Cardiology

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Cardiology Network
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WikiDoc Resources for Cardiology
Articles
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Media
Powerpoint slides on Cardiology Images of Cardiology Photos of Cardiology Podcasts & MP3s on Cardiology Videos on Cardiology
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Cardiology Bandolier on Cardiology TRIP on Cardiology
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Cardiology at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Cardiology Clinical Trials on Cardiology at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Cardiology NICE Guidance on Cardiology NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Cardiology CDC on Cardiology
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Books on Cardiology
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Commentary
Blogs on Cardiology
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Definitions of Cardiology
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Symptoms of Cardiology Causes & Risk Factors for Cardiology Diagnostic studies for Cardiology Treatment of Cardiology
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Cardiology is the branch of medicine pertaining to the heart.

Cardiac pacemaker (Electrical system of the heart)

• Electrical conduction system of the heart
  • Action potential
    • Ventricular action potential
• Sinoatrial node
• Atrioventricular node
• Bundle of His
• Purkinje fibers

Basic cardiac physiology

• Systole
• Diastole
• Heart sounds
• Preload
• Afterload
• Kussmaul's sign

Disorders of the coronary circulation

• Atherosclerosis
• Restenosis
• Coronary heart disease (Ischaemic heart disease, Coronary artery disease)
• Acute coronary syndrome
  • Angina
  • Myocardial infarction (Heart attack)

Sudden cardiac death (The abrupt cessation of blood flow, leading to death)

• Cardiac arrest

Treatment of sudden cardiac death

• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Disorders of the myocardium (muscle of the heart)

• Cardiomyopathy
  • Ischemic cardiomyopathy
  • Nonischemic cardiomyopathy
    • Amyloid cardiomyopathy
    • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
      • Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS))
      • Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    • Dilated cardiomyopathy
      • Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
      • Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy
      • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (Transient apical ballooning, stress-induced cardiomyopathy)
    • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy)
    • Restrictive cardiomyopathy
• Congestive heart failure
  • Cor pulmonale
• Ventricular hypertrophy
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy
• Primary tumors of the heart
  • Myxoma
• Myocardial rupture

Disorders of the pericardium (outer lining of the heart)

• Pericarditis
• Pericardial tamponade
• Constrictive pericarditis

Disorders of the heart valves

• Aortic valve disorders
  • Aortic insufficiency
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Aortic valve replacement
  • Aortic valve repair
  • Aortic valvuloplasty
• Mitral valve disorders
  • Mitral valve prolapse
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Mitral stenosis
  • Mitral valve replacement
  • Mitral valve repair
  • Mitral valvuloplasty
• Pulmonary valve disorders
  • Congenital pulmonic stenosis
• Tricuspid valve disorders

Disorders of the electrical system of the heart (Cardiac electrophysiology)

• Tachycardia
• Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Supraventricular tachycardia (Fast rhythms that originate above the ventricles)
    • Atrial fibrillation
    • Atrial flutter
    • Atrial tachycardia
    • Sick sinus syndrome (Tachy-Brady syndrome)
    • AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
    • AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)
  • Bigeminy
  • Premature ventricular contraction
  • Ventricular tachycardia
    • Torsades de pointes
  • Ventricular fibrillation
  • Sick sinus syndrome
  • Bundle branch block
    • Left bundle branch block
    • Right bundle branch block
  • Heart block
    • First degree AV block
    • Second degree AV block
    • Bifascicular block
    • Trifascicular block
    • Third degree AV block
      • Lev's disease
• Specific diseases of the electrical system of the heart
  • Brugada syndrome
  • Long QT syndrome
    • Andersen-Tawil syndrome
    • Romano-Ward syndrome
    • Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
  • Short QT syndrome
  • Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW syndrome)

Inflammation and infection of the heart

• Endocarditis
  • Rheumatic heart disease
• Myocarditis
• Pericarditis

Congenital heart disease

• Atrial septal defect
• Ventricular septal defect
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Bicuspid aortic valve
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Transposition of the great vessels (TGV)
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Diseases of blood vessels (Vascular diseases)

• Vasculitis
• Atherosclerosis
• Aneurysm
• Varicose veins
• Economy class syndrome
• Diseases of the aorta
  • Coarctation of the aorta
  • Aortic dissection
• Diseases of the carotid arteries
  • Carotid artery disease
  • Carotid artery dissection

Procedures done for coronary artery disease

• Percutaneous coronary intervention
  • Atherectomy
  • Angioplasty (PTCA)
  • Stenting
• Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)
• Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP)

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Devices used in cardiology

• Stethoscope
• Devices used to maintain normal electrical rhythm
  • Pacemaker
  • Defibrillator
    • Automated external defibrillator
    • Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
• Devices used to maintain blood pressure
  • Artificial heart
  • Heart-lung machine
  • Intra-aortic balloon pump
  • Ventricular assist device

Diagnostic tests and procedures

• Blood tests
• Echocardiogram
• Cardiac stress test
• Auscultation (Listening with the Stethoscope)

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

• • QT interval
  • Osborn wave
• Ambulatory Holter monitor
• Electrophysiologic study
  • Programmed electrical stimulation
• Sphygmomanometer (Blood pressure cuff)
• Cardiac enzymes
• Coronary catheterization
  • Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve (FFRmyo)
  • IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound)

Cardiac pharmaceutical agents

The followings are medications commonly prescribed in cardiology:

• Antiarrhythmic agents
  • Type I (sodium channel blockers)
    • Type Ia
      • Quinidine
    • Type Ib
      • Lidocaine
      • Phenytoin
    • Type Ic
      • Propafenone
  • Type II (beta blockers)
    • Metoprolol
  • Type III (potassium channel blockers)
    • Amiodarone
    • Dofetilide
    • Sotalol
  • Type IV (slow calcium channel blockers)
    • Diltiazem
    • Verapamil
  • Type V
    • Adenosine
    • Digoxin
• ACE inhibitors
  • Captopril
  • Enalapril
  • Perindopril
  • Ramipril
• Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
  • Candesartan
  • Eprosartan
  • Irbesartan
  • Losartan
  • Telmisartan
  • Valsartan
• Beta blocker
• Calcium channel blocker

See also

• Interventional cardiology
• Clinical cardiac electrophysiology
• Heart Failure Society of America

External links

• European Society of Cardiology
• U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH)
• American College of Cardiology
• American Heart Association
• National Heart Foundation Australia
• Coronary heart disease
• Virtual Cardiac Centre - latest comprehensive information on the field of Cardiology.
• Cardiovascular Physiology - comprehensive explanation of basic concepts in cardiology.
• Preventive Cardiology

v • d • e Health science > Medicine
Specialties and Subspecialties	Surgery Anesthesiology · Cardiac surgery · Cardiothoracic surgery · General surgery · Neurosurgery · Oral and maxillofacial surgery · Orthopedic surgery (Hand surgery) · Otolaryngology (ENT) · Pediatric surgery · Plastic surgery · Surgical oncology · Thoracic surgery · Transplant surgery · Trauma surgery · Urology · Vascular surgery Internal medicine Cardiology · Endocrinology · Gastroenterology · Hematology · Hepatology · Infectious diseases · Intensive care medicine · Nephrology · Oncology · Proctology · Pulmonology · Rheumatology Diagnostic Clinical laboratory sciences (Cellular pathology, Clinical chemistry, Hematology, Clinical microbiology, Clinical immunology, Transfusion medicine) · Radiology (Interventional radiology, Nuclear Medicine) · Pathology (Anatomical, Clinical) · Clinical neurophysiology Other specialties Allergy and immunology · Dermatology · Disaster medicine · Emergency medicine · General practice · Geriatrics · Neurology · Obstetrics and gynaecology (Fertility medicine, Reproductive medicine) · Occupational medicine · Ophthalmology · Palliative care · Pediatrics · Physical medicine and rehabilitation (Physiatry) · Preventive medicine · Psychiatry ·
Other	Allopathic medicine · Epidemiology · History of medicine · Hospital medicine · Medical education · Medical genetics · Medical school · Osteopathic medicine · Pharmacy · Physician (M.D. and D.O.) · Physician Assistant · Public health · Sports medicine

v • d • e Cardiovascular system
Systemic circulation	Heart  → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → Heart
Pulmonary circulation	Heart → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Heart

v • d • e Circulatory system pathology (I, 390-459)
Hypertension	Hypertensive heart disease - Hypertensive nephropathy - Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension)
Ischaemic heart disease	Angina pectoris (Prinzmetal's angina) - Myocardial infarction (heart attack) - Dressler's syndrome
Pulmonary circulation	Pulmonary embolism - Cor pulmonale
Pericardium	Pericarditis - Pericardial effusion - Cardiac tamponade
Endocardium/heart valves	Endocarditis - mitral valve (regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis) - aortic valve (stenosis, insufficiency) - pulmonary valve (stenosis, insufficiency) - tricuspid valve (stenosis, insufficiency)
Myocardium	Myocarditis - Cardiomyopathy (Dilated cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Loeffler endocarditis, Restrictive cardiomyopathy) - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
Electrical conduction system of the heart	Heart block: AV block (First degree, Second degree, Third degree) - Bundle branch block (Left, Right) - Bifascicular block - Trifascicular block Pre-excitation syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White, Lown-Ganong-Levine) - Long QT syndrome - Adams-Stokes syndrome - Cardiac arrest - Sudden cardiac death Arrhythmia: Paroxysmal tachycardia (Supraventricular, AV nodal reentrant, Ventricular) - Atrial flutter - Atrial fibrillation (Familial) - Ventricular fibrillation - Premature contraction (Atrial, Ventricular) - Ectopic pacemaker - Sick sinus syndrome
Other heart conditions	Heart failure - Cardiovascular disease - Cardiomegaly - Ventricular hypertrophy (Left, Right)
Cerebrovascular diseases	Stroke - Transient ischemic attack - Intracranial hemorrhage/cerebral hemorrhage: Extra-axial hemorrhage (Epidural hemorrhage, Subdural hemorrhage, Subarachnoid hemorrhage) Intra-axial hematoma (Intraventricular hemorrhages, Intraparenchymal hemorrhage) - Anterior spinal artery syndrome - Binswanger's disease - Moyamoya disease
Arteries, arterioles and capillaries	Atherosclerosis (Renal artery stenosis) - Aortic dissection/Aortic aneurysm (Abdominal aortic aneurysm) - Aneurysm - Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease - Buerger's disease - Vasculitis/Arteritis (Aortitis) - Intermittent claudication - Arteriovenous fistula - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - Spider angioma - Dissection (Carotid artery, Vertebral artery)
Veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes	Thrombosis/Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis (Deep vein thrombosis, May-Thurner syndrome, Portal vein thrombosis, Venous thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Renal vein thrombosis, Paget-Schroetter disease) - Varicose veins / Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Varicocele, Gastric varices, Caput medusae) - Superior vena cava syndrome - Lymph (Lymphadenitis, Lymphedema, Lymphangitis)
Other	Hypotension (Orthostatic hypotension) - Rheumatic fever
See also congenital (Q20-Q28, 745-747)

v • d • e Electrocardiography
Overview	History of the EKG • EKG interpretation basics • Normal sinus rhythm
EKG Complexes	P wave • QRS complex • ST Segment • T wave • U wave Osborn wave • H wave • K wave • Delta wave NSSTW changes
EKG Intervals	PR Interval • QRS Interval • ST Interval • QT Interval
Conduction System & Bradycardia	Cardiac pacemaker • SA node • AV node• Bundle of His • Purkinje fibers • Sinus bradycardia • First Degree AV Block • Second Degree AV Block • Complete or Third-Degree AV Block • Concealed conduction • AV Junctional Rhythms • LBBB • LAHB • LPHB • RBBB • Trifascicular block
Atrial Arrhythmias	Sinus tachycardia • Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs) • Ectopic Atrial Rhythm • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block • Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT) • Atrial Flutter • Atrial Fibrillation • Wandering atrial pacemaker
Ventricular Arrhythmias	Differential Diagnosis of Tachycardia with a Wide QRS Complex • Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm • Ventricular Parasystole • Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) • Ventricular tachycardia • Ventricular Fibrillation • Sudden cardiac death
EKG Abnormalities in Disease States	Hypertrophy & Dilatation • Right atrial enlargement • Left atrial enlargement • Biatrial enlargement • Left Ventricular Hypertrophy • Right Ventricular Hypertrophy • Biventricular Hypertrophy • Acute myocardial infarction • NSTEMI • STEMI • Right ventricular myocardial infarction • Atrial infarction Pre-excitation Syndromes • Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome • Lown Ganong Levine Syndrome • Mahaim Type Preexcitation Cardiomyopathies • Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia • Dilated Cardiomyopathy • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Drug Effects on the EKG • Adenosine • β-blockers • Digitalis • Quinidine • Procainamide • Disopyramide • Lidocaine • Tocainide and Mexiletine • Phenytoin • Encainide, Flecainide and Propafenone • Amiodarone • Bretylium • Ca Channel Blockers • Phenothiazines • Tricyclic Antidepressants • Lithium Congenital Heart Disease • Dextrocardia • Atrial Septal Defect • Ventricular Septal Defect • Tetralogy of Fallot • Conjoined Twins or Siamese Twins Electrolyte Disturbances • Hyperkalemia • Hypokalemia • Hypercalcemia • Hypocalcemia • Nonspecific Changes Other Heart Diseases • Pericarditis • Myocarditis • Tamponade • Heart Transplantation • Sick Sinus Syndrome • Long QT Syndrome Inherited Disease • Brugada Syndrome Systemic Diseases • CNS Disease • Cardiac Tumors Heart Transplantation • EKG Changes in patient with Heart Transplantation Exogenous Effects • Hypothermia • Chest Trauma • Insect Bites • Electric Injuries
Technical Issues and Potential Errors in Interpretation	Artifacts • Lead Placement Errors • The EKG in a Patient with a Pacemaker

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Cardiology (Click show to right to view)
Articles on Cardiology	Most recent articles on Cardiology • Most cited articles on Cardiology • Review articles on Cardiology • Articles on Cardiology in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Cardiology	Powerpoint slides on Cardiology • Images of Cardiology • Photos of Cardiology • Podcasts & MP3s on Cardiology • Videos on Cardiology
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Cardiology	Cochrane Collaboration on Cardiology • Bandolier on Cardiology • TRIP on Cardiology
Cost Effectiveness of Cardiology	Cost Effectiveness of Cardiology
Clinical Trials Involving Cardiology	Ongoing Trials on Cardiology at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Cardiology • Clinical Trials on Cardiology at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Cardiology	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Cardiology • NICE Guidance on Cardiology • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Cardiology • CDC on Cardiology
Textbook Information on Cardiology	Books and Textbook Information on Cardiology
Pharmacology Resources on Cardiology	Dosing of Cardiology • Drug interactions with Cardiology • Side effects of Cardiology • Allergic reactions to Cardiology • Overdose information on Cardiology • Carcinogenicity information on Cardiology • Cardiology in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Cardiology •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Cardiology	Genetics of Cardiology • Pharmacogenomics of Cardiology • Proteomics of Cardiology
Newstories on Cardiology	Cardiology in the news • Be alerted to news on Cardiology • News trends on Cardiology
Commentary on Cardiology	Blogs on Cardiology
Patient Resources on Cardiology	Patient resources on Cardiology • Discussion groups on Cardiology • Patient Handouts on Cardiology • Directions to Hospitals Treating Cardiology • Risk calculators and risk factors for Cardiology
Healthcare Provider Resources on Cardiology	Symptoms of Cardiology • Causes & Risk Factors for Cardiology • Diagnostic studies for Cardiology • Treatment of Cardiology
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Cardiology	CME Programs on Cardiology
International Resources on Cardiology	Cardiology en Espanol • Cardiology en Francais
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