Calcium channel

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Overview

A Calcium channel is an ion channel which displays selective permeabiltiy to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous as voltage-dependent calcium channel, although there are also ligand-gated calcium channels.

Comparison tables

The following tables explain gating, gene, location and function of different types of calcium channels, both voltage and ligand-gated.

Voltage-gated

Main article: voltage-dependent calcium channel

Type	Gated by	Protein	Gene	Location	Function
L-type	high voltage	Cav1.1 Cav1.2 Cav1.3 Cav1.4	CACNA1S CACNA1C CACNA1D CACNA1F	Skeletal muscle, bone (osteoblasts), ventricular myocytes**, dendrites and dendritic spines of cortical neurones	SMC and cardiac muscle contraction [1]. Responsible for prolonged action potential in cardiac muscle.
P-type/Q-type	high voltage	Cav2.1	CACNA1A	Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum / Cerebellar granule cells	neurotransmitter release [1]
N-type	high voltage	Cav2.2	CACNA1B	Throughout the brain	neurotransmitter release [1]
R-type	intermediate voltage	Cav2.3	CACNA1E	Cerebellar granule cells, other neurons	?[1]
T-type	low voltage	Cav3.1 Cav3.2 Cav3.3	CACNA1G CACNA1H CACNA1I	neurons, cells that have pacemaker activity, bone (osteocytes)	Regular sinus rhythm[1]

Ligand-gated

• the receptor-operated calcium channels (in vasoconstriction)
  • P2X receptor ^[1]

Type	Gated by	Gene	Location	Function
IP3 receptor	IP3		ER/SR	Releases calcium from ER/SR in response to IP3 by e.g. GPCRs [1]
Ryanodine receptor	dihydropyridine receptors in T-tubules		ER/SR	Calcium-induced calcium release in myocytes [1]
Two-pore channel
Cation channels of sperm
store-operated channels	indirectly by ER/SR depletion of calcium[1]		plasma membrane

Pharmacology

Calcium channel blockers are used to treat hypertension.

References

External links

• MeSH Calcium+Channels

v • d • e Membrane transport protein: ion channels
Ca2+: Calcium channel	Voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-type/Cav1.2, Cav2.1, N-type, P-type, Q-type, R-type, T-type) - Inositol triphosphate receptor - Ryanodine receptor - Cation channels of sperm - Two-pore channel
Na+: Sodium channel	Nav1.4 - Nav1.5 - Nav1.7- Nav1.9 - Epithelial sodium channel
K+: Potassium channel	Voltage-gated (Kv1.1, KvLQT1, KvLQT2, KvLQT3, HERG, Shaker gene, KCNE1) - Calcium-activated (BK channel, SK channel, SK3) - Inward-rectifier (ROMK, Kir2.1, KCNJ11) - Tandem pore domain
Cl-: Chloride channel	Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Porin	Aquaporin (1, 2, 3, 4) - Voltage-dependent anion channel
Cations: TRP	TRPA - TRPC (TRPC6) - TRPM (TRPM6) - TRPML (Mucolipin-1) - TRPP - TRPV (TRPV1, TRPV6)
Other/general	Voltage-gated ion channel - Ligand-gated ion channel - Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel - Stretch-activated ion channel

de:Calciumkanal

fr:Canal calcique

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Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .