Chlorate
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The chlorate anion has the formula ClO3−. In this case, the chlorine atom is in the +5 oxidation state. "Chlorate" can also refer to chemical compounds containing this anion; chlorates are the salts of chloric acid. As predicted by VSEPR, chlorate anions have trigonal pyrimidal structures.
Chlorates are powerful oxidizers and should be kept away from organics or easily oxidized materials. Chlorates were once widely used in pyrotechnics, though their use has fallen due to their instability. Most pyrotechnic applications which used chlorates in the past now use perchlorates instead.
Examples of chlorates include:
- potassium chlorate, KClO3
- sodium chlorate, NaClO3
- magnesium chlorate, Mg(ClO3)2
- See also: :Category:Chlorates
Preparation
Metal chlorates can be prepared by adding chlorine to hot metal hydroxides, for example, KClO3:
- 3Cl2 + 6KOH → 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
The industrial scale synthesis for sodium chlorate starts from sodium chloride. {If the electrolysis is not done with the method described at chlorine, but a mixing of the chlorine evolved and the sodium hydroxide is allowed, the reaction mentioned above takes place. The heating to 50-70°C is done by the electrical power applied for electrolysis.[citation needed]
Stock notation
If a Roman numeral in brackets follow the word "chlorate", this refers to the oxyanion containing chlorine in the respective oxidation state, namely:
| Common name | Stock name | Oxidation state | Formula |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hypochlorite | Chlorate(I) | +1 | ClO− |
| Chlorite | Chlorate(III) | +3 | ClO2− |
| Chlorate | Chlorate(V) | +5 | ClO3− |
| Perchlorate | Chlorate(VII) | +7 | ClO4− |
Using this convention, "chlorate" means any chlorine oxyanion. However, Stock notation for chlorine is quite uncommon, and "chlorate" typically refers only to the +5 oxidation state.Template:Inorganic-compound-stub
de:Chloratfr:Acide chlorique gl:Clorato he:כלוראט no:Klorat nn:Klorat
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
