Apraclonidine
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| Image:Apraclonidine structure.svg | |
| Apraclonidine
| |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 2,6-dichloro-N- (4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl) benzene-1,4-diamine | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | S01 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C9H10Cl2N4 |
| Mol. mass | 245.108 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Protein binding | 98.7% |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | 8 hours |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
? |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | Ophthalmic solution |
Apraclonidine (INN), also known as iopidine, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy. It is an α2-adrenergic agonist.
Apraclonidine is administered at a concentration of 1% for the prevention and treatment of postsurgical intraocular pressure elevation and 0.5% for short-term adjunctive therapy in patients on maximally tolerated medical therapy who require additional redirection of intraocular pressure. One drop is usually added one hour prior to laser eye surgery and another drop is given after the procedure is complete.
External links
- Chen P, Chen J, Lu D, Chen Y, Hsiao C (2006). "Comparing efficacies of 0.5% apraclonidine with 4% cocaine in the diagnosis of horner syndrome in pediatric patients.". J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 22 (3): 182-7. PMID 16808679.
- Aslanides l, Tsiklis N, Ozkilic E, Coskunseven E, Pallikaris l, Jankov M (2006). "The effect of topical apraclonidine on subconjunctival hemorrhage and flap adherence in LASIK patients.". J Refract Surg 22 (6): 585-8. PMID 16805122.
- Koc F, Kansu T, Kavuncu S, Firat E (2006). "Topical apraclonidine testing discloses pupillary sympathetic denervation in diabetic patients.". J Neuroophthalmol 26 (1): 25-9. PMID 16518162.
- Garibaldi D, Hindman H, Grant M, Iliff N, Merbs S. "Effect of 0.5% apraclonidine on ptosis in Horner syndrome.". Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 22 (1): 53-5. PMID 16418668.
- Onal S, Gozum N, Gucukoglu A. "Effect of apraclonidine versus dorzolamide on intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification.". Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 36 (6): 457-62. PMID 16355950.
Ophthalmologicals: antiglaucoma preparations and miotics (S01E) | |
|---|---|
| Sympathomimetics | Apraclonidine • Brimonidine • Clonidine • Dipivefrine • Epinephrine |
| Parasympathomimetics | Aceclidine • Acetylcholine • Carbachol • Demecarium • Echothiophate • Stigmine (Fluostigmine, Neostigmine, Physostigmine) • Paraoxon • Pilocarpine |
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | Acetazolamide • Brinzolamide • Diclofenamide • Dorzolamide • Methazolamide |
| Beta blocking agents | Befunolol • Betaxolol • Carteolol • Levobunolol • Metipranolol • Timolol |
| Prostaglandin analogues | Bimatoprost • Latanoprost • Travoprost • Unoprostone |
| Other agents | Dapiprazole • Guanethidine |
