Celiac artery

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Artery: Cantelmi artery
The celiac artery and its branches. (Celiac artery visibile at center.)
The celiac artery and its branches. (Lienal artery is an old term for splenic artery. The stomach is raised and inverted - compare with image above.)
Latin	truncus celiacus, truncus coeliacus, arteria celiaca
Gray's	subject #154 603
Source	abdominal aorta
Branches	left gastric artery common hepatic artery splenic artery
MeSH	Celiac+Artery
Dorlands / Elsevier	t_20/12825991

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The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk and also spelled as coeliac, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta and branches from the aorta around the level of the T12 vertebra in humans. It is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta (the others are the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries).

Region supplied

The celiac artery supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, stomach, abdominal oesophagus, spleen and the superior half of both the duodenum and the pancreas. These structures correspond to the embryonic foregut. (Similarly, the superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery feed structures arising from the embryonic midgut and hindgut respectively. Note that these three anterior branches of the abdominal aorta are distinct and cannot substitute for one another, although there are limited connections between their terminal branches.)

The celiac artery is an essential source of blood, since the interconnections with the other major arteries of the gut are not sufficient to sustain adequate perfusion. Thus it cannot be safely ligated in a living person, and obstruction of the celiac artery will lead to necrosis of the structures it supplies.

Branches

There are three main divisions of the celiac artery, and each in turn has its own named branches.

Artery	Branches
left gastric artery	esophageal branch, hepatic branch
common hepatic artery	proper hepatic artery,right gastric artery, gastroduodenal artery
splenic artery	dorsal pancreatic artery, short gastric arteries, left gastro-omental artery

The celiac artery may also give rise to the inferior phrenic arteries.

Drainage

The celiac artery is the only major artery that nourishes the abdominal digestive organs that does not have a similarly-named vein.

Most blood returning from the digestive organs (including from the area of distribution of the celiac artery) is diverted to the liver via the portal venous system for further processing and detoxification in the liver before returning to the systemic circulation via the hepatic veins.

In contrast to the drainage of midgut and hindgut structures by the superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein respectively, venous return from the celiac artery is through either the splenic vein emptying into the hepatic portal vein or via smaller tributaries of the portal venous system.

Notably, the splenic vein carries bilirubin (the waste product of hemoglobin metabolism) to the liver for excretion via the bile duct.

Additional images

Abdominal part of digestive tube and its attachment to the primitive or common mesentery. Human embryo of six weeks.	The pancreas and duodenum from behind.	Posterior abdominal wall, after removal of the peritoneum, showing kidneys, suprarenal capsules, and great vessels.	The anterior surfaces of the kidneys, showing the areas of contact of neighboring viscera.
Front of abdomen, showing surface markings for arteries and inguinal canal.

External links

• SUNY Figs 38:01-09 - "Branches of the celiac trunk."
• SUNY Figs 40:05-01 - "Parietal and visceral branches of the abdominal aorta."
• celiac+%28arterial%29+trunk at eMedicine Dictionary
• Norman/Georgetown celiactrunk
• MedEd at Loyola Radio/curriculum/Vascular/hema144A.jpg

v • d • e Cardiovascular system
Systemic circulation	Heart  → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava → Heart
Pulmonary circulation	Heart → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Heart

v • d • e Arteries of torso - abdomen
AA: Anterior	celiac left gastric splenic: pancreatic branches (arteria pancreatica magna) – short gastric – left gastro-omental common hepatic: proper hepatic (cystic), right gastric, gastroduodenal (right gastro-omental, superior pancreaticoduodenal) SMA inferior pancreaticoduodenal – intestinal – ileocolic (appendicular) – right colic – middle colic IMA left colic – sigmoid – superior rectal – marginal
AA: Posterior	visceral: middle suprarenal – renal (inferior suprarenal) – testicular/ovarian parietal: inferior phrenic (superior suprarenal) – lumbar – median sacral terminal: common iliac (IIA, EIA)
IIA: Anterior	umbilical (superior vesical, to ductus deferens) – inferior vesical – middle rectal – uterine (azygos of the vagina) – vaginal – obturator (anterior branch, posterior branch) – internal pudendal (inferior rectal, perineal, artery of the urethral bulb, urethral, deep artery of the penis, dorsal artery of the penis) – inferior gluteal (accompanying of ischiadic nerve, crucial anastomosis)
IIA: Posterior	iliolumbar – lateral sacral – superior gluteal
EIA	inferior epigastric (cremasteric) – deep circumflex iliac

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .