Apneustic center

You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.

WikiDoc Resources for Apneustic center
Articles
Most recent articles on Apneustic center Most cited articles on Apneustic center Review articles on Apneustic center Articles on Apneustic center in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Apneustic center Images of Apneustic center Photos of Apneustic center Podcasts & MP3s on Apneustic center Videos on Apneustic center
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Apneustic center Bandolier on Apneustic center TRIP on Apneustic center
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Apneustic center at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Apneustic center Clinical Trials on Apneustic center at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Apneustic center NICE Guidance on Apneustic center NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Apneustic center CDC on Apneustic center
Books
Books on Apneustic center
News
Apneustic center in the news Be alerted to news on Apneustic center News trends on Apneustic center
Commentary
Blogs on Apneustic center
Definitions
Definitions of Apneustic center
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Apneustic center Discussion groups on Apneustic center Patient Handouts on Apneustic center Directions to Hospitals Treating Apneustic center Risk calculators and risk factors for Apneustic center
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Apneustic center Causes & Risk Factors for Apneustic center Diagnostic studies for Apneustic center Treatment of Apneustic center
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Apneustic center
International
Apneustic center en Espanol Apneustic center en Francais
Businness
Apneustic center in the Marketplace Patents on Apneustic center
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Apneustic center

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884

Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

The apneustic center of the lower pons appears to promote inspiration by stimulation of the I neurons in the medulla oblongata providing a constant stimulus.

The apneustic centre of pons sends signals to the dorsal respiratory centre in the medulla to delay the 'switch off' signal of the inspiratory ramp provided by the pneumotaxic centre of pons. It controls the the intensity of breathing.

The pons apneustic center stimulates/prolongs inspiration.

External links

• Description at vcu.edu
• c_20/12226527 at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
• Physiology at MCG 4/4ch6/s4ch6_10
• Diagram at colorado.edu

v • d • e Respiratory system, physiology: respiratory physiology
Volumes	lung volumes - vital capacity - functional residual capacity - respiratory minute volume - closing capacity - dead space - spirometry - body plethysmography - peak flow meter - thoracic independent volume - bronchial challenge test
Airways	ventilation (V) (positive pressure) - breath (inhalation, exhalation) -respiratory rate - respirometer - pulmonary surfactant - compliance - hysteresivity - airway resistance
Blood	pulmonary circulation - perfusion (Q) - hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction - pulmonary shunt
Interactions	ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q) and scan - zones of the lung - gas exchange - pulmonary gas pressures - alveolar gas equation - hemoglobin - oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve (2,3-DPG, Bohr effect, Haldane effect) - carbonic anhydrase (chloride shift) - oxyhemoglobin - respiratory quotient - arterial blood gas - diffusion capacity - Dlco
Control of respiration	pons (pneumotaxic center, apneustic center) - medulla (dorsal respiratory group, ventral respiratory group) - chemoreceptors (central, peripheral) - pulmonary stretch receptors (Hering-Breuer reflex)
Insufficiency	high altitude - oxygen toxicity - hypoxia

v • d • e Brain: rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
Myelencephalon/medulla	anterior/ventral: Arcuate nucleus of medulla • Pyramid (Decussation) • Olivary body • Inferior olivary nucleus • Anterior median fissure • Ventral respiratory group posterior/dorsal: VII,IX,X: Solitary/tract • XII, X: Dorsal • IX,X,XI: Ambiguus • IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus • Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus/Accessory cuneate nucleus • Area postrema • Posterior median sulcus • Dorsal respiratory group raphe/reticular: Sensory decussation • Reticular formation (Gigantocellular nucleus, Parvocellular reticular nucleus, Ventral reticular nucleus, Lateral reticular nucleus, Paramedian reticular nucleus) • Raphe nuclei (Obscurus, Magnus, Pallidus) tracts: Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) • Inferior cerebellar peduncle • Olivocerebellar tract • Spinocerebellar (Dorsal, Ventral) • Spinothalamic tract • PCML (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers, Medial lemniscus) • Extrapyramidal (Rubrospinal tract, Vestibulospinal tract, Tectospinal tract)
Metencephalon/pons	anterior/ventral: Superior olivary nucleus • Basis pontis (Pontine nuclei, Middle cerebellar peduncles) posterior/dorsal: Pontine tegmentum (Trapezoid body, Superior medullary velum, Locus ceruleus, MLF, Vestibulocerebellar tract, V Principal Spinal & Motor, VI, VII, VII: Superior salivary nucleus) • VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Lateral, Superior, Medial, Inferior) raphe/reticular: Reticular formation (Caudal pontine reticular nucleus, Oral pontine reticular nucleus, Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus, Paramedian pontine reticular formation) • Median raphe nucleus Apneustic center • Pneumotaxic center
Metencephalon/cerebellum	Vermis • Flocculus • Arbor vitae • Cerebellar tonsil • Inferior medullary velum Molecular layer (Stellate cell, Basket cell, Parallel fiber) • Purkinje cell layer (Purkinje cell) • Granule cell layer (Golgi cell) • Mossy fibers • Climbing fiber Deep cerebellar nuclei (Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial)
Fourth ventricle	apertures (Median, Lateral) • Rhomboid fossa (Vagal trigone, Hypoglossal trigone, Obex, Sulcus limitans, Facial colliculus, Medial eminence) • Lateral recess

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Apneustic center
Articles on Apneustic center	Most recent articles on Apneustic center • Most cited articles on Apneustic center • Review articles on Apneustic center • Articles on Apneustic center in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Apneustic center	Powerpoint slides on Apneustic center • Images of Apneustic center • Photos of Apneustic center • Podcasts & MP3s on Apneustic center • Videos on Apneustic center
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Apneustic center	Cochrane Collaboration on Apneustic center • Bandolier on Apneustic center • TRIP on Apneustic center
Cost Effectiveness of Apneustic center	Cost Effectiveness of Apneustic center
Clinical Trials Involving Apneustic center	Ongoing Trials on Apneustic center at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Apneustic center • Clinical Trials on Apneustic center at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Apneustic center	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Apneustic center • NICE Guidance on Apneustic center • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Apneustic center • CDC on Apneustic center
Textbook Information on Apneustic center	Books and Textbook Information on Apneustic center
Pharmacology Resources on Apneustic center	Dosing of Apneustic center • Drug interactions with Apneustic center • Side effects of Apneustic center • Allergic reactions to Apneustic center • Overdose information on Apneustic center • Carcinogenicity information on Apneustic center • Apneustic center in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Apneustic center •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Apneustic center	Genetics of Apneustic center • Pharmacogenomics of Apneustic center • Proteomics of Apneustic center
Newstories on Apneustic center	Apneustic center in the news • Be alerted to news on Apneustic center • News trends on Apneustic center
Commentary on Apneustic center	Blogs on Apneustic center
Patient Resources on Apneustic center	Patient resources on Apneustic center • Discussion groups on Apneustic center • Patient Handouts on Apneustic center • Directions to Hospitals Treating Apneustic center • Risk calculators and risk factors for Apneustic center
Healthcare Provider Resources on Apneustic center	Symptoms of Apneustic center • Causes & Risk Factors for Apneustic center • Diagnostic studies for Apneustic center • Treatment of Apneustic center
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Apneustic center	CME Programs on Apneustic center
International Resources on Apneustic center	Apneustic center en Espanol • Apneustic center en Francais
Business Resources on Apneustic center	Apneustic center in the Marketplace • Patents on Apneustic center
Informatics Resources on Apneustic center	List of terms related to Apneustic center

WikiDoc Help Menu Quick Start.. Get Started Here! How to Login How to Search Pages How to Start a New Page How to Edit a Page Cheat Sheet Editing basics Learning Basic Formatting How to make Links in WikiDoc & to External Sites How to Make Lists How to Ignoring Formatting Adding References or Footnotes to Articles Tracking Changes You Have Made How to Put an Article Into a Category When Multiple Topics Should Go To The Same Page (MI, Acute MI, AMI) Using Redirection Advanced editing How to Make Tables How to Insert Images and Other Media How to Add Video Help:How to Make Columns Web Colors How To Make Templates How to Move Pages Inserting Dynamic Dates and Times Inserting WikiDoc Statistics Editing the Table of Contents Communicating your edits Let others know what you changed: The importance of Edit Summaries Minor Edits Edit Conflicts Help Videos You Can Watch Getting Started Video

Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .