Hammer toe

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Hammer toe Classification and external resources
A Mallet Toe is evident on the 3rd digit
ICD-10	M20.4, Q66.8
ICD-9	735.4, 755.66
MeSH	D037801

WikiDoc Resources for Hammer toe
Articles
Most recent articles on Hammer toe Most cited articles on Hammer toe Review articles on Hammer toe Articles on Hammer toe in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Hammer toe Images of Hammer toe Photos of Hammer toe Podcasts & MP3s on Hammer toe Videos on Hammer toe
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Hammer toe Bandolier on Hammer toe TRIP on Hammer toe
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Hammer toe at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Hammer toe Clinical Trials on Hammer toe at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hammer toe NICE Guidance on Hammer toe NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Hammer toe CDC on Hammer toe
Books
Books on Hammer toe
News
Hammer toe in the news Be alerted to news on Hammer toe News trends on Hammer toe
Commentary
Blogs on Hammer toe
Definitions
Definitions of Hammer toe
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Hammer toe Discussion groups on Hammer toe Patient Handouts on Hammer toe Directions to Hospitals Treating Hammer toe Risk calculators and risk factors for Hammer toe
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Hammer toe Causes & Risk Factors for Hammer toe Diagnostic studies for Hammer toe Treatment of Hammer toe
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Hammer toe
International
Hammer toe en Espanol Hammer toe en Francais
Businness
Hammer toe in the Marketplace Patents on Hammer toe
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Hammer toe

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Overview

A hammer toe is a deformity of the second, third, or fourth toe causing it to be permanently bent at the proximal interphalangeal joint, resembling a hammer. Mallet toe is another name for this condition when affecting the distal interphalangeal joint.

Causes

Hammer toe most often results from wearing poorly-fit shoes that can force the toe against their tip, such as excessively high heels or shoes that are too short or narrow for the foot. This can lead to subluxation of the metatarsal phalangeal joints and formation of a hammer toe, often found in conjunction with bunions or other foot problems. It can also be caused by muscle, nerve, or joint damage resulting from conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or diabetes.

Treatment

In many cases, conservative treatment consisting of physical therapy and new shoes with soft, spacious toe boxes is enough to resolve the condition, while in more severe or longstanding cases orthopedic surgery may be necessary to correct the deformity.

External links

• Hammer Toe - American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons

v • d • e Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M, 710-739)
Arthropathies	Arthritis (Septic arthritis, Reactive arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Felty's syndrome, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Still's disease) - crystal (Gout, Chondrocalcinosis) - Osteoarthritis (Heberden's node, Bouchard's nodes) acquired deformities of fingers and toes (Boutonniere deformity, Bunion, Hallux rigidus, Hallux varus, Hammer toe) - other acquired deformities of limbs (Valgus deformity, Varus deformity, Wrist drop, Foot drop, Flat feet, Club foot, Unequal leg length, Winged scapula) patella (Luxating patella, Chondromalacia patellae) Protrusio acetabuli - Hemarthrosis - Arthralgia - Osteophyte
Systemic connective tissue disorders	Polyarteritis nodosa - Churg-Strauss syndrome - Kawasaki disease - Hypersensitivity vasculitis - Goodpasture's syndrome - Wegener's granulomatosis - Arteritis (Takayasu's arteritis, Temporal arteritis) - Microscopic polyangiitis - Systemic lupus erythematosus (Drug-induced) - Dermatomyositis (Juvenile dermatomyositis) - Polymyositis - Scleroderma - Sjögren's syndrome - Behçet's disease - Polymyalgia rheumatica - Eosinophilic fasciitis - Hypermobility
Dorsopathies	Kyphosis - Lordosis - Scoliosis - Scheuermann's disease - Spondylolysis - Torticollis - Spondylolisthesis - Spondylopathies (Ankylosing spondylitis, Spondylosis, Spinal stenosis) - Schmorl's nodes - Degenerative disc disease - Coccydynia - Back pain (Radiculopathy, Neck pain, Sciatica, Low back pain)
Soft tissue disorders	muscle: Myositis - Myositis ossificans (Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva) synovium and tendon: Synovitis/Tenosynovitis (Calcific tendinitis, Stenosing tenosynovitis, Trigger finger, DeQuervain's syndrome) - Irritable hip - Ganglion cyst bursa: bursitis (Olecranon, Prepatellar, Trochanteric) - Baker's cyst fibroblastic disorders (Dupuytren's contracture, Plantar fasciitis, Nodular fasciitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fasciitis, Fibromatosis) shoulder lesions: Adhesive capsulitis - Rotator cuff tear - Subacromial bursitis enthesis: enthesopathies (Iliotibial band syndrome, Achilles tendinitis, Patellar tendinitis, Golfer's elbow, Tennis elbow, Metatarsalgia, Bone spur, Tendinitis) other, NEC: Muscle weakness - Rheumatism - Myalgia - Neuralgia - Neuritis - Panniculitis - Fibromyalgia
Osteopathies	disorders of bone density and structure: Osteoporosis - Osteomalacia - continuity of bone (Pseudarthrosis, Stress fracture) - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia - Skeletal fluorosis - Aneurysmal bone cyst - Hyperostosis - Osteosclerosis Osteomyelitis - Avascular necrosis - Paget's disease of bone - Algoneurodystrophy - Osteolysis - Infantile cortical hyperostosis
Chondropathies	Juvenile osteochondrosis (Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome, Osgood-Schlatter disease, Köhler disease, Sever's disease) - Osteochondritis - Tietze's syndrome
See also congenital conditions (Q65-Q79, 754-756)

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Hammer toe
Articles on Hammer toe	Most recent articles on Hammer toe • Most cited articles on Hammer toe • Review articles on Hammer toe • Articles on Hammer toe in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Hammer toe	Powerpoint slides on Hammer toe • Images of Hammer toe • Photos of Hammer toe • Podcasts & MP3s on Hammer toe • Videos on Hammer toe
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Hammer toe	Cochrane Collaboration on Hammer toe • Bandolier on Hammer toe • TRIP on Hammer toe
Cost Effectiveness of Hammer toe	Cost Effectiveness of Hammer toe
Clinical Trials Involving Hammer toe	Ongoing Trials on Hammer toe at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Hammer toe • Clinical Trials on Hammer toe at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Hammer toe	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hammer toe • NICE Guidance on Hammer toe • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Hammer toe • CDC on Hammer toe
Textbook Information on Hammer toe	Books and Textbook Information on Hammer toe
Pharmacology Resources on Hammer toe	Dosing of Hammer toe • Drug interactions with Hammer toe • Side effects of Hammer toe • Allergic reactions to Hammer toe • Overdose information on Hammer toe • Carcinogenicity information on Hammer toe • Hammer toe in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Hammer toe •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Hammer toe	Genetics of Hammer toe • Pharmacogenomics of Hammer toe • Proteomics of Hammer toe
Newstories on Hammer toe	Hammer toe in the news • Be alerted to news on Hammer toe • News trends on Hammer toe
Commentary on Hammer toe	Blogs on Hammer toe
Patient Resources on Hammer toe	Patient resources on Hammer toe • Discussion groups on Hammer toe • Patient Handouts on Hammer toe • Directions to Hospitals Treating Hammer toe • Risk calculators and risk factors for Hammer toe
Healthcare Provider Resources on Hammer toe	Symptoms of Hammer toe • Causes & Risk Factors for Hammer toe • Diagnostic studies for Hammer toe • Treatment of Hammer toe
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Hammer toe	CME Programs on Hammer toe
International Resources on Hammer toe	Hammer toe en Espanol • Hammer toe en Francais
Business Resources on Hammer toe	Hammer toe in the Marketplace • Patents on Hammer toe
Informatics Resources on Hammer toe	List of terms related to Hammer toe

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .