Hyoid bone

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Bone: Hyoid bone
Hyoid bone. Anterior surface. Enlarged.
Anterolateral view of head and neck.
Latin	os hyoideum
Gray's	subject #45 177
Precursor	2nd and 3rd branchial arch[1]
MeSH	Hyoid+Bone

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Overview

The hyoid bone (Lingual Bone) is a bone in the human neck, and is the only bone in the skeleton not articulated to any other bone. It is supported by the muscles of the neck and in turn supports the root of the tongue.

The hyoid bone is shaped like a horseshoe, and is suspended from the tips of the styloid processes of the temporal bones by the stylohyoid ligaments.

Segments

It consists of five segments:

• body of hyoid bone
• greater cornu (2)
• lesser cornu (2)

Ossification

The hyoid is ossified from six centers: two for the body, and one for each cornu. Ossification commences in the greater cornua toward the end of fetal life, in the body shortly afterward, and in the lesser cornua during the first or second year after birth.

Muscle attachments

The following muscles attach to the hyoid:^[2]

• superior
  • Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
  • Hyoglossus muscle
  • Digastric muscle
  • Stylohyoid muscle
  • Geniohyoid muscle
  • Mylohyoid muscle
  • Genioglossus
• inferior
  • Thyrohyoid muscle
  • Omohyoid muscle
  • Sternohyoid muscle

Function

The hyoid bone is involved in the production of human speech. It allows a wider range of tongue and laryngeal movements by bracing these structures against each other. It is not present in any of our closest living relatives, but it did exist in virtually identical form in Neanderthal man. That suggests, along with other anthropological clues of communication, that the Neanderthal employed some form of spoken language.

Fracture

Due to its position, the hyoid bone is not usually easy to fracture in most situations.

In cases of suspicious death, a fractured hyoid is a strong sign of strangulation.

Etymology

Its name is derived from the Greek word hyoeides meaning "shaped like the letter upsilon" (υ).

Additional images

Larynx	Head and neck of a human embryo eighteen weeks old, with Meckel’s cartilage and hyoid bar exposed.	Muscles of the pharynx and cheek.	Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.
The internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Right side.	The ligaments of the larynx. Antero-lateral view.	Sagittal section of the larynx and upper part of the trachea.	Coronal section of larynx and upper part of trachea.
The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind.	Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx.	Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side.	The thyroid gland and its relations.
Front view of neck.

See also

• Bone terminology
• Terms for anatomical location
• Adam's apple

References

1. ↑ Embryology at UNC hednk-023
2. ↑ Mnemonic at medicalmnemonics.com 352

External links

• SUNY Labs 25:03-0101 - "Anterior Triangle of the Neck: The Muscular Triangle"
• Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 25420.000-1
• Norman/Georgetown lesson11 (larynxskel1)

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

v • d • e Bones (Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton)
VERTEBRAL COLUMN	vertebrae (cervical - thoracic - lumbar) - sacrum - coccyx
THORAX	sternum - rib
cranial bones of SKULL	occipital - parietal - frontal - temporal - sphenoid - ethmoid
facial bones of SKULL	nasal - maxilla - lacrimal - zygomatic - palatine - inferior nasal conchae - vomer - mandible - THROAT: hyoid (greater cornu, lesser cornu, body)
UPPER EXTREMITY	SHOULDER GIRDLE:clavicle - scapula - ARM: humerus - ulna - radius- HAND:carpals (scaphoid - lunate bone - triquetral - pisiform - trapezium - trapezoid - capitate - hamate) - metacarpals - phalanges (prox - int - dist)
LOWER EXTREMITY	PELVIS:pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis) - LEG: femur - patella - fibula - tibia - FOOT: tarsals (calcaneus - talus - navicular - cuneiform - cuboid ) - metatarsals - phalanges (prox - int - dist)
MIDDLE EAR OSSICLES	malleus - incus - stapes

bg:Подезична кост

de:Zungenbeineo:Hioido fr:Os hyoïde lt:Poliežuvinis kaulas nl:Tongbeen ja:舌骨sk:Jazylka sl:Podjezičnica fi:Kieliluu sv:Tungben ta:தொண்டை எலும்பு uk:Під'язикова кістка

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .