Glucagon-like peptide-1
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is derived from the transcription product of the proglucagon gene. The major source of GLP-1 in the body is the intestinal L cell that secretes GLP-1 as a gut hormone. The biologically active forms of GLP-1 are: GLP-1-(7-37) and GLP-1-(7-36)NH2.
GLP-1 secretion by L cells is dependent on the presence of nutrients in the lumen of the small intestine. The secretagogues (agents that causes or stimulates secretion) of this hormone include major nutrients like carbohydrate, protein and lipid. Once in the circulation, GLP-1 has a half life of less than 2 minutes, due to rapid degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4.
Physiological functions
GLP-1 possesses several physiological properties that make it a subject of intensive investigation as a potential treatment of diabetes mellitus.[1][1][1]. The known physiological functions of GLP-1 include:
- increases insulin secretion from the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner.
- decreases glucagon secretion from the pancreas.
- increases beta cells mass and insulin gene expression.
- inhibits acid secretion and gastric emptying in the stomach.
- decreases food intake by increasing satiety.
See also
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
- Glucagon-like peptide-2
- type 2 diabetes
- exenatide
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
References
External links
Gastrointestinal hormones, pancreatic hormones: proglucagon |
|---|
Oxyntomodulin (Glucagon) - Glucagon-Like Peptides (GLP1, GLP2) |
Oral antidiabetic drugs and Insulin analogs (A10) | |
|---|---|
| Biguanides | Metformin |
| Sulfonylureas | Chlorpropamide, Glibenclamide (Glyburide), Gliclazide, Glimepiride, Glipizide, Gliquidone, Tolazamide, Tolbutamide |
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | Acarbose, Miglitol, Voglibose |
| Thiazolidinediones (TZD) | Pioglitazone, Rivoglitazone†, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone‡ |
| Meglitinides | Nateglinide, Repaglinide, Mitiglinide |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors | Alogliptin†, Saxagliptin†, Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin, Linagliptin† |
| Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog | Exenatide, Liraglutide†, Albiglutide† |
| Amylin analog | Pramlintide |
| Insulin analogs | fast acting (Insulin lispro, Insulin aspart, Insulin glulisine), long acting (Insulin glargine, Insulin detemir) |
| Dual PPAR agonists | Aleglitazar†, Muraglitazar§, Tesaglitazar§ |
| SGLT2 inhibitor | Dapagliflozin†, Remogliflozin† |
| †Undergoing clinical trials. ‡ Withdrawn from market. §Development halted. | |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
