall, with a trunk up to 15 cm diameter, and the branches developing in characteristic flat layers separated by gaps. Its leaves are elliptic to ovate and grow to 4-12 cm long and 2-6 cm broad, arranged alternately on the stems, not in opposite pairs typical of the majority of Cornus species, the leaves are most often arranged in crowded clusters around the ends of the twigs and appear almost whorled. The topside of the leaves are smooth and green, while the undersides are hairy and a bluish color. Its bark is colored gray to brown. It becomes ridged as it ages. Cornus alternifolia produces   small cream colored flowers with four small petals. The flowers are grouped into cymes, with the inflorescences 4-6 cm across. It bears fruit similar to berries with a blackish blue color. These fruits grow 8-10 mm across.

Description
Usually a shrub sending up several stems from the ground; sometimes a tree, flat-topped and bushy, that reaches the height of twenty-five feet. Found along the margins of forests or under open deciduous trees and by the borders of trees and swamps; in moist, well drained soil. The tree is is regarded as attractive because of its wide spreading shelving branches and flat-topped head, and is often used in ornamental plantings. The flower clusters have no great white involucre as have those of the Flowering Dogwood, and the fruit is dark purple instead of red and of intensely disagreeable aromatic flavor.


 * Bark: Dark reddish brown, with shallow ridges. Branchlets at first pale reddish green, later dark green.
 * Wood: Reddish brown, sapwood pale; heavy, hard, close-grained. Sp. gr., 0.6696; weight of cu. ft., 41-73 lbs.
 * Winter buds: Light chestnut brown, acute. Inner scales enlarge with the growing shoot and become half an inch long before they fall.
 * Leaves: Alternate, rarely opposite, often clustered at the ends of the branch, simple, three to five inches long, two to three wide, oval or ovate, wedge-shaped or rounded at base; margin is wavy toothed, slightly reflexed, apex acuminate. They come out of the bud involute, reddish green above, coated with silvery white tomentum beneath, when full grown are bright green above, pale, downy, almost white beneath.  Feather-veined, midrib broad, yellowish, prominent beneath, with about six pairs of primary veins.  In autumn they turn yellow, or yellow and scarlet.  Petioles slender, grooved, hairy, with clasping bases.
 * Flowers: April, May. Perfect, cream color, borne in many-flowered, broad, open cymes, at the end of short lateral branches.
 * Calyx: The cup-shaped flowers have four petals that are valvate in bud, unwrapping when in bloom with cream colored, oblong shaped petals with rounded ends. The petals are inserted on disk and the stamens are inserted too and arranged alternately to the petals, being four in number also. The stamens are exserted with filaments long and slender. Anthers oblong, introrse, versatile, two-celled; cells opening longitudinally.
 * Pistil: Ovary inferior, two-celled; style columnar; stigma capitate.
 * Fruit: Drupe, globular, blue-black, one-third inch across, tipped with remnant of style which rises from a slight depression; nut obovoid, many-grooved. October.