Inhibin
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| inhibin, alpha
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | INHA |
| Entrez | 3623 |
| HUGO | 6065 |
| OMIM | 147380 |
| RefSeq | NM_002191 |
| UniProt | P05111 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 2 q33-qter |
| inhibin, beta A (activin A, activin AB alpha polypeptide)
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | INHBA |
| Entrez | 3624 |
| HUGO | 6066 |
| OMIM | 147290 |
| RefSeq | NM_002192 |
| UniProt | P08476 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 7 p15-p13 |
| inhibin, beta B (activin AB beta polypeptide)
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | INHBB |
| Entrez | 3625 |
| HUGO | 6067 |
| OMIM | 147390 |
| RefSeq | NM_002193 |
| UniProt | P09529 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 2 cen-q13 |
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Inhibin is a peptide that is an inhibitor of FSH synthesis and secretion,[1] and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Structure
Inhibin contains an alpha and beta subunit linked by disulfide bonds. Two forms of inhibin differ in their beta subunits (A or B), while their alpha subunits are identical.
Inhibin belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily.
Action
In women
In women, FSH stimulates the secretion of inhibin from the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles in ovary. In turn, inhibin suppresses FSH.
Inhibin secretion is diminished by GnRH, and enhanced by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
- Inhibin B reaches a peak in the early- to mid-follicular phase, and a second peak at ovulation.
- Inhibin A reaches its peak in the mid-luteal phase.
Inhibin is produced in the gonads, pituitary gland, placenta and other organs.
In men
In men, it is a hormone that inhibits FSH production.
It is secreted from the Sertoli cells,[2] located in the seminiferous tubule inside the testes.
Activin
Activin is a related peptide that counteracts inhibin.
Clinical significance
Quantification of inhibin A is part of the prenatal quad screen that can be administered during pregnancy at a gestational age of 16-18 weeks. An elevated inhibin A (along with an increased beta-hCG, decreased AFP, and a decreased estriol) is [3] suggestive of the presence of a fetus with Down's syndrome. As a screening test, abnormal quad screen test results need to be followed up with more definitive tests.
It also has been used as a marker for ovarian cancer.[4][5]
References
- ↑ van Zonneveld P, Scheffer G, Broekmans F, Blankenstein M, de Jong F, Looman C, Habbema J, te Velde E (2003). "Do cycle disturbances explain the age-related decline of female fertility? Cycle characteristics of women aged over 40 years compared with a reference population of young women". Hum Reprod 18 (3): 495-501. PMID 12615813.
- ↑ Skinner M, McLachlan R, Bremner W (1989). "Stimulation of Sertoli cell inhibin secretion by the testicular paracrine factor PModS". Mol Cell Endocrinol 66 (2): 239-49. PMID 2515083.
- ↑ Aitken D, Wallace E, Crossley J, Swanston I, van Pareren Y, van Maarle M, Groome N, Macri J, Connor J (1996). "Dimeric inhibin A as a marker for Down's syndrome in early pregnancy". N Engl J Med 334 (19): 1231-6. PMID 8606718.
- ↑ Robertson D, Pruysers E, Jobling T. "Inhibin as a diagnostic marker for ovarian cancer". Cancer Lett. PMID 17320281.
- ↑ Robertson D, Pruysers E, Burger H, Jobling T, McNeilage J, Healy D (2004). "Inhibins and ovarian cancer". Mol Cell Endocrinol 225 (1-2): 65-71. PMID 15451569.
Cell signaling: TGF beta signaling pathway | |
|---|---|
| TGF beta superfamily of ligands | TGF beta family (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3) Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, BMP8a, BMP8b, BMP10 , BMP15) Growth differentiation factors (GDF1, GDF2, GDF3, GDF5, GDF6, GDF7, Myostatin/GDF8, GDF9, GDF10, GDF11, GDF15) Other (Activin A and B/Inhibin A and B, Anti-müllerian hormone, Nodal) |
| TGF beta receptors | TGFBR1: Activin type 1 receptors (ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C) - ACVRL1 - BMPR1 (BMPR1A - BMPR1B) TGFBR2: Activin type 2 receptors (ACVR2A, ACVR2B) - AMHR2 - BMPR2 TGFBR3: betaglycan |
| Transducers/SMAD | R-SMAD (SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD5, SMAD9) - I-SMAD (SMAD6, SMAD7) - SMAD4 |
| Ligand Inhibitors | Cerberus - Chordin - DAN - Decorin - Follistatin - Gremlin - Lefty - LTBP1 - Noggin - THBS1 |
| Coreceptors | BAMBI - Cripto |
| Other | SARA |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
