Angiostatin
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Angiostatin is a naturally occurring protein found in several animal species, including humans. It is an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor (i.e., it blocks the growth of new blood vessels), and it is currently undergoing clinical trials for its use in anticancer therapy.[1]
Contents |
Structure
Angiostatin is a 38 kDa fragment of a larger protein, plasmin (itself a fragment of plasminogen) enclosing three to five contiguous Kringle modules. Each module contains two small beta sheets and three disulfide bonds. [1] [1]
Generation
Angiostatin is produced, for example, by autoproteolytic cleavage of plasminogen, involving extracellular disulfide bond reduction by phosphoglycerate kinase. Furthermore angiostatin can be cleaved from plasminogen by different metalloproteinases (MMPs), elastase, prostata-specific antigen (PSA), 13 KD serine protease, or 24KD endopeptidase.
Biological activity
Angiostatin is known to bind a lot of proteins, especially to angiomotin and endothelial cell surface ATP synthase but also integrins, annexin II, C-met receptor, NG2-proteoglycans, tissue-type plasminogen activator, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and CD26. Also smaller fragments of angiostatin has been shown to bind several other proteins. There is still considerable uncertainty on its mechanism of action, but it seems to involve for example inhibition of endothelial cell migration,[1] proliferation and induction of apoptosis. It has been proposed that angiostatin activity is related, among other things, to the coupling of its mechanical and redox properties [1]
References
External links
Proteins: angiogenesis | |
|---|---|
| angiogenic | Angiopoietin (ANGPT1, ANGPT2) - Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| anti-angiogenic | Angiostatin - Endostatin |
Globulins: beta globulins |
|---|
| Angiostatin - Haemopexin - Beta-2 microglobulin - Factor H - Plasminogen - Properdin - Sex hormone binding globulin - Transferrin |
 | This protein-related article is a stub. You can help WikiDoc by expanding it. |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
