Branchial pouch
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| Branchial pouch | ||
|---|---|---|
 | ||
| Pattern of the branchial arches. I-IV branchial arches, 1-4 branchial pouches (inside) and/or pharyngeal grooves (outside) a Tuberculum laterale b Tuberculum impar c Foramen cecum d Ductus thyreoglossus e Sinus cervicalis | ||
 | ||
| Floor of pharynx of human embryo about twenty-six days old. | ||
| Gray's | subject #13 65 | |
| Carnegie stage | 10 | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | p_31/12662655 | |
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In the development of vertebrate animals, Pharyngeal or branchial pouches form on the endodermal side between the branchial arches, and pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form from the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches. The pouches line up with the clefts, and these thin segments become gills in fish.
The pouches
First pouch
This is the only pouch in which the endoderm and ectoderm remain close together, as the tympanic membrane. There is minimal mesoderm in the tympanic membrane.
- The endoderm lines the future auditory tube, middle ear, mastoid antrum, and inner layer of the tympanic membrane.
- The ectoderm lines the future external acoustic meatus and outer layer of the tympanic membrane.
- Mesoderm remains as the middle portion of the tympanic membrane, where the endoderm of the first pharyngeal pouch and the ectoderm of the first pharyngeal cleft have met.
Second pouch
- Contributes to the middle ear, tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve.
Third pouch
- The third pouch possesses Dorsal and Ventral wings. Derivatives of Dorsal include the inferior parathyroid glands, while the ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus. The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is Cranial Nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve.
Fourth pouch
- Derivatives include the superior parathyroid gland and parafollicular C-Cells of the thyroid gland.
Fifth pouch
- Rudimentary structure, becomes part of the fourth pouch contributing to thyroid C-cells.
See also
External links
- Swiss embryology (from UL, UB, and UF) rrespiratory/korperhohlen01 (Item #1 at Fig. 14)
- Embryology at Temple parch98/ARCHII97/sld017
- Embryology at UNC hednk-021
- Outline at howard.edu (scroll down to "III. THE PHARYNGEAL POUCHES")
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
