Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Classification and external resources
ICD-10	G04.0
ICD-9	323.61
DiseasesDB	158
eMedicine	neuro/500
MeSH	D004673

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune mediated disease of brain. It usually occurs following a viral infection or vaccination, but it may also appear spontaneously. It is similar in some ways to multiple sclerosis, and is considered part of the Multiple sclerosis borderline.

There are multiple inflammatory cell deposits in the brain, particularly in the section called white matter. Although it occurs in all ages, most reported cases are in children and adolescents.

Presentation

It has an abrupt onset and a monophasic course. Symptoms usually begin 1-3 weeks after infection or vaccination. Major symptoms include fever, headache, drowsiness, seizures and coma. Although initially the symptoms are usually mild, later in the course of the disease patients may even die, if they are not treated properly. Some patients recover completely, while others have permanent neurological impairments.

Treatment

The first treatment is usually steroids and intensive care is often required.

External links

• Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)Information page-> including pathogenesis/aetiology/treatment/prognosis at adem.org
• Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) at myelitis.org
• Murthy J (2002). "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis". Neurology India 50 (3): 238-43. PMID 12391446.

v • d • e Multiple sclerosis
Signs and symptoms	Ataxia · Depression · Diplopia · Dysarthria · Dysphagia · Fatigue · Incontinence · Neurological fatigue · Nystagmus · Optic neuritis · Pain · Uhthoff's phenomenon
Diagnosis and evolution following	McDonald criteria · EDSS
Investigation	Pathophysiology · Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Treatment	Interferon · Glatiramer acetate · Mitoxantrone · Natalizumab · Therapies under investigation
Borderline forms	Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis · Balo concentric sclerosis · Devic's disease · Guillain-Barré syndrome · Marburg multiple sclerosis · Schilder's disease
Other	List of people with multiple sclerosis · List of multiple sclerosis organizations

v • d • e Pathology of the nervous system, primarily CNS (G00-G47, 320-349)
Inflammatory diseases of the CNS	Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) - Encephalitis - Myelitis - Encephalomyelitis (Acute disseminated) - Tropical spastic paraparesis
Systemic atrophies primarily affecting the CNS	Huntington's Spinocerebellar ataxia (Friedreich's ataxia, Ataxia telangiectasia, Hereditary spastic paraplegia) Spinal muscular atrophy: Werdnig-Hoffman - Kugelberg-Welander - Fazio Londe - MND (ALS, PMA, PBP, PP, PLS)
Extrapyramidal and movement disorders	Parkinson's disease - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - Postencephalitic parkinsonism - Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration - Progressive supranuclear palsy - Striatonigral degeneration Dystonia/Dyskinesia (Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's, Blepharospasm) Essential tremor - Myoclonus - Lafora Chorea (Choreoathetosis) - Restless legs - Stiff person
Other degenerative / demyelinating diseases	Alzheimer's - Pick's - Alpers' - Dementia with Lewy bodies - Leigh's demyelinating: Multiple sclerosis - Devic's - Central pontine myelinolysis - Transverse myelitis
Seizure/epilepsy	Focal (Simple partial, Complex partial) - Generalised (Tonic-clonic, Absence, Atonic, Benign familial neonatal) Lennox-Gastaut - West - Epilepsia partialis continua - Status epilepticus (Complex partial status epilepticus)
Headache	Migraine (Familial hemiplegic) - Cluster - Vascular - Tension
Vascular	Transient ischemic attack (Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia) Cerebrovascular disease (MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's, Millard-Gubler, Lateral medullary, Weber's, Lacunar stroke)
Sleep disorders	Insomnia - Hypersomnia - Sleep apnea (Ondine's curse) - Narcolepsy - Cataplexy - Kleine-Levin - Circadian rhythm sleep - Delayed sleep phase - Advanced sleep phase
Other	Intracranial hypertension: Hydrocephalus (Normal pressure) - Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Encephalopathy - Brain herniation - Cerebral edema - Reye's - Syringomyelia - Syringobulbia - Spinal cord compression

de:Akute disseminierte Enzephalomyelitis

nl:Acute gedissemineerde encefalomyelitis fi:Akuutti disseminoitunut enkefalomyeliitti