Extractable nuclear antigens
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Extractable Nuclear Antigens are soluble cytoplasmic and nuclear components that are antibody targets with over 100 differerent antigens described. The main 6 used in immunological laboratories for detection are Ro, La, Sm, RNP, Scl-70 and Jo1, which are screened for by Ouchterlony double immuno diffusion techniques and confirmed by Immuno blotting. Antibodies to these antigens have particular associations with various connective tissue disorders.
ENAs originally referred to proteins found in a saline extract of cell nuclei. Its components have since been more clearly identified and in fact include many cytoplasmic molecules. The misnomer however has stuck. These proteins are intimately asssociated with various RNA molecules and are thus called ribonucleoproteins, but the nomenclature used for them is often a source of confusion, Sm, Ro and La were named after the first 2 letters of the surnames of the patients in whom they were first found. Two proteins associated with Sjogren's Syndrome were independently descrbied as antigens A and B, but are now known to be identical to Ro and La respectively. i.e. SS-A = Ro and SS-B = La.
ENA 4
ENA 4 is a grouping of antibodies often used to screen for mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus and commonly is composed of four tests:[1]
- anti-Sm (for SLE)
- anti-RNP (for MCTD)
- anti-La (for Sjögren's)
- anti-Ro (for Sjögren's)
References
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
