Campylobacter jejuni
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| Campylobacter jejuni | ||||||||||||||
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 Scanning electron micrograph of C. jejuni demonstrating the chracteristic curved rod shape of the organism.
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| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
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| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Campylobacter jejuni (Jones et al. 1931) Veron & Chatelain 1973 |
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Campylobacter jejuni is a species of curved,long rod-shaped, Gram-negative microaerophilic, bacteria commonly found in animal feces.[1] It is one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis in the world. Food poisoning caused by Campylobacter species can be severely debilitating but is rarely life-threatening. It has been linked with subsequent development of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which usually develops two to three weeks after the initial illness.
C. jejuni is commonly associated with poultry and naturally colonises the GI tract of many bird species. It has also been isolated from wombat and kangaroo feces, being a cause of bushwalkers' diarrhea. Contaminated drinking water and unpasteurized milk provide an efficient means for distribution. Contaminated food is a major source of isolated infections, with incorrectly prepared meat and raw poultry normally the source of the bacteria.
Infection with C. jejuni usually results in enteritis, which is characterised by abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and malaise. The symptoms usually persist for between 24 hours and a week, but may be longer. Diarrhea can vary in severity from loose stools to bloody stools. No antibiotics are usually given as the disease is self-limiting, however, severe or prolonged cases may require ciprofloxacin, erythromycin or norfloxacin. Fluid and electrolyte replacement may be required for serious cases.
Laboratory characteristics
| Characteristic | Result |
|---|---|
| Growth at 25 °C | - |
| Growth at 35-37 °C | - |
| Growth at 42 °C | + |
| Nitrate reduction | + |
| Catalase test | + |
| Oxidase test | + |
| Growth on MacConkey agar | + |
| Motility (wet mount) | + |
| Glucose utilization | - |
| Hippurate hydrolysis | + |
| Resistance to naladixic acid | - |
| Resistance to cephalothin | + |
Campylobacter is grown on specially selective "CAMP" agar plates at 42 °C, the normal avian body temperature, rather than at 37 °C, the temperature at which most other pathogenic bacteria are grown. Since the colonies are oxidase positive, they will usually only grow in scanty amounts on the plates. Microaerophilic conditions are required for luxurious growth. The selective medium known as Skirrow's medium is used. Skirrow's medium is blood agar infused with a cocktail of antibiotics: vancomycin, polymixin-B and trimethoprim under microaerophilic conditions at 42 degrees.
See also
References
- Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced (2005-01-04). Retrieved on 2007-07-27.
- Gorbach, Sherwood L., Falagas, Matthew (editors) (2001). The 5 minute infectious diseases consult, 1st ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-30736-3.
- Online Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 7: Campylobacter - US Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition (accessed 13 October 2006)
Images
 Blood-free, charcoal-based selective medium agar (CSM) for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni. |
Campylobacter jejuni 5778 lores.jpg
Scanning electron micrograph depicting a number of Campylobacter jejuni bacteria. |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
