Gyromitrin
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| Gyromitrin | |
|---|---|
| Image:Gyromitrin.svg | |
| IUPAC name | N-(ethylideneamino)-N-methyl- formamide |
| Other names | Acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone formic acid 2-ethylidene-1-methylhydrazide Acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone |
| Molecular formula | C4H8N2O |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| SMILES | C/C=N/N(C)C=O |
| InChI | InChI=1/C4H8N2O/c1-3-5-6(2)4-7/h3-4H,1-2H3/b5-3+ |
| Properties | |
| Molar mass | 100.119 g/mol |
| Boiling point |
143 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Toxic |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Gyromitrin is a toxic and possibly carcinogenic chemical present in most members of the mushroom genus Gyromitra, most notably the False Morel (Gyromitra esculenta). In the body it is metabolized to monomethylhydrazine (MMH) See: [1]
Mechanism of Toxicity:
The toxicity is caused by the conversion of the hydrazine (gyromitrin) to a hydrazine metabolite intermediate (monomethylhydrazine) . This occurs when begins to be metabolized and it undergoes hydrolysis. The necrosis and steatosis are caused by monomethylhydrazine.
Removal of Gyromitrin:
Gyromitrin is volatile and water soluble, and can be mostly removed from the mushrooms by cutting them to small pieces and repeatedly boiling them in copious water under good ventilation. While most people experience no ill effects from ingesting the remaining small doses of gyromitrin, some may have a metabolic sensitivity to it and can become seriously ill from eating even properly prepared false morels. SEE:http://books.google.com/books?id=fZtgamJXk70C&pg=RA1-PA285&lpg=RA1-PA285&dq=gyromitrin+mechanism&source=web&ots=rYXFSlSGeX&sig=m5I6iVgpXIzrt96kcZGrukr4JEU#PRA1-PA286,M1
Initial symptoms of gyromitrin exposure include headache, nausea and dizziness. As gyromitrin is quite volatile, even just the presence of false morels in a poorly ventilated space may be enough to cause these symptoms. Consuming large amounts of gyromitrin, such as are found in untreated false morels, may lead to catastrophic liver failure and death.
There is some evidence[citation needed] that even small doses of gyromitrin may have a cumulative carcinogenic effect. Thus it may not be advisable to consume even properly treated false morels too frequently.
External links
- "Gyromitra esculenta, one of the false morels"
- Official Finnish instructions for the processing of false morels
- [2]]
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
