VLA-4
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Integrin alpha4beta1 (Very Late Antigen-4) is an integrin dimer. It is composed of CD49d (alpha) and CD29 (beta).
[VCAM-1] (integrin receptor) binds to the integrin VLA-4 which are normally expressed on leukocyte plasma membranes, but they do not adhere to their appropriate ligands until the leukocytes are activated by chemotactic agents or other stimuli (often produced by the endothelium or other cells at the site of injury). Only then do the integrins undergo the conformational change necessary to confer high binding affinity for the endothelial adhesion molecules.
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Transmembrane receptors: immune receptors | |
|---|---|
| Cytokine receptor | Type I: interleukin (IL-2, IL-3) - CSF (Erythropoietin, GM-CSF, G-CSF) - Glycoprotein 130/Oncostatin M - Leukemia inhibitory factor - common subunits (Common gamma chain, CSF2RB) Type II: interleukin (IL22RA2) - interferon (IFNAR, IFNGR) |
| Pattern recognition/Toll-like | TLR 1 - TLR 2 - TLR 3 - TLR 4 - TLR 5 - TLR 6 - TLR 7 - TLR 8 - TLR 9 - TLR 10 |
| Fc receptor | ε (FcεRI, FcεRII) - γ (FcγRI, FcγRII, FcγRIII) - α/μ (FcαRI, Fcα/μR) - Neonatal |
| Lymphocyte homing receptor | CD44 - L-selectin - VLA-4 - LFA-1 |
| other | Antigen receptor (B-cell, T cell) - Complement - Formyl peptide - Immunophilins - Integrin - Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like - Scavenger |
Membrane proteins: cell adhesion molecules | |
|---|---|
| IgSF | N-CAM (Myelin protein zero) - ICAM (1, 4) - VCAM-1 - PE-CAM - L1-CAM |
| Cadherins | Desmoglein - T-cadherin |
| Selectins | E-selectin - L-selectin - P-selectin |
| Integrins | LFA-1 - Integrin alphaXbeta2 - Macrophage-1 antigen - VLA-4 - Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (Note: integrins not always classified as CAMs) |
| Other | Carcinoembryonic antigen - CD22 - CD24 - CD44 - CD146 - CD164 |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
