Liothyronine sodium
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| Liothyronine sodium
| |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| L-Tyrosine, O-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-,minisodium salt | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | H03 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C15H11I3NNaO4 |
| Mol. mass | 672.96 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Protein binding | 99.7% |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | 2.5 days |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
? |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | ? |
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Liothyronine sodium is the L-isomer of triiodothyronine (T3), a form of thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema coma. It is marketed under the brand name Cytomel (or Tertroxin in Australia).
Pharmacology
Liothyronine is the most potent form of thyroid hormone. As such, it acts on the body to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. The thyroid hormones are essential to proper development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. These hormones also regulate protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, affecting how human cells use energetic compounds.
In comparison to levothyroxine (T4), liothyronine has a faster onset of action as well as a shorter biological half-life, which may be due to less plasma protein binding to thyroxine-binding globulin and transthyretin.
Side effects
Liothyronine may cause a number of side effects, which include:[1]
- weight loss
- tremor
- headache
- upset stomach
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- stomach cramps
- nervousness
- irritability
- insomnia
- excessive sweating
- increased appetite
- fever
- changes in menstrual cycle
- sensitivity to heat
- temporary hair loss, particularly in children during the first month of therapy
Black box warning
The package insert for Cytomel contains the following black box warning:[1]
Drugs with thyroid hormone activity, alone or together with other therapeutic agents, have been used for the treatment of obesity. In euthyroid patients, doses within the range of daily hormonal requirements are ineffective for weight reduction. Larger doses may produce serious or even life-threatening manifestations of toxicity, particularly when given in association with sympathomimetic amines such as those used for their anorectic effects.
See also
References
Thyroid therapy (H03) | |
|---|---|
| Thyroid hormones | Levothyroxine sodium - Liothyronine sodium - Tiratricol - Thyroid gland preparations |
| Antithyroid preparations | Thiouracils (Methylthiouracil, Propylthiouracil, Benzylthiouracil) - Sulfur-containing imidazole derivatives (Carbimazole, Thiamazole) - Perchlorates (Potassium perchlorate) - Other (Diiodotyrosine, Dibromotyrosine) |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
