Clotrimazole
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| Image:Clotrimazole structure.svg | |
| Image:Clotrimazole-3D-balls.png | |
| Clotrimazole
| |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)-diphenyl-methyl]imidazole | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | A01 D01AC01, G01AF02 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C22H17ClN2 |
| Mol. mass | 344.837 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Poorly and erratically absorbed orally |
| Protein binding | 90% |
| Metabolism | hepatic |
| Half life | 2 hours |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. | |
| Legal status |
P(UK) |
| Routes | topical |
Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used in the treatment of fungal infections of both humans and animals such as vaginal yeast infections and ringworm. It is also used to treat athlete's foot and jock itch.
Contents |
Indications and formulations
It is commonly available as an over-the-counter substance in various dosage forms, such as a cream, and also (especially in the case of ear infection) as a combination medicine. In the latter case, it typically includes an antibiotic such as Marbofloxacin, and is applied in liquid form, as ear drops.
Fungal infections can be slow to clear up, so the usual course for an anti-fungal agent is generally longer than the typical 3-7 days of an antibiotic.
Women who suffer from vaginal yeast infections, such as candidiasis, can buy clotrimazole at a pharmacy. In the UK, Australia, Canada, Germany, and parts of Latin America and the Caribbean the drug is marketed under the name Canesten. In the US it is marketed as MyCelex and Lotrimin or Lotrimin AF; in Israel, as Agisten, Clotrimaderm, or Clotrimazole-Teva.
In Australia suffers can use 'Clonea Antifungal Skin Cream' which contains 10mg/g of clotrimazole, and should be applied sparingly to the affected area 2-3 times daily. Furthermore it is essential to continue using the cream two weeks after the infection is disappeared to avoid reinfection.
Drug interactions
There is the potential for drug interactions with Clotrimazole if taken orally, as it is a potent, specific inhibitor of cytochrome P450 oxidase enzymes and so may alter the metabolism of other drugs.
Side effects
Occasionally may cause localised irritation of the skin with a mild burning sensation, redness and itching.
External links
- MedlinePlus - Clotrimazole
Stomatological preparations (A01) | |
|---|---|
| Caries prophylactic agents | Sodium fluoride - Sodium monofluorophosphate - Olaflur - Stannous fluoride |
| Anti-infectives and antiseptics | Hydrogen peroxide - Chlorhexidine - Amphotericin B - Polynoxylin - Domiphen - Oxyquinoline - Neomycin - Miconazole - Natamycin - Hexetidine - Tetracycline - Benzoxonium chloride - Tibezonium iodide - Mepartricin - Metronidazole - Clotrimazole - Sodium perborate - Chlortetracycline - Doxycycline - Minocycline - Eugenol |
| Corticosteroids | Triamcinolone - Dexamethasone - Hydrocortisone |
| Other | Epinephrine/Adrenalone - Benzydamine - Acetylsalicylic acid - Amlexanox |
Antifungals (D01 and J02) | |
|---|---|
| Antibiotics | Griseofulvin • polyene antimycotics (Natamycin, Nystatin) |
| Topical azoles | imidazoles (Bifonazole, Clomidazole, Clotrimazole, Econazole, Fenticonazole, Ketoconazole, Isoconazole, Miconazole, Oxiconazole, Sertaconazole, Sulconazole, Tioconazole) • triazoles (Fluconazole) • benzimidazole (Thiabendazole) |
| Other topicals | Ciclopirox • Ethylparaben • Flucytosine • Salicylic acid • Selenium sulfide • Tolnaftate • Undecylenic acid • allylamines (Amorolfine, Butenafine, Naftifine, Terbinafine) |
| For systemic use | Griseofulvin • allylamine (Terbinafine) • polyene antimycotic (Amphotericin B) • triazoles (Itraconazole, Posaconazole, Voriconazole) • echinocandins (Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, Micafungin) |
| Other | Tea tree oil • citronella oil • lemon grass • orange oil • patchouli • lemon myrtle |
Gynecological anti-infectives and antiseptics (G01) | |
|---|---|
| Antibiotics | polyene antimycotic (Nystatin, Natamycin, Amphotericin B) - Candicidin - Chloramphenicol - Hachimycin - Oxytetracycline - Carfecillin - Mepartricin - Clindamycin - Pentamycin |
| Arsenic compounds | Acetarsol |
| Quinoline derivatives | Diiodohydroxyquinoline - Clioquinol - Chlorquinaldol - Dequalinium - Broxyquinoline - Oxyquinoline |
| Organic acids | Lactic acid - Acetic acid - Ascorbic acid |
| Sulfonamides | Sulfatolamide |
| Imidazole derivatives | Metronidazole - Clotrimazole - Miconazole - Econazole - Ornidazole - Isoconazole - Tioconazole - Ketoconazole - Fenticonazole - Azanidazole - Propenidazole - Butoconazole - Omoconazole - Oxiconazole - Flutrimazole |
| Triazole derivatives | Terconazole |
| Other | Clodantoin - Inosine - Policresulen - Nifuratel - Furazolidone - Methylrosaniline - Povidone-iodine - Ciclopirox - Protiofate - Lactobacillus fermentum - Copper usnate |
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