Isomerase
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In biochemistry, an isomerase is a protein that catalyses the interconversion of polymers. Isomerases thus catalyze reactions of the form
- A → B
Nomenclature
The names of isomerases are formed as "substrate isomerase" (for example, enoyl CoA isomerase), or as "substrate type of isomerase" (for example, phosphoglucomutase).
Classification
Isomerases are classified as EC 5 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Isomerases can be further classified into six subclasses:
- EC 5.1 includes enzymes that catalyze racemization (racemases) and epimerization (epimerases)
- EC 5.2 includes enzymes that catalyze the isomerization of geometric isomers (cis-trans isomerases)
- EC 5.3 includes intramolecular oxidoreductases
- EC 5.4 includes intramolecular transferases (mutases)
- EC 5.5 includes intramolecular lyases
- EC 5.99 includes other isomerases (including topoisomerases)
References
- EC 5 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London
Proteins: enzymes | |
|---|---|
| Topics | Active site - Allosteric regulation - Binding site - Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme - Cofactor - Cooperativity - EC number Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme inhibitor - Enzyme kinetics - Lineweaver-Burk plot - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - List of enzymes |
| Types | EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/list |
Isomerases: Epimerase and racemases (EC 5.1) |
|---|
| Phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolysing) - Serine racemase - Mandelate racemase - UDP galactose epimerase - Methylmalonyl CoA epimerase |
Geometric isomerases (EC 5.2) |
|---|
| Cyclophilin - FKBP - Parvulin - Prolyl isomerase |
Intramolecular oxidoreductases isomerases (EC 5.3) | |
|---|---|
| 5.3.1 - Aldoses/Ketoses | Triosephosphate isomerase - Phosphopentose isomerase - Mannose phosphate isomerase - Glucose isomerase |
| 5.3.3 - C=C | Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase - Enoyl CoA isomerase |
| 5.3.4 - S-S | Protein disulfide isomerase (PDIA3) |
| 5.3.99 - other | Prostaglandin D2 synthase - Prostaglandin E synthase - Prostacyclin synthase - Thromboxane-A synthase |
Isomerase: mutases (EC 5.4) | |
|---|---|
| 5.4.2 Phosphomutases | Phosphoglycerate mutase - Bisphosphoglycerate mutase - Phosphoglucomutase |
| 5.4.99 Other groups | Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase - Lanosterol synthase |
Isomerase: topoisomerases (EC 5.99) |
|---|
| Type I topoisomerase - Type II topoisomerase (gyrase, topoisomerase IV) |
bg:Изомераза cs:Izomeráza de:Isomerasenfr:Isomérase it:Isomerasi ja:異性化酵素
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Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
