Divalent
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In chemistry, divalent anions are atoms or radicals with 2 additional electrons when compared to their elemental state (that is, with 2 more electrons than protons); for instance, S-- is the sulfide anion. Conversely, a cation is missing some electrons as compared with the neutral atom. Example: iron(II) or Fe++ is the divalent cationic form of iron. The terminology arises because in solutions or arc discharges, cations are attracted to the cathode and anions to the anode.
Divalent cations are present in abundance in hard water; for example, Ca++ and Mg++. These ionic minerals in solution are what contribute to the properties of water which cause it to be hard, such as the formation of scale.
See also
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
