List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: II. Osteology

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Introduction (Gray's s17)

Gray's page #79

• classes
  • Long bones
    • body, or diaphysis
    • medullary canal
    • epiphyses
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
    • tables of the skull
    • vitreous table

Gray's page #80

• classes
  • Flat bones
    • diploë
  • Irregular bones
• Surfaces of bones
  • articular eminences
  • articular depressions
  • non-articular eminences
    • tuberosity, protuberance, or process
    • tubercle
    • spine
    • ridge, crest, or line
  • non-articular depressions
    • fossæ, pits, depressions, grooves, furrows, fissures, notches
  • perforation/passage
    • foramen
    • canal

Development of the Skeleton

Gray's page #80

• Skeleton
  • axial skeleton
  • appendicular skeleton
• Vertebral column
  • primitive segments
  • intersegmental septa
  • myocœl
  • cutis-plate
  • muscle-plate
  • sclerotome
  • sclerotogenous layer

Gray's page #81

• Vertebral column
  • membranous vertebral column

Gray's page #82

• Vertebral column
  • cartilaginous vertebral column
  • hypochordal bar or brace
  • nucleus pulposus
• Ribs
  • primitive costal arches

Gray's page #83

• Sternum
  • sternal plate
• Skull

Gray's page #84

• Skull
  • membranous cranium
  • chondrocranium
  • chordal or vertebral portion
  • prechordal or prevertebral portion
  • trabeculae cranii
  • parachordal cartilages

Gray's page #85

• • cartilaginous ear-capsules
  • trabeculae cranii
  • ethmoidal plate
  • dermal or covering bones

bone (Gray's s18)

Gray's page #86

• Structure and Physical Properties
  • compact tissue
  • cancellous tissue

Gray's page #87

• medullary mem
• Periosteum
  • granular corpuscles or osteoblasts
• Marrow

Gray's page #88

• Marrow
  • myelocytes
  • erythroblasts or normoblasts
  • Giant cells (myeloplaxes, osteoclasts)
  • Howship's foveolæ
• Vessels and Nerves of Bone
  • blood vessels
  • medullary artery or nutrient artery

Gray's page #89

• Vessels and Nerves of Bone
  • veins
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Nerves
• Minute Anatomy
  • Haversian systems
  • Haversian canal
  • lamellæ
  • lacunæ
  • canaliculi
  • interstitial lamellæ
  • circumferential lamellæ

Gray's page #90

• Minute Anatomy
  • primary or fundamental lamellæ
  • secondary or special lamellæ
  • Haversian canals
  • lamellæ
  • perforating fibers
  • Lacunæ

Gray's page #91

• Minute Anatomy
  • bone-cell
  • bone-corpuscle
  • Canaliculi
  • bone cells
• Ossification
  • intramembranous ossification

Gray's page #92

• Ossification
  • intramembranous ossification
    • osteoblasts
    • Osteogenetic fibers

Gray's page #93

• Ossification
  • intercartilaginous ossification
    • epiphysial cartilage
    • center of ossification
    • primary areolæ
    • perichondrium

Gray's page #94

• Ossification
  • osteoblasts, or bone-formers
  • osteoclasts, or bone-destroyers
  • secondary areolæ or medullary spaces

Gray's page #95

• Ossification
  • epiphyses
    • pressure epiphyses
    • traction epiphyses
    • atavistic epiphyses

the vertebral column (Gray's s19)

Gray's page #96

• Columna Vertebralis; Spinal column

general characteristics of a vertebra (Gray's s20)

Gray's page #96

• typical vertebra
• vertebral foramen
• intervertebral foramina
• body of vertebra (corpus vertebræ)

Gray's page #97

• body of vertebra (corpus vertebræ)
• vertebral arch or neural arch (posterior part)
  • pedicle of vertebral arch (radices arci vertebræ)
    • vertebral notches
  • lamina of the vertebral arch
• processes of vertebra
  • 1 Spinous process (processus spinosus)
  • 4 Articular processes
  • 2 Transverse processes (processus transversi)

the cervical vertebrae (Gray's s21)

Gray's page #97

• cervical vertebræ
  • body
  • anterior surface
  • posterior surface

Gray's page #98

• upper surface
• lower surface
• pedicles
• laminae
• vertebral foramen
• spinous process
• superior articular process
• inferior articular process
• transverse processes
• foramen transversarium
• costal process or costal element
• anterior tubercle
• posterior tubercle

Gray's page #99

• First cervical vertebra (atlas)
  • anterior arch
  • anterior tubercle
  • posterior arch
  • posterior tubercle
  • fovea dentis
  • dens (anatomy)
  • sulcus arteriae vertebralis
  • inferior vertebral notches
  • lateral masses
  • superior facets

Gray's page #100

• First cervical vertebra (atlas)
  • inferior articular facets
  • transverse processes
• second cervical vertebra (epistropheus or axis)
  • body
  • dens or odontoid process
  • apex

Gray's page #101

• second cervical vertebra (epistropheus or axis)
  • pedicles
  • laminae
  • transverse processes
  • superior articular surfaces
  • inferior articular surfaces
  • superior vertebral notches
  • inferior vertebral notches
  • spinous process
• Seventh cervical vertebra (Vertebra prominens )
  • transverse processes

Gray's page #102

• Seventh cervical vertebra (Vertebra prominens )
  • cervical rib

the thoracic vertebrae (Gray's s22)

Gray's page #102

• thoracic vertebræ

Gray's page #104

• First thoracic vertebra
• Ninth thoracic vertebra
• Tenth thoracic vertebra
• Eleventh thoracic vertebra
• Twelfth thoracic vertebra

the lumbar vertebrae (Gray's s23)

Gray's page #104

• lumbar vertebræ

Gray's page #106

• tubercles
  • mammillary process
  • accessory process
• Fifth lumbar vertebra

the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae (Gray's s24)

Gray's page #106

• Sacrum (os sacrum)
  • sacrovertebral angle
• Pelvic surface of sacrum (facies pelvina)
  • transverse ridges
  • anterior sacral foramina
  • lateral parts of the sacrum

Gray's page #107

• Dorsal surface of sacrum (facies dorsalis)
  • middle sacral crest
  • sacral groove
  • sacral articular crests

Gray's page #108

• Dorsal surface of sacrum (facies dorsalis)
  • sacral cornua
  • posterior sacral foramina
  • lateral crests
• Lateral surface of sacrum
  • auricular surface
  • sacral tuberosity
  • inferior lateral angle
• base of the sacrum (basis oss. sacri)

Gray's page #110

• base of the sacrum (basis oss. sacri)
  • ala of sacrum
• Apex of the sacrum (apex oss. sacri)
• Vertebral canal (canalis sacralis; sacral canal)

Gray's page #111

• Differences in the Sacrum of the Male and Female
• Coccyx (os coccygis)
  • coccygeal cornua
• Ossification of the Vertebral column

Gray's page #112

• neurocentral synchondroses

Gray's page #113

• Ossification of the Vertebral column

the vertebral column as a whole (Gray's s25)

Gray's page #114

• Curves of vertebral column

Gray's page #115

• Posterior surface
• vertebral groove
• Lateral surfaces

the thorax (Gray's s26)

Gray's page #116

• thorax or chest

Gray's page #117

• Thorax: boundaries of:
• Thorax: skeleton of:
• upper opening of the thorax

Gray's page #118

• lower opening of the thorax
• subcostal angle

the sternum (Gray's s27)

Gray's page #119

• sternum (breast bone)

Gray's page #120

• Manubrium (manubrium sterni)
  • jugular notch or presternal notch
• Body of sternum (corpus sterni; gladiolus)

Gray's page #121

• Body of sternum (corpus sterni; gladiolus)
  • sternal foramen
  • sternal angle (angulus Ludovici)
• Xiphoid process (processus xiphoideus; ensiform or xiphoid appendix)

Gray's page #123

• fissura sterni

the ribs (Gray's s28)

Gray's page #123

• ribs (Costæ)
  • true ribs or vertebro-sternal ribs
  • false ribs
  • vertebro-chondral ribs
  • floating ribs or vertebral ribs
  • intercostal spaces
• Common Characteristics of the Ribs
• Posterior Extremity
  • crista colli costœ

Gray's page #124

• Posterior Extremity
  • head of rib
  • neck of rib
  • tubercle of rib
    • articular portion
    • non-articular portion
• body or shaft
  • angle
  • costal groove

Gray's page #125

• Anterior extremity or sternal extremity
• Peculiar ribs
  • First rib
    • scalene tubercle
  • Second rib

Gray's page #126

• Peculiar ribs
  • Tenth rib
  • Eleventh rib and Twelfth rib

the costal cartilages (Gray's s29)

Gray's page #127

• costal cartilages (Cartilagines Costales)

the skull (Gray's s30)

Gray's page #128

• skull
• cranium
• skeleton of the face

the cranial bones

the occipital bone (Gray's s31)

Gray's page #129

• occipital bone
• foramen magnum
• squama (squama occipitalis)
  • external surface
    • external occipital protuberance
    • highest nuchal line

Gray's page #130

• squama (squama occipitalis)
  • external surface
    • superior nuchal line
    • planum occipitale
    • planum nuchale
    • median nuchal line
    • inferior nuchal line
  • internal surface
    • cruciate eminence
    • internal occipital protuberance

Gray's page #131

• squama (squama occipitalis)
  • internal surface
    • sagittal sulcus
    • internal occipital crest
    • vermian fossa
    • confluence of the sinuses
• Lateral parts of occipital bone (pars lateralis)
  • under surfaces of the lateral part
    • condyles
    • hypoglossal canal (anterior condyloid foramen)
    • condyloid fossa
    • condyloid canal
    • jugular process
    • jugular notch
    • intrajugular process
    • paramastoid process
  • upper surface of the lateral part
    • jugular tubercle

Gray's page #132

• Basilar part of occipital bone (pars basilaris)
  • pharyngeal tubercle
• Foramen magnum
• Angles
  • superior angle
  • posterior fontanelle
  • inferior angle
  • lateral angles
• Borders
  • superior borders
  • lambdoidal suture
  • inferior borders
• Ossification of occipital bone

the parietal bone (Gray's s32)

Gray's page #133

• external surface
  • parietal eminence (tuber parietale)

Gray's page #134

• external surface
  • superior temporal line and inferior temporal line
  • parietal foramen
• internal surface
  • sagittal sulcus
  • arachnoid granulations (Pacchionian bodies)
• Borders
  • sagittal border
  • squamous border

Gray's page #135

• Borders
  • coronal suture
  • occipital border
  • lambdoidal suture
• Angles
  • frontal angle
  • bregma
  • anterior fontanelle
  • sphenoidal angle
  • occipital angle
  • lambda
  • posterior fontanelle
  • mastoid angle
  • asterion

the frontal bone (Gray's s33)

Gray's page #135

• Squama (squama frontalis)
  • metopic suture
  • frontal eminence (tuber frontale)
  • superciliary arches
  • glabella
  • supraorbital margin

Gray's page #136

• Squama (squama frontalis)
  • supraorbital notch or supraorbital foramen
  • zygomatic process
  • temporal line
  • upper temporal line and lower temporal line
  • nasal part
  • nasal notch
  • nasion
  • nasal process
  • spine of squama
  • sagittal sulcus
  • frontal crest

Gray's page #137

• Squama (squama frontalis)
  • foramen cecum
• Orbital or Horizontal Part (pars orbitalis)
  • orbital plates
  • ethmoidal notch
  • lacrimal fossa
  • fovea trochlearis
  • trochlear spine
  • ethmoidal notch
  • anterior ethmoidal canal

Gray's page #138

• Orbital or Horizontal Part (pars orbitalis)
  • posterior ethmoidal canal
  • frontal air sinuses
  • frontonasal duct
• border of the squama
• posterior borders of the orbital plates
• Ossification of frontal bone

the temporal bone (Gray's s34)

Gray's page #138

• temporal bone

Gray's page #139

• Squama (squama temporalis)
  • temporal line, or supramastoid crest
  • zygomatic process
  • anterior root and posterior root
  • articular tubercle (eminentia articularis)

Gray's page #140

• Squama (squama temporalis)
  • suprameatal triangle, or mastoid fossa
  • mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa)
  • petrotympanic fissure (Glaserian fissure)

Gray's page #141

• parietal notch
• antero-inferior border
• Mastoid portion (pars mastoidea)
  • mastoid foramen
  • mastoid process
  • mastoid notch (digastric fossa)
  • occipital groove

Gray's page #142

• Mastoid portion (pars mastoidea)
  • sigmoid sulcus
  • mastoid cells
  • tympanic antrum
  • tegmen tympani
  • attic or epitympanic recess
• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • petrosquamous suture
  • eminence (eminentia arcuata)
  • tegmen tympani
  • hiatus of the facial canal

Gray's page #143

• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • Trigeminal impression
  • posterior surface
    • Internal acoustic meatus
    • Crista falciformis
    • Area cribrosa media
    • Foramen singulare
    • Tractus spiralis foraminosus
    • Canalis centralis cochleœ
    • Area cribrosa superior
    • Area facialis
    • Aquæductus Fallopii
    • Aquæductus vestibuli
    • Subarcuate fossa
  • inferior surface
    • Carotid canal

Gray's page #144

• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • inferior surface
    • aquæductus cochleæ
    • jugular fossa
    • inferior tympanic canaliculus
    • mastoid canaliculus
    • jugular surface
    • vaginal process
    • styloid process
    • stylomastoid foramen
  • angles
    • superior angle
    • posterior angle
    • jugular fossa

Gray's page #145

• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • angles
    • jugular foramen
    • anterior angle
    • petrosquamous suture
    • septum canalis musculotubarii (processus cochleariformis)
• Tympanic part (pars tympanica)
  • tympanic sulcus
  • antero-inferior surface
  • vaginal process
  • foramen of Huschke
  • external acoustic meatus
  • suprameatal spine
• Styloid process (processus styloideus)
• Ossification of temporal bone

Gray's page #146

• Ossification of temporal bone
  • Proötic center of temporal bone
  • Pterotic center of temporal bone
  • Epiotic center of temporal bone
  • tympanic ring

the sphenoid bone (Gray's s35)

Gray's page #147

• body of sphenoid bone
• sphenoidal air sinuses
• superior surface of sphenoid
  • ethmoidal spine
  • chiasmatic groove (optic groove)
  • optic foramen
  • tuberculum sellæ
  • sella turcica
  • fossa hypophyseos
  • middle clinoid processes
  • dorsum sellæ
  • posterior clinoid processes
  • petrosal process

Gray's page #148

• superior surface of sphenoid
  • clivus
• lateral surfaces of sphenoid
  • carotid groove
  • lingula
• posterior surface of sphenoid

Gray's page #149

• anterior surface of sphenoid
  • sphenoidal crest
  • sphenoidal air sinus
  • sphenoidal conchæ
• inferior surface of sphenoid
• sphenoidal rostrum
• vaginal process
• Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)

Gray's page #150

• Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)
  • spina angularis (sphenoidal spine)
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen Vesalii
  • foramen spinosum
  • infratemporal crest
  • sulcus tubæ

Gray's page #151

• Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)
  • pterion
• Small wings (alæ parvæ)
  • orbito-sphenoids
• Surfaces
  • superior orbital fissure
• Borders
  • anterior clinoid process
  • optic foramen
• Pterygoid processes (processus pterygoidei)
  • pterygopalatine groove
  • pterygoid fissure
  • pterygoid fossa
  • scaphoid fossa
  • lateral pterygoid plate
  • Medial pterygoid plate
  • pterygoid hamulus
  • vaginal process

Gray's page #152

• Pterygoid processes (processus pterygoidei)
  • pterygoid tubercle
  • processus tubarius
• Sphenoidal conchæ (conchæ sphenoidales; sphenoidal turbinated processes)

ethmoid bone (Gray's s36)

Gray's page #153

• Cribiform plate (lamina cribrosa; horizontal lamina)
  • crista galli
  • alæ

Gray's page #154

• Perpendicular plate (lamina perpendicularis; vertical plate)
• Labyrinth or Lateral mass (labyrinthus ethmoidalis)
  • ethmoidal cells
• Surfaces
  • upper surface
    • anterior and posterior ethmoidal canals
  • posterior surface

Gray's page #155

• Surfaces
  • lateral surface
    • lamina papyracea (os planum)
    • uncinate process

Gray's page #156

• Surfaces
  • medial surface
    • middle nasal concha
    • superior meatus
    • superior nasal concha
    • middle meatus of the nose
    • infundibulum
• sutural or Wormian bones

the facial bones

the nasal bones (Gray's s37)

Gray's page #156

• nasal bones

the maxillæ (upper jaw) (Gray's s38)

Gray's page #157

• maxillæ

Gray's page #158

• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore)
  • Surfaces
    • anterior surface of the body of the maxilla
      • incisive fossa
      • canine fossa
      • canine eminence
      • infraorbital foramen
      • nasal notch
      • anterior nasal spine
    • infratemporal surface of the body of the maxilla
      • alveolar canals
      • maxillary tuberosity

Gray's page #159

• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • Surfaces
    • orbital surface of the body of the maxilla
      • lacrimal notch
      • infraorbital groove
      • infraorbital canal

Gray's page #160

• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • Surfaces
    • nasal surface of the body of the maxilla
      • pterygopalatine canal
      • lacrimal groove
      • conchal crest

• Maxillary sinus or Antrum of Highmore (sinus maxillaris)

Gray's page #161

• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • alveolar canals
• Zygomatic process (processus zygomaticus; malar process)
• Frontal process (processus frontalis; nasal process)
  • ethmoidal crest
  • agger nasi
  • lacrimal fossa
  • anterior lacrimal crest
  • lacrimal tubercle
• Alveolar process (processus alveolaris)
  • alveolar arch
  • alveolar point

Gray's page #162

• Palatine process (processus palatinus; palatal process)
  • incisive foramen
  • incisive canals
  • foramina of Stenson
  • foramina of Scarpa
  • premaxilla (os incisivum)

Gray's page #163

• Palatine process (processus palatinus; palatal process)
  • nasal crest
  • incisor crest
  • anterior nasal spine
• Ossification of maxilla

the lacrimal bone (Gray's s39)

Gray's page #163

• lacrimal bone

Gray's page #164

• posterior lacrimal crest
• lacrimal sulcus (sulcus lacrimalis)
• lacrimal hamulus
• lesser lacrimal bone

the zygomatic bone (Gray's s40)

Gray's page #164

• Surfaces
  • malar surface
    • zygomaticofacial foramen
  • temporal surface
    • zygomaticotemporal foramen

• Processes
  • frontosphenoidal process

Gray's