Internal thoracic artery
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| Artery: Internal thoracic artery | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Right internal thoracic artery and its branches. (Internal mammary artery labeled at upper right.) | |
| Latin | arteria mammaria interna |
| Gray's | subject #148 583 |
| Source | Subclavian artery |
| Branches | Pericardiophrenic Anterior intercostal branches Musculophrenic Superior epigastric Perforating branches |
| Vein | Internal thoracic vein |
| MeSH | Mammary+Arteries |
| Dorlands / Elsevier | a_61/12156309 |
| Cardiology Network |
 Discuss Internal thoracic artery further in the WikiDoc Cardiology Network |
| Adult Congenital |
|---|
| Biomarkers |
| Cardiac Rehabilitation |
| Congestive Heart Failure |
| CT Angiography |
| Echocardiography |
| Electrophysiology |
| Cardiology General |
| Genetics |
| Health Economics |
| Hypertension |
| Interventional Cardiology |
| MRI |
| Nuclear Cardiology |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease |
| Prevention |
| Public Policy |
| Pulmonary Embolism |
| Stable Angina |
| Valvular Heart Disease |
| Vascular Medicine |
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In human anatomy, the internal thoracic artery (ITA), previously known as the internal mammary artery (a name still common among surgeons), is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running on each side of the body.
Course
The internal thoracic artery arises from the subclavian artery near its origin.
It travels downward on the inside of the ribcage, approximately a centimeter from the sides of the sternum, and thus medial to the nipple.
It runs posterior to the internal intercostal muscles, but anterior to the transverse thoracic muscles.
It continues downward until it divides into the musculophrenic artery and the superior epigastric artery around the sixth intercostal space.
Branches
- Mediastinal branches
- Thymic branches
- Pericardiophrenic artery - travels with the phrenic nerve
- Sternal branches
- Perforating branches
- Twelve anterior intercostal branches, two to each of the top six intercostal spaces. In a given space, the upper branch travelling laterally along the botton of the rib until it anastomoses with its corresponding posterior intercostal artery. The lower branch of the space anastomoses with a collateral branch of the posterior intercostal artery.
After passing the sixth intercostal space, the internal thoracic artery splits into the following two terminal branches:
- Musculophrenic artery - roughly follows the costal margin
- Superior epigastric artery - continues the course of the internal thoracic artery, travelling downward into the abdominal wall
Revascularization with the ITA
The internal thoracic artery is the cardiac surgeon's blood vessel of choice for coronary artery bypass grafting. The left ITA has a superior long-term patency to saphenous vein grafts[1][1] and other arterial grafts[1] (e.g. radial artery, gastroepiploic artery) when grafted to the left anterior descending coronary artery, generally the most important vessel, clinically, to revascularize.
Additional images
 Posterior surface of sternum and costal cartilages, showing Transversus thoracis. |
 Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery. |
 The axillary artery and its branches. |
 The right brachial plexus with its short branches, viewed from in front. |
 Diagram of the course and branches of a typica intercostal nerve. |
References
External links
- -502923206 at GPnotebook - Internal thoracic artery
Figures of ITA grafts
- Figure of heart with two saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) and a LITA graft - texheartsurgeons.com
- Drawing of the heart with a SVG to the right coronary artery (RCA) and a LITA graft to the LAD - darcystudios.com
- Drawing of the heart with a SVG to the RCA and a LITA graft to the LAD - mayoclinic.org
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
