Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase

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farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1
Identifiers
Symbol	FDFT1
Entrez	2222
HUGO	3629
OMIM	184420
RefSeq	NM_004462
UniProt	P37268
Other data
EC number	2.5.1.21
Locus	Chr. 8 p23.1-p22

Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase (or squalene synthase) is an enzyme which converts farnesyl pyrophosphate into squalene.

Squalene synthase is considered to be an enzyme of eukaryotes or advanced organisms, although at least one prokaryote has been shown to possess a functionally similar enzyme.

It has been described as the first dedicated enzyme of sterol (i.e. cholesterol, etc.) synthesis since the squalene formed by it is exclusively routed into various sterols via a complex, multi-step pathway.

Mechanistically and structurally, squalene synthase most closely resembles phytoene syntase, which serves a similar role in many plants in the elaboration of phytoene, a precursor of many carotenoid compounds. (Carotenoids are the colorful pigments present in most vegetables.)

Inhibition of squalene synthase, e.g. by lapaquistat, is under investigation as a method of lowering cholesterol levels in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.^[1]

References

External links

• MeSH Farnesyl-Diphosphate+Farnesyltransferase

v • d • e Metabolism: lipid metabolism
Lipid production	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase - Fatty acid synthesis: Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase - Β-Ketoacyl ACP reductase - 3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase - Enoyl ACP reductase unsaturated (Enoyl CoA isomerase, 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase) - odd chain (Propionyl-CoA carboxylase) - Fatty acid synthase - Long fatty acyl CoA synthetase
Lipid degradation	Acyl transport: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I - Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase - Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II Beta oxidation: Acyl CoA dehydrogenase (ACADL, ACADM, ACADS, ACADVL) - Enoyl-CoA hydratase - 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase - Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase - Mitochondrial trifunctional protein Ketogenesis: HMG-CoA synthase - HMG-CoA lyase - Other: Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
Phospholipids	Diacylglycerol kinase
Steroids	HMG-CoA reductase - Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase - Squalene monooxygenase - Lanosterol synthase - CYP51A1
Prostanoids	Cyclooxygenase - Thromboxane-A synthase - Prostacyclin synthase - Prostaglandin E synthase - Prostaglandin D2 synthase
Leukotrienes	Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase - 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein - Leukotriene A4 hydrolase - Leukotriene C4 synthase
Bile acids	Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase

v • d • e Alkyl and aryl transferases (EC 2.5)
Dimethylallyltranstransferase - Thiaminase I - Methionine adenosyltransferase - Riboflavin synthase - Dihydropteroate synthetase - Spermidine synthase - Glutathione S-transferase - Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase - Spermine synthase - Alkylglycerone phosphate synthase - Farnesyltransferase - Geranylgeranyltransferase type 1 - Porphobilinogen deaminase