Aldehyde dehydrogenase
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Overview
Aldehyde dehydrogenases are a group of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation (dehydrogenation) of aldehydes. Multiple forms exist in mammals in the cytosol, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. They have been classified as Class 1 (cytosolic), Class 2 (mitochondrial) and Class 3 (tumour and other isozymes). In all three classes constitutive and inducible forms exist.
The overall reaction catalysed by the aldehyde dehydrogenases is:
Aldehyde dehydrogenases have a broad substrate specificity. Oxidation of aldehydes is considered to be generally a detoxification reaction, removing the electrophilic products of alcohol oxidation.
For example, alcohol dehydrogenase oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde, responsible for some “hangover” symptoms, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase detoxifies this to acetic acid. Similarly aldehyde dehydrogenase detoxifies acrolein, the hepatotoxic metabolite formed from allyl alcohol. However, in the case of 2-butoxyethanol, alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases sequentially catalyse the formation of the hematotoxic metabolite, 2-butoxyacetic acid.
Aldehyde dehydrogenases can also behave as esterases, hydrolyzing esters such as para-nitrophenyl acetate.
A deficiency in these enzymes or a polymorphism which renders the enzyme inactive results in alcohol intolerance. Consumption of alcohol results in allergy-like symptoms including nasal congestion and flushing. This is most common of East Asian decent, and about 50% of Chinese, Korean and Japanese are somewhat alcohol intolerant. These symptoms are sometimes referred to as ‘oriental flushing syndrome’[1] or 'asian flush'.
Genes
See also
References
External links
Aldehyde/oxo oxidoreductases (EC 1.2) | |
|---|---|
| 1.2.1 - NAD or NADP acceptor | Aldehyde dehydrogenase - Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase - Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase |
| 1.2.4 - disulfide acceptor | Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase - Pyruvate dehydrogenase - Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
