Extracellular fluid

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Extracellular fluid (ECF) usually denotes all body fluid outside of cells. The remainder is called intracellular fluid.

In some animals, including mammals, the extracellular fluid can be divided into two major subcompartments, interstitial fluid and blood plasma. The extracellular fluid also includes the transcellular fluid; making up only about 2.5 percent of the ECF.

In humans, the normal glucose concentration of extracellular fluid that is regulated by homeostasis is approximately 5 mM.

The pH of extracellular fluid is tightly regulated by buffers around 7.4.

The volume of ECF is typically 15L (of which 12L is interstitial fluid and 3L as plasma)

Contents of ECF

Main Cations: Sodium (140 mM) Potassium (4 mM) Calcium (2 mM)

Main Anions: Chloride (110 mM) Hydrogen Carbonate (26 mM)

It is poorer in proteins compared to intracellular fluid

External links

• f_10/12369270 at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
• extracellular+fluid at eMedicine Dictionary

v • d • e Urinary system, physiology: renal physiology and acid base physiology
Filtration	Renal blood flow - Ultrafiltration - Countercurrent exchange
Hormones affecting filtration	Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Aldosterone - Atrial natriuretic peptide
Secretion/clearance	Pharmacokinetics - Clearance of medications
Reabsorption	Solvent drag -Na+ - Cl- -urea -glucose -oligopeptides -protein
Endocrine	Renin - Erythropoietin (EPO) - Calcitriol (Active vitamin D) - Prostaglandins
Assessing Renal function / Measures of dialysis	Glomerular filtration rate - Creatinine clearance - Renal clearance ratio - Urea reduction ratio - Kt/V - Standardized Kt/V - Hemodialysis product - PAH clearance (Effective renal plasma flow - Extraction ratio)
Acid base physiology	Fluid balance - Darrow Yannet diagram - Body water - Interstitial fluid - Extracellular fluid - Intracellular fluid/Cytosol - Plasma - Transcellular fluid - Base excess - Davenport diagram - Anion gap - Arterial blood gas
Buffering/compensation	Bicarbonate buffering system - Respiratory compensation - Renal compensation

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Extracellular fluid
Articles on Extracellular fluid	Most recent articles on Extracellular fluid • Most cited articles on Extracellular fluid • Review articles on Extracellular fluid • Articles on Extracellular fluid in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Extracellular fluid	Powerpoint slides on Extracellular fluid • Images of Extracellular fluid • Photos of Extracellular fluid • Podcasts & MP3s on Extracellular fluid • Videos on Extracellular fluid
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Extracellular fluid	Cochrane Collaboration on Extracellular fluid • Bandolier on Extracellular fluid • TRIP on Extracellular fluid
Cost Effectiveness of Extracellular fluid	Cost Effectiveness of Extracellular fluid
Clinical Trials Involving Extracellular fluid	Ongoing Trials on Extracellular fluid at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Extracellular fluid • Clinical Trials on Extracellular fluid at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Extracellular fluid	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Extracellular fluid • NICE Guidance on Extracellular fluid • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Extracellular fluid • CDC on Extracellular fluid
Textbook Information on Extracellular fluid	Books and Textbook Information on Extracellular fluid
Pharmacology Resources on Extracellular fluid	Dosing of Extracellular fluid • Drug interactions with Extracellular fluid • Side effects of Extracellular fluid • Allergic reactions to Extracellular fluid • Overdose information on Extracellular fluid • Carcinogenicity information on Extracellular fluid • Extracellular fluid in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Extracellular fluid •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Extracellular fluid	Genetics of Extracellular fluid • Pharmacogenomics of Extracellular fluid • Proteomics of Extracellular fluid
Newstories on Extracellular fluid	Extracellular fluid in the news • Be alerted to news on Extracellular fluid • News trends on Extracellular fluid
Commentary on Extracellular fluid	Blogs on Extracellular fluid
Patient Resources on Extracellular fluid	Patient resources on Extracellular fluid • Discussion groups on Extracellular fluid • Patient Handouts on Extracellular fluid • Directions to Hospitals Treating Extracellular fluid • Risk calculators and risk factors for Extracellular fluid
Healthcare Provider Resources on Extracellular fluid	Symptoms of Extracellular fluid • Causes & Risk Factors for Extracellular fluid • Diagnostic studies for Extracellular fluid • Treatment of Extracellular fluid
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Extracellular fluid	CME Programs on Extracellular fluid
International Resources on Extracellular fluid	Extracellular fluid en Espanol • Extracellular fluid en Francais
Business Resources on Extracellular fluid	Extracellular fluid in the Marketplace • Patents on Extracellular fluid
Informatics Resources on Extracellular fluid	List of terms related to Extracellular fluid

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Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .