Cytoplasm
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Overview
Cytoplasm is a gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid that fills most cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus that is kept separate from the cytoplasm by a double membrane layer.
Constituents
The cytoplasm has three major elements; the cytosol, organelles and inclusions. The cytosol is the gooey, semi-transparent fluid in which the other cytoplasmic elements are suspended. The cytoplasm holds organelles and protects them, such as the vacuole, endoplasmic recticulum, etc. Cytosol makes up about 70% of the cell and is composed of water, salts and organic molecules.[1] The cytoskeleton, various proteins, ribosomes and enzymes that are necessary for the cell to catalyze reactions are also found throughout the cytosol. The inner, granular and more fluid portion of the cytoplasm is referred to as endoplasm.
The organelles are the metabolic machinery of the cell and are like little organs themselves. Some major organelles that are suspended in the cytosol are the mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and in plant cells chloroplasts. The inclusions are chemical substances that store nutrients, secretory products and pigment granules. [1]
Function
The cytoplasm is the site where most cellular activities are done. The functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of the cell. The cytosol has enzymes that take molecules and break them down , so that the individual organelles can use them as they need to. The cytosol also contains the cytoskeleton which gives the cell its shape and can help in the movement of the cell.[1]
References
Additional Resource
- Alberts, Bruce et al. (2003). Essential Cell Biology, 2nd ed., Garland Science, 2003, ISBN 081533480X.
External links
- Human Anatomy & Physiology, seventh edition By; Elain N Marieb and Latja Hoehn.
- What is cytoplasm? - by Genevieve Thiers -2002
- Glencoe Science Biology The Dynamics of Life
bn:সাইটোপ্লাজম bs:Citoplazma bg:Цитоплазма ca:Citoplasma cs:Cytoplazma da:Cytoplasma de:Zytoplasma et:Tsütoplasmaeo:Citoplasmo fr:Cytoplasme ko:세포질 hr:Citoplazma id:Sitoplasma it:Citoplasma he:ציטופלזמה lv:Citoplazma lb:Zytoplasma lt:Citoplazma hu:Citoplazma mk:Цитоплазма ms:Sitoplasma nl:Cytoplasma ja:細胞質 no:Cytoplasma oc:Citoplasmasq:Citoplazma simple:Cytoplasm sk:Cytoplazma sl:Citoplazma sr:Цитоплазма sh:Citoplazma fi:Solulima sv:Cytoplasma vi:Tế bào chấtuk:Цитоплазма
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
