Kinase
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It has been suggested that phosphotransferase be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) |
In chemistry and biochemistry, a kinase, alternatively known as a phosphotransferase, is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates); the process is termed phosphorylation (An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from targets is known as a phosphatase.)
Types
The largest group of kinases are protein kinases, which act on and modify the activity of specific proteins. These are used extensively to transmit signals and control complex processes in cells. Up to 518 different kinases have been identified in humans. Their enormous diversity and role in signaling makes them attractive targets for drug design.
Various other kinases act on small molecules (lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, and more), either for signaling or to prime them for biochemical reactions in metabolism. These are named after their substrates.
See also
Phosphotransferases/kinases (EC 2.7) | |
|---|---|
| 2.7.1 - OH acceptor | Hexo- - Gluco- - Fructo- (Hepatic fructo-) - Galacto- - Phosphofructo- (1, 2) - Thymidine - NAD+ - Glycerol - Pantothenate - Mevalonate - Pyruvate - Deoxycytidine - PFP - Diacylglycerol - Bruton's tyrosine - Phosphoinositide 3 (Class I PI 3, Class II PI 3) - Sphingosine |
| 2.7.2 - COOH acceptor | Phosphoglycerate - Aspartate |
| 2.7.3 - N acceptor | Creatine |
| 2.7.4 - PO4 acceptor | Phosphomevalonate - Adenylate - Nucleoside-diphosphate |
| 2.7.6 - P2O7 | Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase - Thiamine pyrophosphokinase |
| 2.7.7 - nucleotidyl- | Integrase - PNPase - Polymerase - RNase PH - UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase - Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase -Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase - RNA replicase - Reverse transcriptase (Telomerase) - Transposase |
| 2.7.8 - other phos. | N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase |
| 2.7.10-11 - protein | Tyrosine - Serine/threonine-specific |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
