Galactorrhea
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| Galactorrhea Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | N64.3, O92.6 |
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| ICD-9 | 611.6, 676.6 |
| DiseasesDB | 6314 |
| MeSH | D005687 |
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Galactorrhea
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Patient resources on Galactorrhea Discussion groups on Galactorrhea Patient Handouts on Galactorrhea Directions to Hospitals Treating Galactorrhea Risk calculators and risk factors for Galactorrhea
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Galactorrhea or galactorrhoea is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast, unassociated with childbirth or nursing.
Contemporary Maternal-Newborn Nursing Care defines galactorrhea as "nipple discharge." [1]
Common Causes
It can be due to dysregulation of certain hormones or local causes such as excessive nipple stimulation.
Lactation requires the presence of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin, and the evaluation of galactorrhea includes eliciting a history for various medications or foods (methyldopa, opiates, some typical antipsychotics, as well as licorice) and for behavioral causes (stress, and breast and chest wall stimulation), as well as evaluation for pregnancy, pituitary adenomas (with overproduction of prolactin or compression of the pituitary stalk), and hypothyroidism. Adenomas of the anterior pituitary are most often prolactinomas. Overproduction of prolactin leads to cessation of menstrual periods and infertility, which may be a diagnostic clue. Galactorrhea may also be caused by hormonal imbalances owing to birth control pills.
Galactorrhea is also a side effect associated with the use of the second-generation H2 receptor antagonist Cimetidine (trade name: Tagamet).
Differential Diagnosis
In alphabetical order. [1] [1]
- Drugs
- Fibrocystic Disease
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Idiopathic (with menses)
- Inflammation
- Intraductal papilloma
- Malignant neoplasm
- Oral contraceptives
- Recently preceded pregnancy
- Trauma
References
Pathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O, 630-676) |
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| Pregnancy with abortive outcome | Ectopic pregnancy - Hydatidiform mole - Anencephaly - some Teratoma |
| Oedema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders | Pregnancy-induced hypertension - Pre-eclampsia - Eclampsia - Gestational diabetes |
| Other, predominantly related to pregnancy | Gestational pemphigoid |
| Maternal care related to the fetus and amniotic cavity and possible delivery problems | Polyhydramnios - Oligohydramnios - Chorioamnionitis - Premature rupture of membranes - Amniotic band syndrome - Placenta praevia - Braxton Hicks contractions - Antepartum haemorrhage - Placental abruption |
| Complications of labour and delivery | Premature birth - Dystocia (Shoulder dystocia) - Fetal distress - Uterine rupture - hemorrhage - Placenta accreta |
| Other | Puerperal fever - Maternal death |
WikiDoc Research Resources for Galactorrhea | |
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| Articles on Galactorrhea | Most recent articles on Galactorrhea • Most cited articles on Galactorrhea • Review articles on Galactorrhea • Articles on Galactorrhea in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Galactorrhea | Powerpoint slides on Galactorrhea • Images of Galactorrhea • Photos of Galactorrhea • Podcasts & MP3s on Galactorrhea • Videos on Galactorrhea |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Galactorrhea | Cochrane Collaboration on Galactorrhea • Bandolier on Galactorrhea • TRIP on Galactorrhea |
| Cost Effectiveness of Galactorrhea | Cost Effectiveness of Galactorrhea |
| Clinical Trials Involving Galactorrhea | Ongoing Trials on Galactorrhea at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Galactorrhea • Clinical Trials on Galactorrhea at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Galactorrhea | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Galactorrhea • NICE Guidance on Galactorrhea • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Galactorrhea • CDC on Galactorrhea |
| Textbook Information on Galactorrhea | Books and Textbook Information on Galactorrhea |
| Pharmacology Resources on Galactorrhea | Dosing of Galactorrhea • Drug interactions with Galactorrhea • Side effects of Galactorrhea • Allergic reactions to Galactorrhea • Overdose information on Galactorrhea • Carcinogenicity information on Galactorrhea • Galactorrhea in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Galactorrhea • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Galactorrhea | Genetics of Galactorrhea • Pharmacogenomics of Galactorrhea • Proteomics of Galactorrhea |
| Newstories on Galactorrhea | Galactorrhea in the news • Be alerted to news on Galactorrhea • News trends on Galactorrhea |
| Commentary on Galactorrhea | Blogs on Galactorrhea |
| Patient Resources on Galactorrhea | Patient resources on Galactorrhea • Discussion groups on Galactorrhea • Patient Handouts on Galactorrhea • Directions to Hospitals Treating Galactorrhea • Risk calculators and risk factors for Galactorrhea |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Galactorrhea | Symptoms of Galactorrhea • Causes & Risk Factors for Galactorrhea • Diagnostic studies for Galactorrhea • Treatment of Galactorrhea |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Galactorrhea | CME Programs on Galactorrhea |
| International Resources on Galactorrhea | Galactorrhea en Espanol • Galactorrhea en Francais |
| Business Resources on Galactorrhea | Galactorrhea in the Marketplace • Patents on Galactorrhea |
| Informatics Resources on Galactorrhea | List of terms related to Galactorrhea |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
