Glycogen synthase

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glycogen synthase 1 (muscle)
Identifiers
Symbol	GYS1
Alt. Symbols	GYS
Entrez	2997
HUGO	4706
OMIM	138570
RefSeq	NM_002103
UniProt	P13807
Other data
EC number	2.4.1.11
Locus	Chr. 19 q13.3

glycogen synthase 2 (liver)
Identifiers
Symbol	GYS2
Entrez	2998
HUGO	4707
OMIM	138571
RefSeq	NM_021957
UniProt	P54840
Other data
EC number	2.4.1.11
Locus	Chr. 12 p12.2-11.2

Glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase') is a glycosyltransferase enzyme (EC number 2.4.1) that catalyses the reaction of UDP-glucose and (1,4-α-D-glucosyl)_n to yield UDP and (1,4-α-D-glucosyl)_n+1.

In other words, this enzyme converts excess glucose residues one by one into a polymeric chain for storage as glycogen.

Regulation

The reaction is highly regulated by allosteric effectors such as glucose-6-phosphate, by phosphorylation reactions, and indirectly triggered by the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the pancreas. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase decreases its activity.

Pathology

A deficiency is associated with glycogen storage disease type 0.

References

• Newcastle University Centre for Cancer Education (October 9, 1997). Glycogen synthetase. Retrieved on 2007-11-05.

v • d • e Transferases: glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4)
2.4.1 - Hexosyltransferases: glucosyltransferase	Phosphorylase (Starch, Glycogen, Myo-) - Glycogen synthase - Debranching enzyme - Branching enzyme - 1,3-beta-glucan synthase - Ceramide glucosyltransferase
2.4.1 - Hexosyltransferases: other	Galactosyltransferase (Lactose synthase, B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase) - Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1, UGT2B7, Hyaluronan synthase) - Fucosyltransferase (POFUT1, POFUT2)
2.4.2 - Pentosyltransferases: ADP ribose	Cholera toxin - Diphtheria toxin - Pertussis toxin - Poly ADP ribose polymerase
2.4.2 - Pentosyltransferases: other	Purine nucleoside phosphorylase - Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase - Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase - Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase - Amidophosphoribosyltransferase

v • d • e Metabolism: carbohydrate metabolism - glycogenesis and glycogenolysis enzymes
Glycogenesis	Phosphoglucomutase - UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase - Glycogen synthase (Glycogen branching enzyme)
Glycogenolysis	Glycogen phosphorylase (Debranching enzyme) - Phosphoglucomutase - Glycogenin Maltase
Regulation	Phosphorylase kinase - Phosphoprotein phosphatase

de:Glykogen-Synthase

Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .