Hepatomegaly

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Overview

Name of Symptom/Sign:
Hepatomegaly
Classifications and external resources

ICD-10	R16..0
ICD-9	789.1

WikiDoc Resources for Hepatomegaly
Articles
Most recent articles on Hepatomegaly Most cited articles on Hepatomegaly Review articles on Hepatomegaly Articles on Hepatomegaly in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Hepatomegaly Images of Hepatomegaly Photos of Hepatomegaly Podcasts & MP3s on Hepatomegaly Videos on Hepatomegaly
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Hepatomegaly Bandolier on Hepatomegaly TRIP on Hepatomegaly
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Hepatomegaly at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Hepatomegaly Clinical Trials on Hepatomegaly at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hepatomegaly NICE Guidance on Hepatomegaly NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Hepatomegaly CDC on Hepatomegaly
Books
Books on Hepatomegaly
News
Hepatomegaly in the news Be alerted to news on Hepatomegaly News trends on Hepatomegaly
Commentary
Blogs on Hepatomegaly
Definitions
Definitions of Hepatomegaly
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Hepatomegaly Discussion groups on Hepatomegaly Patient Handouts on Hepatomegaly Directions to Hospitals Treating Hepatomegaly Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatomegaly
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Hepatomegaly Causes & Risk Factors for Hepatomegaly Diagnostic studies for Hepatomegaly Treatment of Hepatomegaly
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Hepatomegaly
International
Hepatomegaly en Espanol Hepatomegaly en Francais
Businness
Hepatomegaly in the Marketplace Patents on Hepatomegaly
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Hepatomegaly

Synonyms and related keywords: Enlarged liver, Liver enlargement

Hepatomegaly is the condition of having an enlarged liver. It is a nonspecific medical sign having many causes, which can broadly be broken down into infection, direct toxicity, hepatic tumors, or metabolic disorder. Often, hepatomegaly will present as an abdominal mass. Depending on the cause, it may sometimes present along with jaundice.

Palpable Liver without Hepatic Pathology

• Normal variant
• Thin or flaccid abdominal wall
• Depressed right diaphragm (e.g., emphysema)
• Subdiaphragmatic lesion (e.g., abscess)
• Riedel's lobe

True Hepatic Enlargement

Inflammatory liver disease

• Hepatitis

• Infectious

  • Bacterial

    • Glandular fever (Infectious mononucleosis) This is caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV).
    • Malaria
    • Hydatid cyst
    • Leptospirosis
    • Actinomycosis

  • Viral

    • Hepatitis A
    • Hepatitis B
    • HIV

  • Schistosomiasis
  • Others

• Alcoholic hepatitis
• Other toxins induced hepatitis
• Drug-induced hepatitis
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Steatohepatitis
• Steatosis
• Others

• Abscess

• Pyogenic
• Amebic

• Cholangitis

• Suppurative
• Sclerosing

• Pericholangitis (especially related to ulcerative colitis)

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

• Alcoholic
• Posthepatitic
• Postnecrotic
• Cholestatic

Cirrhotic

• Portal
• Biliary
• Cardiac

• Tricuspid insufficiency

Metabolic disorders

• Hemochromatosis

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

• Wilson's disease
• Cystic fibrosis

Other causes

• Extrahepatic biliary obstruction

• Choledocholithiasis
• Biliary stricture
• Pancreatitis
• Carcinoma

  • Bile ducts (cholangiocarcinoma)
  • Head of pancreas
  • Ampulla of Vater

• External compression

• Hepatic congestion

• Congestive heart failure
• Constrictive pericarditis
• Budd-Chiari syndrome (hepatic outflow obstruction, hepatic vein obstruction)

  • Thrombosis
  • Tumor
  • Web (inferior vena cava)

• Veno-occlusive disease

• Jamaican herbal tea
• After bone-marrow transplantation

• Infiltrative disorders, storage diseases

• Lipid accumulation

  • Fatty liver

    • Alcohol
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Obesity
    • Severe protein malnutrition (Kwashiorkor: dietary protein deficiency)
    • Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
    • Jejunoileal bypass
    • Parenteral hyperalimentation
    • Corticosteroids, Cushing's syndrome
    • Fatty liver of pregnancy
    • Massive tetracycline therapy
    • Toxins (e.g., carbon tetrachloride, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane)
    • Reye's syndrome

  • Lipid storage disease (especially Gaucher's disease, Niemann-Pick disease)

• Glycogen accumulation

  • Glycogen storage disease
  • Diabetic glycogenosis

• Granulomatous infiltration (especially sarcoidosis, miliary tuberculosis, disseminated fungal diseases, some drug reactions)
• Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders

  • Lymphoma
  • Myeloid metaplasia
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Leukemia

• Amyloidosis
• Congenital hepatic fibrosis
• Hemochromatosis
• Wilson's disease

• Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

• Hurler's syndrome

• Neoplasms

• Primary

  • Malignant

    Hepatocellular carcinoma

    Cholangiocarcinoma

    Angiosarcoma

  • Benign

    Hepatic adenoma

    Hemangioma

    Focal nodular hyperplasia

    Adenoma

• Metastatic

  • Pancreas
  • Colon
  • Lung
  • Breast
  • Stomach
  • Kidney
  • Esophagus
  • Carcinoid

• Cysts

• Congenital

  • Solitary
  • Polycystic

• Acquired (especially echinococcal)

• Hunter syndrome
• Zellweger's syndrome
• Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency
• Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
• Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency

Diagnosis

After a thorough medical history and physical examination, blood tests should be drawn. An important series of blood tests are the liver function tests, which give a good impression of the patient's broad metabolic picture.

An ultrasound of the liver can reliably detect a dilated biliary duct system, which helps distinguish parenchymal liver disease from extrahepatic bile duct obstruction. Ultrasound can also detect the characteristic texture of a cirrhotic liver, and can guide fine needle aspiration of cysts, abscesses and tumors.

Computed tomography (CT) can help obtain more accurate anatomical information, and is unaffected by the obesity or the presence of bowel gases.

Mnemonics for Hepatomegaly

V I N D I C A T E

References

• Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Anthony S. Fauci, Eugene Braunwald, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo, 17th Edition, 2008

See also

• Hepatosplenomegaly

External links

• National Institute of Health's Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia: Hepatomegaly
• Merck Manual: Hepatomegaly
• Goldminer: Hepatomegaly

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Hepatomegaly (Click show to right to view)
Articles on Hepatomegaly	Most recent articles on Hepatomegaly • Most cited articles on Hepatomegaly • Review articles on Hepatomegaly • Articles on Hepatomegaly in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Hepatomegaly	Powerpoint slides on Hepatomegaly • Images of Hepatomegaly • Photos of Hepatomegaly • Podcasts & MP3s on Hepatomegaly • Videos on Hepatomegaly
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Hepatomegaly	Cochrane Collaboration on Hepatomegaly • Bandolier on Hepatomegaly • TRIP on Hepatomegaly
Cost Effectiveness of Hepatomegaly	Cost Effectiveness of Hepatomegaly
Clinical Trials Involving Hepatomegaly	Ongoing Trials on Hepatomegaly at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Hepatomegaly • Clinical Trials on Hepatomegaly at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Hepatomegaly	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hepatomegaly • NICE Guidance on Hepatomegaly • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Hepatomegaly • CDC on Hepatomegaly
Textbook Information on Hepatomegaly	Books and Textbook Information on Hepatomegaly
Pharmacology Resources on Hepatomegaly	Dosing of Hepatomegaly • Drug interactions with Hepatomegaly • Side effects of Hepatomegaly • Allergic reactions to Hepatomegaly • Overdose information on Hepatomegaly • Carcinogenicity information on Hepatomegaly • Hepatomegaly in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Hepatomegaly •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Hepatomegaly	Genetics of Hepatomegaly • Pharmacogenomics of Hepatomegaly • Proteomics of Hepatomegaly
Newstories on Hepatomegaly	Hepatomegaly in the news • Be alerted to news on Hepatomegaly • News trends on Hepatomegaly
Commentary on Hepatomegaly	Blogs on Hepatomegaly
Patient Resources on Hepatomegaly	Patient resources on Hepatomegaly • Discussion groups on Hepatomegaly • Patient Handouts on Hepatomegaly • Directions to Hospitals Treating Hepatomegaly • Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatomegaly
Healthcare Provider Resources on Hepatomegaly	Symptoms of Hepatomegaly • Causes & Risk Factors for Hepatomegaly • Diagnostic studies for Hepatomegaly • Treatment of Hepatomegaly
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Hepatomegaly	CME Programs on Hepatomegaly
International Resources on Hepatomegaly	Hepatomegaly en Espanol • Hepatomegaly en Francais
Business Resources on Hepatomegaly	Hepatomegaly in the Marketplace • Patents on Hepatomegaly
Informatics Resources on Hepatomegaly	List of terms related to Hepatomegaly

v • d • e Symptoms and signs (R00-R69, 780-789)
Circulatory and respiratory systems	Tachycardia - Bradycardia - Palpitation - Heart murmur - Nosebleed - Hemoptysis - Cough - abnormalities of breathing (Dyspnea, Orthopnoea, Stridor, Wheeze, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Hyperventilation, Mouth breathing, Hiccup, Bradypnea, Hypoventilation) - Chest pain - Asphyxia - Pleurisy - Respiratory arrest - Sputum - Bruit
Digestive system and abdomen	Abdominal pain - Acute abdomen - Nausea - Vomiting - Heartburn - Dysphagia - Flatulence - Burping - Fecal incontinence - Encopresis - Hepatomegaly - Splenomegaly - Hepatosplenomegaly - Jaundice - Ascites - Fecal occult blood - Halitosis
Skin and subcutaneous tissue	disturbances of skin sensation (Hypoesthesia, Paresthesia, Hyperesthesia) - Rash - Cyanosis - Pallor - Flushing - Petechia - Desquamation - Induration
Nervous and musculoskeletal systems	abnormal involuntary movements (Tremor, Spasm, Fasciculation, Athetosis) - Gait abnormality - lack of coordination (Ataxia, Dysmetria, Dysdiadochokinesia, Hypotonia) - Tetany - Meningism - Hyperreflexia
Urinary system	Dysuria - Vesical tenesmus - Urinary incontinence - Urinary retention - Oliguria - Polyuria - Nocturia
Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour	Anxiety - Somnolence - Coma - Amnesia (Anterograde amnesia, Retrograde amnesia) - Dizziness/Vertigo - smell and taste (Anosmia, Ageusia, Parosmia, Parageusia)
Speech and voice	speech disturbances (Dysphasia, Aphasia, Dysarthria) - symbolic dysfunctions (Dyslexia, Alexia, Agnosia, Apraxia, Acalculia, Agraphia) - voice disturbances (Dysphonia, Aphonia)
General symptoms and signs	Fever (Hyperpyrexia) - Headache - Chronic pain - Malaise - Fatigue - Fainting (Vasovagal syncope) - Febrile seizure - Shock (Cardiogenic shock) - Lymphadenopathy - Edema (Peripheral edema, Anasarca) - Hyperhidrosis (Sleep hyperhidrosis) - Delayed milestone - Failure to thrive - food and fluid intake (Anorexia, Polydipsia, Polyphagia) - Cachexia - Xerostomia - Clubbing

de:Hepatomegaliefr:Hépatomégaliefi:Hepatomegalia

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .