Endoderm

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Endoderm
Organs derived from endoderm.
Blastodermic vesicle of Vespertilio murinus. (Endoderm labeled as 'entoderm'.)
Gray's	subject #6 49
MeSH	Endoderm

Endoderm is one of the germ layers formed during animal embryogenesis. Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.

The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of the whole of the digestive tube except part of the mouth,pharynx and the terminal part of the rectum (which are lined by involutions of the ectoderm), the lining cells of all the glands which open into the digestive tube, including those of the liver and pancreas, the epithelium of the auditory tube and tympanic cavity, of the trachea, bronchi, and air cells of the lungs, of the urinary bladder and part of the urethra, and that which lines the follicles of the thyroid gland and thymus.

Production

The following graph represents the products produced by the endoderm.

Germ Layer	Category	Product
Endoderm	General[1]	Gastrointestinal tract
Endoderm	General	Respiratory tract
Endoderm	General	Endocrine glands and organs (liver and pancreas)

Additional images

Section through the embryo.

Section through ovum imbedded in the uterine decidua

See also

• Ectoderm
• Germ layer
• Histogenesis
• Mesoderm
• Organogenesis
• Endodermal sinus tumor

Notes

References

• Evers, Christine A., Lisa Starr. Biology:Concepts and Applications. 6th ed. United States:Thomson, 2006. ISBN 0-534-46224-3.

v • d • e Developmental biology > Human embryogenesis (development of embryo) and development of fetus (some dates are approximate - see Carnegie stages and a timeline)
Week 1	Fertilization - Egg activation - Zygote - Cleavage - Morula - Blastula (Blastomere) - Blastocyst - Inner cell mass
Week 2	Bilaminar disc (Hypoblast, Epiblast)
Week 3 (Trilaminar embryo, germ layers)	Archenteron/Primitive streak (Primitive pit, Primitive knot/Blastopore, Primitive groove) - Gastrula/Gastrulation - Regional specification Ectoderm: Surface ectoderm - Neuroectoderm - Somatopleure - Neurulation - Neural crest Endoderm: Splanchnopleure Mesoderm: Chorda- - Paraxial (Somite/Somitomere/Sclerotome/Myotome/Dermatome) - Intermediate - Lateral plate (Intraembryonic coelom, Splanchnopleure/Somatopleure)
Extraembryonic/uterus	Trophoblast (Cytotrophoblast, Syncytiotrophoblast) Blastocoele - Yolk sack/exocoelomic cavity - Heuser's membrane - Extraembryonic coelom - Vitelline duct Umbilical cord (Umbilical artery, Umbilical vein, Wharton's jelly) - Allantois Placenta - Decidua (Decidual cells) - Chorionic villi/Intervillous space - Gestational sac (Amnion/Amniotic sac/Amniotic cavity, Chorion)
Histogenesis	Programmed cell death - Stem cells - Germ line development
Organogenesis	Limb development: Limb bud - Apical ectodermal ridge/AER other structures: Eye development - Cutaneous structure development - Heart development - Development of the urinary and reproductive organs

v • d • e Germ layers
Germ Layers	Ectoderm • Endoderm • Mesoderm
Production	Histogenesis • Organogenesis

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.ar:أديم باطن da:Endoderm de:Entodermeo:Endodermo fr:Endoderme it:Endoderma nl:Endodermsr:Ендодерм fi:Endodermi sv:Endodermuk:Ентодерма

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