Kerley lines

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Kerley lines Classification and external resources

WikiDoc Resources for Kerley lines
Articles
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Media
Powerpoint slides on Kerley lines Images of Kerley lines Photos of Kerley lines Podcasts & MP3s on Kerley lines Videos on Kerley lines
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Kerley lines Bandolier on Kerley lines TRIP on Kerley lines
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Kerley lines at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Kerley lines Clinical Trials on Kerley lines at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Kerley lines NICE Guidance on Kerley lines NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Kerley lines CDC on Kerley lines
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Commentary
Blogs on Kerley lines
Definitions
Definitions of Kerley lines
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Kerley lines Discussion groups on Kerley lines Patient Handouts on Kerley lines Directions to Hospitals Treating Kerley lines Risk calculators and risk factors for Kerley lines
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Kerley lines Causes & Risk Factors for Kerley lines Diagnostic studies for Kerley lines Treatment of Kerley lines
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
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List of terms related to Kerley lines

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Kerley lines are a sign seen on chest x-rays with interstitial pulmonary edema. They are thin linear pulmonary opacities caused by fluid or cellular infiltration into the interstitium of the lungs. They are suggestive for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure, but are also seen in various non-cardiac conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial deposition of heavy metal particles or carcinomatosis of the lung. Chronic Kerley B lines may be caused by fibrosis or hemosiderin deposition caused by recurrent pulmonary oedema.

Kerley A lines

Kerley A lines are longer (at least 2 cm) unbranching lines coursing diagonally from the periphery toward the hila in the inner half of the lungs. They are caused by distension of anastomotic channels between peripheral and central lymphatics of the lungs. Kerley A lines are less commonly seen than Kerley B lines. Kerley A lines are never seen without Kerley B or C lines also present.

Kerley B lines

Kerley B lines are short parallel lines at the lung periphery. These lines represent interlobular septa, which are usually less than 1 cm in length and parallel to one another at right angles to the pleura. They are located peripherally in contact with the pleura, but are generally absent along fissural surfaces. They may be seen in any zone but are most frequently observed at the lung bases at the costophrenic angles on the PA radiograph, and in the substernal region on lateral radiographs.

Kerley C lines

Kerley C lines are the least commonly seen of the Kerley lines. They are short, fine lines throughout the lungs, with a reticular appearance. They may represent thickening of anastomotic lymphatics or superimposition of many Kerley B lines.

Diagnostic Findings

Plain film: Mitral stenosis, Kerley B lines

Plain film: Mitral stenosis, Kerley B lines

Plain film: Mitral stenosis, Kerley B lines

See also

• Peter Kerley
• Flash pulmonary edema

External links

• Kerley B lines - GPnotebook.
• An example of Kerley B - hcoa.org.
• Cardiothoracic imaging - Kerley's lines - Yale University.
• Causes of pulmonary edema - medstudents.com.br

v • d • e Symptoms and signs (R00-R69, 780-789)
Circulatory and respiratory systems	Tachycardia - Bradycardia - Palpitation - Heart murmur - Nosebleed - Hemoptysis - Cough - abnormalities of breathing (Dyspnea, Orthopnoea, Stridor, Wheeze, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Hyperventilation, Mouth breathing, Hiccup, Bradypnea, Hypoventilation) - Chest pain - Asphyxia - Pleurisy - Respiratory arrest - Sputum - Bruit
Digestive system and abdomen	Abdominal pain - Acute abdomen - Nausea - Vomiting - Heartburn - Dysphagia - Flatulence - Burping - Fecal incontinence - Encopresis - Hepatomegaly - Splenomegaly - Hepatosplenomegaly - Jaundice - Ascites - Fecal occult blood - Halitosis
Skin and subcutaneous tissue	disturbances of skin sensation (Hypoesthesia, Paresthesia, Hyperesthesia) - Rash - Cyanosis - Pallor - Flushing - Petechia - Desquamation - Induration
Nervous and musculoskeletal systems	abnormal involuntary movements (Tremor, Spasm, Fasciculation, Athetosis) - Gait abnormality - lack of coordination (Ataxia, Dysmetria, Dysdiadochokinesia, Hypotonia) - Tetany - Meningism - Hyperreflexia
Urinary system	Dysuria - Vesical tenesmus - Urinary incontinence - Urinary retention - Oliguria - Polyuria - Nocturia
Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour	Anxiety - Somnolence - Coma - Amnesia (Anterograde amnesia, Retrograde amnesia) - Dizziness/Vertigo - smell and taste (Anosmia, Ageusia, Parosmia, Parageusia)
Speech and voice	speech disturbances (Dysphasia, Aphasia, Dysarthria) - symbolic dysfunctions (Dyslexia, Alexia, Agnosia, Apraxia, Acalculia, Agraphia) - voice disturbances (Dysphonia, Aphonia)
General symptoms and signs	Fever (Hyperpyrexia) - Headache - Chronic pain - Malaise - Fatigue - Fainting (Vasovagal syncope) - Febrile seizure - Shock (Cardiogenic shock) - Lymphadenopathy - Edema (Peripheral edema, Anasarca) - Hyperhidrosis (Sleep hyperhidrosis) - Delayed milestone - Failure to thrive - food and fluid intake (Anorexia, Polydipsia, Polyphagia) - Cachexia - Xerostomia - Clubbing

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Kerley lines
Articles on Kerley lines	Most recent articles on Kerley lines • Most cited articles on Kerley lines • Review articles on Kerley lines • Articles on Kerley lines in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Kerley lines	Powerpoint slides on Kerley lines • Images of Kerley lines • Photos of Kerley lines • Podcasts & MP3s on Kerley lines • Videos on Kerley lines
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Kerley lines	Cochrane Collaboration on Kerley lines • Bandolier on Kerley lines • TRIP on Kerley lines
Cost Effectiveness of Kerley lines	Cost Effectiveness of Kerley lines
Clinical Trials Involving Kerley lines	Ongoing Trials on Kerley lines at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Kerley lines • Clinical Trials on Kerley lines at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Kerley lines	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Kerley lines • NICE Guidance on Kerley lines • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Kerley lines • CDC on Kerley lines
Textbook Information on Kerley lines	Books and Textbook Information on Kerley lines
Pharmacology Resources on Kerley lines	Dosing of Kerley lines • Drug interactions with Kerley lines • Side effects of Kerley lines • Allergic reactions to Kerley lines • Overdose information on Kerley lines • Carcinogenicity information on Kerley lines • Kerley lines in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Kerley lines •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Kerley lines	Genetics of Kerley lines • Pharmacogenomics of Kerley lines • Proteomics of Kerley lines
Newstories on Kerley lines	Kerley lines in the news • Be alerted to news on Kerley lines • News trends on Kerley lines
Commentary on Kerley lines	Blogs on Kerley lines
Patient Resources on Kerley lines	Patient resources on Kerley lines • Discussion groups on Kerley lines • Patient Handouts on Kerley lines • Directions to Hospitals Treating Kerley lines • Risk calculators and risk factors for Kerley lines
Healthcare Provider Resources on Kerley lines	Symptoms of Kerley lines • Causes & Risk Factors for Kerley lines • Diagnostic studies for Kerley lines • Treatment of Kerley lines
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Kerley lines	CME Programs on Kerley lines
International Resources on Kerley lines	Kerley lines en Espanol • Kerley lines en Francais
Business Resources on Kerley lines	Kerley lines in the Marketplace • Patents on Kerley lines
Informatics Resources on Kerley lines	List of terms related to Kerley lines

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .