Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
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| Ribbon diagram of a domestic pig DOPA decarboxylase dimer. From PDB 1JS3. | |
| DOPA decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase)
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | DDC |
| Entrez | 1644 |
| HUGO | 2719 |
| OMIM | 107930 |
| RefSeq | NM_000790 |
| UniProt | P20711 |
| Other data | |
| EC number | 4.1.1.28 |
| Locus | Chr. 7 p11 |
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28, synonyms: DOPA decarboxylase, tryptophan decarboxylase, 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, AAAD) is a lyase enzyme.
Contents |
Reactions
It catalyzes several different decarboxylation reactions:
- L-DOPA to dopamine - a neurotransmitter
- 5-HTP to serotonin (5-HT) - also a neurotransmitter
- tryptophan to tryptamine - a precursor to many alkaloids found in plants and animals
The enzyme uses pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor.
As a rate limiting step
In normal dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter synthesis, AAAD is not the rate-limiting step of in either reaction. However, AAAD becomes the rate-limiting step of dopamine synthesis in patients treated with L-DOPA (such as in Parkinson's Disease), and the rate-limiting step of serotonin synthesis in people treated with 5-HTP (such as in mild depression or dysthymia).
AAAD is the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of biogenic trace amines.
See also
External links
