List of human blood components
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List of human blood components and their concentrations
| Compound | Comments | In whole blood (g/cm³) | In plasma or serum (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Solvent | 0.81-0.86 | 0.93-0.95 |
| Acetoacetate | Produced in liver | 8-40 ×10-7 | 4-43 ×10-7 |
| Acetone | product of bodyfat breakdown | - | 3-20 ×10-6 |
| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter | - | 6.6-8.2 ×10-8 |
| Adenosine triphosphate | Energy storage | - | - |
| " | total | 3.1-5.7 ×10-4 | - |
| " | phosphorus | 5-10 ×10-5 | - |
| Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | Stimulates the adrenal cortex | - | 2.5-12 ×10-11 |
| " | @ 6AM, mean | - | 5.5 ×10-11 |
| " | @ 6AM, maximum | - | 12 ×10-11 |
| " | @ 6PM, mean | - | 3.5 ×10-11 |
| " | @ 6PM, maximum | - | <7.5 ×10-11 |
| Alanine | Amino acid | 2.7-5.5 ×10-5 | 2.4-7.6 ×10-5 |
| Albumin | Blood plasma protein | - | 3.5-5.2 ×10-2 |
| Aluminum | - | 1-40 ×10-8 | 1-88 ×10-8 |
| Aldosterone | Regulates electrolyte balance | - | - |
| " | supine | - | 3-10 ×10-11 |
| " | standing, male | - | 6-22 ×10-11 |
| " | standing, female | - | 5-30 ×10-11 |
| Amino acids | Protein building blocks | - | - |
| " | total | 3.8-5.3 ×10-4 | - |
| " | nitrogen | 4.6-6.8 ×10-5 | 3.0-5.5 ×10-5 |
| alpha-Aminobutyric acid | - | 1-2 ×10-6 | 1-2 ×10-6 |
| d-Aminolevulinic acid | - | - | 1.5-2.3 ×10-7 |
| Ammonia nitrogen | - | 1-2 ×10-6 | 1.0-4.9 ×10-7 |
| cAMP | Intracellular signal transduction molecule | - | - |
| " | male | - | 5.6-10.9 ×10-9 |
| " | female | - | 3.6-8.9 ×10-9 |
| Androstenedione | Steroid hormone | - | |
| " | male >18 yrs | - | 2-30 ×10-10 |
| " | female >18 yrs | - | 8-30 ×10-10 |
| Androsterone | Steroid hormone | - | 1.5 ×10-7 |
| Angiotensin I | Angiotensin II precursor | - | 1.1-8.8 ×10-11 |
| Angiotensin II | Vasoconstrictor | - | 1.2-3.6 ×10-11 |
| Alpha 1-antitrypsin | Serine protease inhibitor | - | 7.8-20 ×10-4 |
| Arginine | Amino acid | 6-17 ×10-6 | 1.3-3.6 ×10-5 |
| Arsenic | - | - | - |
| " | normal range | 2-62 ×10-9 | - |
| " | chronic poisoning | 100-500 ×10-9 | - |
| " | acute poisoning | 600-9300 ×10-9 | - |
| Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | Important vitamin | 1-15 ×10-6 | 6-20 ×10-6 |
| Aspartic acid | Amino acid | - | 0-3 ×10-6 |
| Aspartic acid (in WBCs) | - | 2.5-4.0 ×10-4 | 9-12 ×10-6 |
| Bicarbonate | Buffer in blood | - | 5-5.7 × 10-4 |
| Bile acids | Digestive function, bilirubin excretion | 2-30 × 10-6 | 3-30 × 10-6 |
| Bilirubin | Hemoglobin metabolite | 2-14 × 10-6 | 1-10 × 10-6 |
| Biotin (Vitamin H) | Gluconeogenesis,metabolize leucine,fatty acid synthesis | 7-17 × 10-9 | 9-16 × 10-9 |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | - | - | 8-23 × 10-5 |
| Bradykinin | - | - | 7 × 10-11 |
| Bromide | - | - | 7-10 × 10-9 |
| Cadmium | - | - | - |
| " | normal | 1-5 × 10-9 | - |
| " | toxic | 0.1-3 × 10-6 | - |
| Calciferol (Vitamin D2) | Maintain calcium and phosphorus levels | - | 1.7-4.1 × 10-8 |
| Calcitonin (CT) | Hormone | - | <1.0 × 10-10 |
| Calcium | Bones, Ca2+ | - | - |
| " | ionized | 4.48-4.92 × 10-5 | 4.25-5.25 × 10-5 |
| " | total | - | 8.4-11.5 × 10-5 |
| Carbon dioxide | Respiratory gas | - | - |
| " | arterial | 8.8-10.8 × 10-4 | 3.0-7.9 × 10-5 |
| " | venous | 9.8-11.8 × 10-4 | 3.3-8.3 × 10-5 |
| Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | - | - | - |
| " | nonsmokers | 0.5-1.5% total Hb | - |
| " | smokers, 1-2 packs/day | 4-5% total Hb | - |
| " | smokers, 2 packs/day | 8-9% total Hb | - |
| " | toxic | >20% total Hb | - |
| " | lethal | >50% total Hb | - |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen | - | - | <2.5 × 10-9 |
| beta-Carotene | Vitamin A dimer | - | 3-25 × 10-7 |
| Carotenoids | Antioxidant | 2.4-23.1 × 10-7 | - |
| Cephalin | - | 3-11.5 × 10-4 | 0-1 × 10-4 |
| Ceruloplasmin | - | - | 1.5-6 × 10-4 |
| Chloride, as NaCl | - | 4.5-5 × 10-3 | 3.5-3.8 × 10-3 |
| Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) | - | - | - |
| " | 1, 25-dihydroxy | - | 2.5-4.5 × 10-11 |
| " | 24,25-dihydroxy | - | 1.5 × 10-9 |
| " | 25-hydroxy | - | 1.4-8 × 10-8 |
| Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin) | Stimulates fat and protein digestion | - | 6.04 × 10-11 |
| Cholesterol | Steroid lipid | - | - |
| " | LDLC | - | 0.5-2.0 × 10-3 |
| " | HDLC | - | 2.9-9.0 × 10-4 |
| " | total | 1.15-2.25 × 10-3 | 1.2-2 × 10-3 |
| Choline, total | - | 1.1-3.1 × 10-4 | 3.6-3.5 × 10-4 |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Progesterone secretion during pregnancy | - | - |
| " | Menstrual | - | 0-3 × 10-11 |
| " | Pregnancy, 1st trimester | - | 5-3300 × 10-10 |
| " | Pregnancy, 2nd trimester | - | 20-1000 × 10-10 |
| " | Pregnancy, 3rd trimester | - | 20-50 × 10-10 |
| " | Menopausal | - | 3-30 × 10-11 |
| Citric acid | - | 1.3-2.5 × 10-5 | 1.6-3.2 × 10-5 |
| Citrulline | - | - | 2-10 × 10-6 |
| Coagulation Factors | - | - | - |
| " | Fibrinogen | 1.2-1.6 × 10-3 | 2-4 × 10-3 |
| " | Prothrombin | - | 1 × 10-4 |
| " | Tissue thromboplastin | - | 1 × 10-6 |
| " | Proaccelerin | - | 5-12 × 10-6 |
| " | Proconvertin | - | 1 × 10-6 |
| " | Antihemophilic factor | - | 1 × 10-7 |
| " | Christmas factor | - | 4 × 10-6 |
| " | Stuart factor | - | 5 × 10-6 |
| " | Plasma thrmb. anteced. | - | 4 × 10-6 |
| " | Hageman factor | - | 2.9 × 10-5 |
| " | Fibrin stabilizing factor | - | 1 × 10-5 |
| " | Fibrin split products | - | <1 × 10-5 |
| " | Fletcher factor | - | 5 × 10-5 |
| " | Fitzgerald factor | - | 7 × 10-5 |
| " | von Willebrand factor | - | 7 × 10-6 |
| Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) | Needed for nerve cells, red blood cells, and to make DNA | 6-14 × 10-10 | 1-10 × 10-10 |
| Cocarboxylase | - | - | 7-9 × 10-8 |
| Complement system | - | - | - |
| " | C1q | - | 5.8-7.2 × 10-5 |
| " | C1r | - | 2.5-3.8 × 10-5 |
| " | C1s (C1 esterase) | - | 2.5-3.8 × 10-5 |
| " | C2 | - | 2.2-3.4 × 10-5 |
| " | C3( b1C-globulin) | - | 8-15.5 × 10-4 |
| " | Factor B (C3 proactivator) | - | 2-4.5 × 10-4 |
| " | C4 (b1E-globulin) | - | 1.3-3.7 × 10-4 |
| " | C4 binding protein | - | 1.8-3.2 × 10-4 |
| " | C5 (b1F-globulin) | - | 5.1-7.7 × 10-5 |
| " | C6 | - | 4.8-6.4 × 10-5 |
| " | C7 | - | 4.9-7 × 10-5 |
| " | C8 | - | 4.3-6.3 × 10-5 |
| " | C9 | - | 4.7-6.9 × 10-5 |
| " | Properdin | - | 2.4-3.2 × 10-5 |
| Compound S | - | - | 1-3 × 10-9 |
| Copper | - | 9-15 × 10-7 | - |
| " | male | - | 7-14 × 10-7 |
| " | female | - | 8-15.5 × 10-7 |
| Corticosteroids | Steroid hormones | - | 1-4 × 10-6 |
| Corticosterone | - | - | 4-20 × 10-9 |
| Cortisol | Inhibits CRH secretion | - | 3-23 × 10-8 |
| " | 8 AM | - | 6-23 × 10-8 |
| " | 4 PM | - | 3-15 × 10-8 |
| " | 10 PM | - | ~50% of 8 AM value |
| C-peptide | - | - | - |
| " | fasting | - | 0.5-2.0 × 10-9 |
| " | maximum | - | 4 × 10-9 |
| C-reactive protein | Plasma protein | - | 6.8-820 × 10-8 |
| Creatine | Assists mucle cell energy supply | - | - |
| " | male | - | 1.7-5.0 × 10-6 |
| " | female | - | 3.5-9.3 × 10-6 |
| Creatinine | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 0.8-1.5 × 10-5 |
| " | female | - | 0.7-1.2 × 10-5 |
| Cyanide | - | - | - |
| " | nonsmokers | - | 4 × 10-9 |
| " | smokers | - | 6 × 10-9 |
| " | nitroprusside therapy | - | 10-60 × 10-9 |
| " | toxic | - | >100 × 10-9 |
| " | lethal | - | >1000 × 10-9 |
| Cysteine | Amino acid | 6-12 × 10-6 | 1.8-5 × 10-5 |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | Steroid hormone | - | - |
| " | aged 1-4 yrs | - | 0.2-0.4 × 10-9 |
| " | aged 4-8 yrs | - | 0.1-1.9 × 10-9 |
| " | aged 8-10 yrs | - | 0.2-2.9 × 10-9 |
| " | aged 10-12 yrs | - | 0.5-9.2 × 10-9 |
| " | aged 12-14 yrs | - | 0.9-20 × 10-9 |
| " | aged 14-16 yrs | - | 2.5-20 × 10-9 |
| " | male | - | 0.8-10 × 10-9 |
| " | female, premenopausal | - | 2.0-15 × 10-9 |
| DHEA sulfate | male | - | 1.99-3.34 × 10-6 |
| DHEA sulfate | female | - | - |
| " | newborn | - | 1.67-3.64 × 10-6 |
| " | pre-pubertal children | - | 1.0-6.0 × 10-7 |
| " | premenopausal | - | 8.2-33.8 × 10-7 |
| " | pregnancy | - | 2.3-11.7 × 10-7 |
| " | postmenopausal | - | 1.1-6.1 × 10-7 |
| 11-Deoxycortisol | - | - | 1-7 × 10-8 |
| Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 3-8 × 10-9 |
| " | female | - | 1-10 × 10-10 |
| Diphosphoglycerate (phosphate) | - | 8-16 × 10-5 | - |
| DNA | The molecule of heredity | - | 0-1.6 × 10-5 |
| Dopamine | Neurotransmitter | - | <1.36 × 10-10 |
| Enzymes, total | - | - | <6 × 10-5 |
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) | - | - | <1 × 10-11 |
| Epinephrine | Neurotransmitter | - | - |
| " | after 15 min rest | - | 3.1-9.5 × 10-11 |
| " | when emitted | 3.8 × 10-9 | 2-2.5 × 10-9 |
| Ergothioneine | - | 1-20 × 10-5 | - |
| Erythrocytes (#/cm³) | - | - | - |
| " | adult male, avg. (range) | 5.2 (4.6-6.2) × 109 | |
| " | adult female, avg. (range) | 4.6 (4.2-5.4) × 109 | |
| " | children, varies with age | 4.5-5.1 × 109 | |
| " | reticulocytes | 25-75 × 106 | |
| Erythropoietin | - | - | - |
| " | adult, normal | - | 0.5-2.5 × 10-10 |
| " | pregnant | - | 2.7-6.2 × 10-10 |
| " | hypoxia or anemia | - | 0.8-8.0 × 10-8 |
| Estradiol (E2) | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 8-36 × 10-12 |
| " | female, follicular(days 1-10) | - | 1-9 × 10-11 |
| " | female, mean | - | 5 × 10-11 |
| " | female, pre-fertile (days 10-12) | - | 10-15 × 10-11 |
| " | female, fertile (days 12-14) | - | 35-60 × 10-11 |
| " | female, luteal (days 15-28) | - | 20-40 × 10-11 |
| " | female, pregnancy | - | 3-70 × 10-7 |
| " | female, postmenopausal | - | 1-3 × 10-11 |
| Estriol (E3) | - | - | - |
| " | nonpregnant | - | <2 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | - | 3-5 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | - | 6-11 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | - | 25-170 × 10-9 |
| Estrogen | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 4-11.5 × 10-11 |
| " | female, prepubertal | - | <4 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 1-10 days | - | 6.1-39.4 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 11-20 days | - | 12.2-43.7 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 21-30 days | - | 15.6-35 × 10-11 |
| " | female, postmenopausal | - | <4 × 10-11 |
| Estrone (E1) | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 2.9-17 × 10-11 |
| " | female, follicular | - | 2-15 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 1-10 days of cycle | - | 4.3-18 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 11-20 days of cycle | - | 7.5-19.6 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 20-29 days of cycle | - | 13.1-20.1 × 10-11 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | - | 3-5 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | - | 5-6 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | - | 7-10 × 10-9 |
| Ethanol | - | - | - |
| " | social high | - | 0.5 × 10-3 |
| " | reduced coordination | - | 0.8 × 10-3 |
| " | depression of CNS | - | >1 × 10-3 |
| " | confusion, falling down | - | 2.0 × 10-3 |
| " | loss of consciousness | - | 3.0 × 10-3 |
| " | coma, death | - | >4 × 10-3 |
| Fat, neutral | see Triglycerides | - | - |
| Fatty acids, nonesterified (free) | - | 8-25 × 10-5 | |
| Fatty acids, esterified | - | 2.5-3.9 × 10-3 | 7-20 × 10-5 |
| Fatty acids, total | - | - | 1.9-4.5 × 10-3 |
| Ferritin | - | ||
| " | male | - | 1.5-30 × 10-8 |
| " | female | - | 0.9-18 × 10-8 |
| alpha-1-Fetoprotein | - | - | 0-2 × 10-8 |
| Flavine adenine dinucleotide | - | - | 8-12 × 10-8 |
| Fluoride | - | 1-4.5 × 10-7 | 1-4.5 × 10-7 |
| Folate | - | - | 2.2-17.3 × 10-9 |
| " | in erythrocyte | - | 1.67-7.07 × 10-7 |
| Folic acid | 2.3-5.2 × 10-8 | 1.6-2 × 10-8 | |
| Fructose | 0-5 × 10-5 | 7-8 × 10-5 | |
| Furosemide glucuronide | - | 1-400 × 10-6 | |
| Galactose (children) | - | <2 × 10-4 | |
| Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) | - | <1.25-4.0 × 10-10 | |
| Gastrin | - | ||
| " | mean | - | 7 × 10-11 |
| " | maximum | - | <20 × 10-11 |
| Globulin, | - | - | total 2.2-4 × 10-2 |
| alpha-1-Globulin | - | 1-4 × 10-3 | |
| alpha-2-Globulin | - | 4-10 × 10-3 | |
| beta-Globulin | - | 5-12 × 10-3 | |
| gamma-Globulin | - | 6-17 × 10-3 | |
| Glucagon | - | ||
| " | range | - | 5-15 × 10-11 |
| " | mean | - | 7.1-7.9 × 10-11 |
| Glucosamine | - | - | - |
| " | fetus | 4-6 × 10-4 | 4.2-5.5 × 10-4 |
| " | child | 5-7 × 10-4 | 5.2-6.9 × 10-4 |
| " | adult | 6-8 × 10-4 | 6.1-8.2 × 10-4 |
| " | aged | 7-9 × 10-4 | 7.0-8.9 × 10-4 |
| Glucose | - | ||
| " | newborn | 2-3 × 10-4 | - |
| " | adult | 6.5-9.5 × 10-4 | 7-10.5 × 10-4 |
| " | diabetic | 14-120 × 10-4 | - |
| Glucuronic acid | 4.1-9.3 × 10-5 | 8-11 × 10-6 | |
| Glutamic acid | - | 2-28 × 10-6 | |
| Glutamine | - | 4.6-10.6 × 10-5 | |
| Glutathione, reduced | 2.5-4.1 × 10-4 | 0 | |
| Glycerol, free | - | 2.9-17.2 × 10-6 | |
| Glycine | 1.7-2.3 × 10-5 | 8-54 × 10-6 | |
| Glycogen | 1.2-16.2 × 10-5 | 0 | |
| Glycoprotein, acid | - | 4-15 × 10-4 | |
| cGMP | - | 0.6-4.4 × 10-9 | |
| Gonadotropic releasing hormone | - | 1-80 × 10-12 | |
| Guanidine | 1.8-2.3 × 10-6 | - | |
| Haptoglobin | - | 3-22 × 10-4 | |
| Hemoglobin | 1.2-1.75 × 10-1 | 1-4 × 10-5 | |
| " | newborn | 1.65-1.95 × 10-1 | - |
| " | children, varies with age | 1.12-1.65 × 10-1 | - |
| " | adult, male | 1.4-1.8 × 10-1 | - |
| " | adult, female | 1.2-1.6 × 10-1 | - |
| " | inside erythrocyte | ~3.3 × 10-1 | - |
| " | per red blood cell | 27-32 picograms | - |
| Hexosephosphate P | 1.4-5 × 10-5 | 0-2 × 10-6 | |
| Histamine | 6.7-8.6 × 10-8 | - | |
| Histidine | 9-17 × 10-6 | 1.1-3.8 × 10-5 | |
| Hydrogen ion(pH 7.4) | 4 × 10-11 | - | |
| beta-Hydroxybutyric acid | 1-6 × 10-6 | 1-9 × 10-6 | |
| 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids | 4-10 × 10-8 | - | |
| 17-Hydroxyprogesterone | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 20-250 × 10-11 |
| " | female, follicular | - | 20-80 × 10-11 |
| " | female, luteal | - | 80-300 × 10-11 |
| " | female, postmenopausal | - | 4-50 × 10-11 |
| " | female, child | - | 20-140 × 10-11 |
| Antibodies | - | - | - |
| " | Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | - | 5-39 × 10-4 |
| " | Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | - | 0.5-8.0 × 10-5 |
| " | Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | - | 5.0-19 × 10-3 |
| " | Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | - | 3.0-30 × 10-4 |
| " | Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | - | <5 × 10-7 |
| Indican | - | - | 8-50 × 10-7 |
| Inositol | - | - | 3-7 × 10-6 |
| Insulin | - | - | 2.0-8.4 × 10-10 |
| Insulin-like growth factor | - | - | 9.9-50 × 10-8 |
| Iodine, total | - | 2.4-3.2 × 10-8 | 4.5-14.5 × 10-8 |
| Iron, adult | - | 4-6 × 10-4 | 6-18 × 10-7 |
| Isoleucine | - | 9-15 × 10-6 | 1.2-4.2 × 10-5 |
| Ketone bodies | - | 2.3-10 × 10-6 | 1.5-30 × 10-6 |
| alpha-Ketonic acids, adult | - | 1-30 × 10-6 | - |
| L-Lactate | - | - | - |
| " | arterial | <11.3 × 10-5 | 4.5-14.4 × 10-5 |
| " | venous | 8.1-15.3 × 10-5 | 4.5-19.8 × 10-5 |
| Lead | - | - | - |
| " | normal | 1-5 × 10-7 | 1-7.8 × 10-8 |
| " | toxic | >6-10 × 10-7 | - |
| Lecithin | - | 1.1-1.2 × 10-3 | 1-2.25 × 10-3 |
| Leptin | - | 1.2 × 10-8 | - |
| Leucine | - | 1.4-2 × 10-5 | 1.2-5.2 × 10-5 |
| Leukocytes (#/cm³) Total: | - | - | - |
| " | total, birth | 9.0-30.0 × 106 | - |
| " | total, pediatric | 4.5-15.5 × 106 | - |
| " | total, adult, range | 4.3-11.0 × 106 | - |
| " | total, adult, median | 7.0 × 106 | - |
| " | Neutrophil granulocytes, birth | 6.0-26.0 × 106 | - |
| " | Neutrophils, pediatric | 1.5-8.5 × 106 | - |
| " | Neutrophils, adult, range | 1.83-7.25 × 106 | - |
| " | Neutrophils, adult, median | 3.65 × 106 | - |
| " | Eosinophil granulocytes birth | 0.4 × 106 | - |
| " | Eosinophils, pediatric | 0.2-0.3 × 106 | - |
| " | Eosinophils, adult, range | 0.05-0.7 × 106 | - |
| " | Eosinophils, adult, median | 0.15 × 106 | - |
| " | Basophil granulocytes, adult, range | 0.015-0.15 × 106 | - |
| " | Basophils, adult, median | 0.03 × 106 | - |
| " | Lymphocytes, birth | 2-11 × 106 | - |
| " | Lymphocyte, pediatric | 1.5-8.0 × 106 | - |
| " | Lymphocyte, adult, range | 1.5-4.0 × 106 | - |
| " | Lymphocyte, adult, median | 2.5 × 106 | - |
| " | Monocytes, birth, range | 0.4-3.1 × 106 | - |
| " | Monocytes, birth, median | 1.05 × 106 | - |
| " | Monocytes, pediatric | 0.4 × 106 | - |
| " | Monocytes, adult, range | 0.21-1.05 × 106 | - |
| " | Monocytes, adult, median | 0.43 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, birth, range | 6-26 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, birth, median | 11 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, pediatric, range | 1.5-8.5 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, pediatric, median | 4.1 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, adult, range | 3.5-9.2 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, CD4 cell count | 0.5-1.5 × 106 | - |
| Lipase P | - | 1.2-1.4 × 10-4 | - |
| Lipids, total | - | 4.45-6.1 × 10-3 | 4-8.5 × 10-3 |
| Lipoprotein (Sr 12-20) | - | - | 1-10 × 10-4 |
| Lithium | - | 1.5-2.5 × 10-8 | - |
| Lysine | - | 1.3-3 × 10-5 | 2-5.8 × 10-5 |
| Lysozyme (muramidase) | - | - | 1-15 × 10-6 |
| alpha 2-macroglobulin | - | - | - |
| " | pediatric | - | 2-7 × 10-3 |
| " | male, adult | - | 0.9-4.0 × 10-3 |
| " | female, adult | - | 1.2-5.4 × 10-3 |
| Magnesium | - | 3.2-5.5 × 10-5 | 1.8-3.6 × 10-5 |
| Malic acid | - | 4.6 × 10-6 | 1-9 × 10-6 |
| Manganese | - | 0-2.5 × 10-7 | 0-1.9 × 10-7 |
| Melatonin | - | - | - |
| " | Day | - | 1.35-1.45 × 10-11 |
| " | Night | - | 6.07-7.13 × 10-11 |
| Mercury | - | - | - |
| " | normal | <1 × 10-8 | - |
| " | chronic | >20 × 10-8 | - |
| Methemoglobin | - | 4-6 × 10-4 | - |
| Methionine | - | 4-6 × 10-6 | 1-15 × 10-6 |
| Methyl guanidine | - | 2-3 × 10-6 | - |
| beta-2-microglobulin | - | - | 8-24 × 10-7 |
| MIP-1a | - | - | 2.3 × 10-11 |
| MIP-1b | - | - | 9 × 10-11 |
| Mucopolysaccharides | - | - | 1.75-2.25 × 10-3 |
| Mucoproteins | - | - | 8.65-9.6 × 10-4 |
| Nerve growth factor (NGF) | - | - | 6-10 × 10-9 |
| Niacin | - | 5-8 × 10-6 | 2-15 × 10-7 |
| Nitrogen | - | - | - |
| " | respiratory gas | 8.2 × 10-6 | 9.7 × 10-6 |
| " | total, nonrespiratory | 3-3.7 × 10-2 | - |
| Norepinephrine | - | - | - |
| " | after 15 min rest | - | 2.15-4.75 × 10-10 |
| " | when emitted | 8.1 × 10-9 | 8.5 × 10-9 |
| Nucleotide, total | - | 3.1-5.2 × 10-4 | - |
| Ornithine | - | - | 4-14 × 10-6 |
| Oxalate | - | - | 1-2.4 × 10-6 |
| Oxygen (respiratory gas) | - | - | - |
| " | arterial | 2.4-3.2 × 10-4 | 3.9 × 10-6 |
| " | venous | 1.6-2.3 × 10-4 | 1.6 × 10-6 |
| Oxytocin | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 2 × 10-12 |
| " | female, nonlactating | - | 2 × 10-12 |
| " | female, pregnant 33-40 wks | - | 32-48 × 10-12 |
| Pancreatic polypeptide | - | - | 5-20 × 10-11 |
| Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) | - | 1.5-4.5 × 10-7 | 6-35 × 10-8 |
| Para-aminobenzoic acid | - | 3-4 × 10-8 | - |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | - | - | 2-4 × 10-10 |
| Pentose, phosphorated | - | - | 2-2.3 × 10-5 |
| Phenol, free | - | 7-10 × 10-7 | - |
| Phenylalanine | - | 8-12 × 10-6 | 1.1-4 × 10-5 |
| Phospholipid | - | 2.25-2.85 × 10-3 | 5-12 × 10-5 |
| Phosphatase, acid, prostatic | - | - | <3 × 10-9 |
| Phosphorus | - | - | - |
| " | inorganic, adult | 2-3.9 × 10-5 | 2.3-4.5 × 10-5 |
| " | inorganic, children | - | 4.0-7.0 × 10-5 |
| " | total | 3.5-4.3 × 10-4 | 1-1.5 × 10-4 |
| Phytanic acid | - | - | <3 × 10-6 |
| Platelets (#/cm³): | - | - | - |
| " | range | 1.4-4.4 × 108 | - |
| " | median | 2.5 × 108 | - |
| Platelet Derived Growth Factor | - | - | 5.0 × 10-8 |
| Polysaccharides, total | - | - | 7.3-13.1 × 10-4 |
| Potassium | - | 1.6-2.4 × 10-3 | 1.4-2.2 × 10-4 |
| Pregnenolone | - | - | 3-20 × 10-10 |
| Progesterone (male) | - | - | 12-20 × 10-11 |
| Progesterone (female) | - | - | - |
| " | follicular | - | 0.4-0.9 × 10-9 |
| " | midluteal | - | 7.7-12.1 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 16-18 | - | 30-66 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 28-30 | - | 70-126 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 38-40 | - | 131-227 × 10-9 |
| Proinsulin | - | - | - |
| " | fasting | - | 0.5-5 × 10-10 |
| " | mean | - | 1.42-1.70 × 10-10 |
| Prolactin (male) <20 × 10-9 | - | - | - |
| " | while awake | - | 1-7 × 10-9 |
| " | during sleep | - | 9-20 × 10-9 |
| Prolactin (female) | - | - | - |
| " | follicular | - | <23 × 10-9 |
| " | luteal | - | 5-40 × 10-9 |
| Proline | - | - | 1.2-5.7 × 10-5 |
| Prostaglandins | - | - | - |
| " | PGE | - | 3.55-4.15 × 10-10 |
| " | PGF | - | 1.26-1.56 × 10-10 |
| " | 15-keto-PGF2a | - | 5 × 10-10 |
| " | 15-keto-PGE2 | - | <5 × 10-11 |
| Protein, total | - | 1.9-2.1 × 10-1 | 6.0-8.3 × 10-2 |
| Protoporphyrin | - | 2.7-6.1 × 10-7 | - |
| Prostate specific antigen | - | 0-5 × 10-9 | - |
| Pseudoglobulin I | - | - | 8-19 × 10-3 |
| Pseudoglobulin II | - | - | 2-8 × 10-3 |
| Purine, total | - | 9.5-11.5 × 10-5 | - |
| Pyrimidine nucleotide | - | 2.6-4.6 × 10-5 | 2-12 × 10-7 |
| Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) | - | - | 3.6-90 × 10-9 |
| Pyruvic acid | - | 3-10 × 10-6 | 3-12 × 10-6 |
| RANTES | - | - | 7 × 10-11 |
| Relaxin | - | - | - |
| " | day <100 preparturition | - | <2 × 10-9 |
| " | day 100 to 2 days preceding | - | 5-40 × 10-9 |
| " | day preceding parturition | - | 100-200 × 10-9 |
| " | day following parturition | - | <2 × 10-9 |
| Retinol (Vitamin A) | - | - | 1-8 × 10-7 |
| Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) | - | 1.5-6 × 10-7 | 2.6-3.7 × 10-8 |
| RNA | - | 5-8 × 10-4 | 4-6 × 10-5 |
| Secretin | - | - | 2.9-4.5 × 10-11 |
| Serine | - | - | 3-20 × 10-6 |
| Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) | - | 1.55-1.81 × 10-77 | 0.8-2.1 × 10-7 |
| Silicon | - | 1.4-2.95 × 10-6 | 2.2-5.7 × 10-6 |
| Sodium | - | - | 3.1-3.4 × 10-3 |
| Solids, total | - | 2-2.5 × 10-1 | 8-9 × 10-2 |
| Somatotropin (growth hormone) | - | - | 4-140 × 10-10 |
| Sphingomyelin | - | 1.5-1.85 × 10-3 | 1-4 × 10-4 |
| Succinic acid | - | - | 5 × 10-6 |
| Sugar, total | - | 7-11 × 10-4 | - |
| Sulfates, inorganic | - | - | 8-12 × 10-6 |
| Sulfur, total | - | 3.8-5 × 10-2 | 3.1-3.8 × 10-2 |
| Taurine | - | - | 3-21 × 10-6 |
| Testosterone (male) | - | - | - |
| " | free | - | 5.6-10.2 × 10-11 |
| " | total | - | 275-875 × 10-11 |
| Testosterone (female) | - | - | - |
| " | free | - | 0.24-0.38 × 10-11 |
| " | total | - | 23-75 × 10-11 |
| " | pregnant | - | 38-190 × 10-11 |
| Thiamine (Vitamin B1) | - | 3-10 × 10-8 | 1-9 × 10-8 |
| Thiocyanate | - | 5-14 × 10-6 | - |
| " | nonsmoker | - | 1-4 × 10-6 |
| " | smoker | - | 3-12 × 10-6 |
| Threonine | - | 1.3-2 × 10-5 | 0.9-3.2 × 10-5 |
| Thyroglobulin (Tg) | - | - | <5 × 10-8 |
| Thyroid hormones | - | - | 4-8 × 10-8 |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone | - | - | 5-60 × 10-12 |
| Thyroxine (FT4) | - | - | - |
| " | free | - | 8-24 × 10-12 |
| " | total | - | 4-12 × 10-8 |
| Thyroxine-binding prealbumin | - | - | 2.8-3.5 × 10-4 |
| Thyroxine-binding globulin | - | - | 1.0-3.4 × 10-7 |
| Tin | - | 0-4 × 10-7 | 0-1 × 10-7 |
| alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) | - | - | 5-20 × 10-6 |
| Transcortin | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 1.5-2 × 10-5 |
| " | female | - | 1.6-2.5 × 10-5 |
| Transferrin | - | - | - |
| " | newborn | - | 1.3-2.75 × 10-3 |
| " | adult | - | 2.2-4 × 10-3 |
| " | age >60 yrs | - | 1.8-3.8 × 10-3 |
| Triglycerides | - | 8.5-23.5 × 10-4 | 2.5-30 × 10-4 |
| Triiodothyronine | - | - | - |
| " | free | - | 2.3-6.6 × 10-12 |
| " | total (T3) | - | 0.75-2.50 × 10-9 |
| Tryptophan | - | 5-10 × 10-6 | 9-30 × 10-6 |
| Tyrosine | - | 8-14 × 10-6 | 4-25 × 10-6 |
| Urea | - | 2-4 × 10-4 | 2.8-4 × 10-4 |
| Uric acid | - | 6-49 × 10-6 | 2-7 × 10-5 |
| " | child | - | 3.5-7.2 × 10-5 |
| " | adult, male | - | 2.6-6.0 × 10-5 |
| " | adult, female | 2.0-5.5 × 10-5 | |
| Valine | - | 2-2.9 × 10-5 | 1.7-4.2 × 10-5 |
| Vasointestinal peptide (VIP) | - | - | 6-16 × 10-12 |
| Vasopressin | - | - | - |
| " | hydrated | - | 4.5 × 10-13 |
| " | dehydrated | - | 3.7 × 10-12 |
| Zinc | - | 5-13 × 10-6 | 7-15 × 10-7 |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
