Conn syndrome

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	Conn's syndrome; Classification and external resources
	Aldosterone
ICD-10	E26.0
ICD-9	255.1
DiseasesDB	3073
MedlinePlus	000330
eMedicine	med/432
MeSH	D006929

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Conn's syndrome is characterized by the overproduction of the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone by the adrenal glands. Aldosterone causes sodium and water retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys, leading to arterial hypertension (high blood pressure). It is a rare but recognised cause of hypertension.

Signs, symptoms and findings

Conn's syndrome is also known as primary hyperaldosteronism. Apart from high blood pressure, the symptoms may include muscle cramps and headaches (due to the low potassium), metabolic alkalosis (due to increased secretion of H+ ions by the kidney). The high pH of the blood makes calcium less available to the tissues and causes symptoms of hypocalcemia (low calcium levels).

It can be mimicked by liquorice ingestion (glycyrrhizin) and Liddle syndrome.

Diagnosis

Measuring aldosterone alone is not considered adequate to diagnose Conn's syndrome. Rather, both renin and aldosterone are measured, and the ratio is diagnostic.^[1]^[1]

Usually, renin levels are suppressed, leading to a very low renin-aldosterone ratio (<0.0005). This test is confounded by antihypertensive drugs, which have to be stopped up to 6 weeks.

If there is biochemic proof of hyperaldosteronism, CT scanning can confirm the presence of an adrenal adenoma.

Major endocrine glands. (Male left, female on the right.) 1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal gland 6. Pancreas 7. Ovary 8. Testis

Causes

The syndrome is due to:

aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma (benign tumor, 50-60%)
hyperplasia of the adrenal gland (40-50%)
rare forms

Therapy

Surgical removal of the offending adrenal (adrenalectomy) takes away the source of the excess hormones.^[1] Meanwhile, the blood pressure can be controlled with spironolactone (a diuretic that counteracts the actions of aldosterone) and other antihypertensives.

Eponym

It is named after Dr Jerome W. Conn (1907-1994), the American endocrinologist who first described the condition in 1955. ^[1]

References

de:Conn-Syndrom fr:Syndrome de Conn nl:Syndroom van Conn sv:Conns sjukdom

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .

[1]

v • d • e Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases (E00-35, 240-259)
Thyroid	Hypothyroidism (Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Goitre, Myxedema) - Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease, Toxic multinodular goitre, Teratoma with thyroid tissue or Struma ovarii) - Thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis) - Euthyroid sick syndrome
Pancreas	Diabetes mellitus (type 1, type 2, coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy) - Hypoglycemia - Hyperinsulinism - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - insulin receptor (Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome)
Parathyroid	Hypoparathyroidism (Pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Hyperparathyroidism (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)
Pituitary	Hyperpituitarism (Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, SIADH) - Hypopituitarism (Simmonds' disease/Sheehan's syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Diabetes insipidus) - Adiposogenital dystrophy - Empty sella syndrome
Adrenal	Cushing's syndrome (Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) - CAH (Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α) - Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome) - Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) - Hypoaldosteronism
Gonads	ovarian dysfunction (Polycystic ovary syndrome, Premature ovarian failure) - testicular dysfunction (5-alpha-reductase deficiency) - testosterone biosynthesis (17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency) - general (Hypogonadism, Delayed puberty, Precocious puberty)
Other	Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome - Carcinoid syndrome - Gigantism - Short stature (Laron syndrome, Psychogenic dwarfism) - Multiple endocrine neoplasia (1, 2) - Progeria - Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Conn syndrome (Click show to right to view)
Articles on Conn syndrome	Most recent articles on Conn syndrome • Most cited articles on Conn syndrome • Review articles on Conn syndrome • Articles on Conn syndrome in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Conn syndrome	Powerpoint slides on Conn syndrome • Images of Conn syndrome • Photos of Conn syndrome • Podcasts & MP3s on Conn syndrome • Videos on Conn syndrome
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Conn syndrome	Cochrane Collaboration on Conn syndrome • Bandolier on Conn syndrome • TRIP on Conn syndrome
Cost Effectiveness of Conn syndrome	Cost Effectiveness of Conn syndrome
Clinical Trials Involving Conn syndrome	Ongoing Trials on Conn syndrome at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Conn syndrome • Clinical Trials on Conn syndrome at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Conn syndrome	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Conn syndrome • NICE Guidance on Conn syndrome • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Conn syndrome • CDC on Conn syndrome
Textbook Information on Conn syndrome	Books and Textbook Information on Conn syndrome
Pharmacology Resources on Conn syndrome	Dosing of Conn syndrome • Drug interactions with Conn syndrome • Side effects of Conn syndrome • Allergic reactions to Conn syndrome • Overdose information on Conn syndrome • Carcinogenicity information on Conn syndrome • Conn syndrome in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Conn syndrome •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Conn syndrome	Genetics of Conn syndrome • Pharmacogenomics of Conn syndrome • Proteomics of Conn syndrome
Newstories on Conn syndrome	Conn syndrome in the news • Be alerted to news on Conn syndrome • News trends on Conn syndrome
Commentary on Conn syndrome	Blogs on Conn syndrome
Patient Resources on Conn syndrome	Patient resources on Conn syndrome • Discussion groups on Conn syndrome • Patient Handouts on Conn syndrome • Directions to Hospitals Treating Conn syndrome • Risk calculators and risk factors for Conn syndrome
Healthcare Provider Resources on Conn syndrome	Symptoms of Conn syndrome • Causes & Risk Factors for Conn syndrome • Diagnostic studies for Conn syndrome • Treatment of Conn syndrome
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Conn syndrome	CME Programs on Conn syndrome
International Resources on Conn syndrome	Conn syndrome en Espanol • Conn syndrome en Francais
Business Resources on Conn syndrome	Conn syndrome in the Marketplace • Patents on Conn syndrome
Informatics Resources on Conn syndrome	List of terms related to Conn syndrome

Conn syndrome

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Conn's syndrome Classification and external resources
Aldosterone
ICD-10	E 26.0
ICD-9	255.1
DiseasesDB	3073
MedlinePlus	000330
eMedicine	med/432
MeSH	D006929

Articles
WikiDoc Resources for Conn syndrome
Most recent articles on Conn syndrome Most cited articles on Conn syndrome Review articles on Conn syndrome Articles on Conn syndrome in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Conn syndrome Images of Conn syndrome Photos of Conn syndrome Podcasts & MP3s on Conn syndrome Videos on Conn syndrome
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Conn syndrome Bandolier on Conn syndrome TRIP on Conn syndrome
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Conn syndrome at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Conn syndrome Clinical Trials on Conn syndrome at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Conn syndrome NICE Guidance on Conn syndrome NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Conn syndrome CDC on Conn syndrome
Books
Books on Conn syndrome
News
Conn syndrome in the news Be alerted to news on Conn syndrome News trends on Conn syndrome
Commentary
Blogs on Conn syndrome
Definitions
Definitions of Conn syndrome
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Conn syndrome Discussion groups on Conn syndrome Patient Handouts on Conn syndrome Directions to Hospitals Treating Conn syndrome Risk calculators and risk factors for Conn syndrome
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Conn syndrome Causes & Risk Factors for Conn syndrome Diagnostic studies for Conn syndrome Treatment of Conn syndrome
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Conn syndrome
International
Conn syndrome en Espanol Conn syndrome en Francais
Businness
Conn syndrome in the Marketplace Patents on Conn syndrome
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Conn syndrome