Hyperreflexia
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Hyperreflexia suggests an upper motor neuron dysfunction. Hyperreflexia usually has a positive Babinkski's Sign and spasticity. Usually develops over a period of days to weeks (as opposed to immediate presentation)
Differential Diagnosis
In alphabetical order. [1] [1]
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Anxiety
- Apoplexy
- Athetosis
- Autonomic dystonia
- Brainstem lesions
- Cerebral lesions
- Cervical or thoracic myelopathy
- Compressive myelopathy
- Drugs, toxins
- Electrolyte disorders
- Epidural abscess
- Familial spastic paraparesis
- General paralysis
- Hepatic coma
- Homocystinuria
- Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) associated myelopathy
- Hydrocephalus
- Hyperbaric liquor pressure
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypocalcemia
- Infantile diplegia
- Intracranial bleeding
- Lithium overdose
- Maple syrup urine disease
- Meningitis
- Monoamine oxide inhibitor overdose
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Parkinsonism
- Phenylketonuria
- Poliomyelitis
- Primary lateral sclerosis
- Progressive alcoholic dementia
- Rabies
- Serotonin syndrome
- Spastic spinal paralysis
- Spinal cord infarction
- Spinocerebellar ataxia
- Syringobulbia
- Tetanus
- Thyrotoxicosis
Suggested Laboratory Evaluations
- Calcium
- Lithium
- Drug screen
- Magnesium
- DNA testing
- Serologies for:
- HTLV-I
- HIV
- Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)
Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies
MRI and CT
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (for suspected multiple sclerosis)
Treatment
- Replace electrolytes
Acute Pharmacotherapies
- Antispasicity agents
- Steroids
- Interferon
- Glatiramer acetate
- Mitoxantrone
- Cyproheptadine
- Antiretroviral therapy
Surgery and Device Based Therapy
- Surgical intervention to relieve compression (in compressive myelopathies)
- Syringomyelia may require surgical therapy
- Some congenital conditions may require surgical intervention
References
Acknowledgements
The content on this page was first contributed by Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3] Phone:617-525-6884
List of contributors:
Suggested Reading and Key General References
Suggested Links and Web Resources
For Patients
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
