Listeriosis
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| Listeriosis Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | A32. |
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| ICD-9 | 027.0 |
| DiseasesDB | 7503 |
| MedlinePlus | 001380 |
| eMedicine | med/1312 ped/1319 |
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Most recent articles on Listeriosis Most cited articles on Listeriosis | |
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Ongoing Trials on Listeriosis at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Listeriosis at Google
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Listeriosis
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Patient resources on Listeriosis Discussion groups on Listeriosis Patient Handouts on Listeriosis Directions to Hospitals Treating Listeriosis Risk calculators and risk factors for Listeriosis
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Listeriosis is a bacterial infection caused by a gram-positive, motile bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes.[1] Listeriosis is relatively rare and occurs primarily in newborn infants, elderly patients, and patients who are immunocompromised.[1]
Epidemiology
Incidence is 4.4 cases per million population. Pregnant women account for 30% of all cases.[1] Of all nonperinatal infections, 70% occur in immunocompromised patients.
Pathogenesis
L monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment. The main route of acquisition of Listeria is through the ingestion of contaminated food products. Listeria has been isolated from raw meat, dairy products, vegetables, and seafood. Soft cheeses and unpasteurized milk are potential dangers, however post-pasteurization outbreaks of infection from dairy have been from pasteurized milk.[1]
There are four distinct clinical syndromes:
- Infection in pregnancy: Listeria can proliferate asymptomatically in the vagina and uterus. If the mother becomes symptomatic, it is usually in the third trimester. Symptoms include fever, myalgias, arthralgias and headache. Abortion, stillbirth and preterm labor are complications of GU infection.
- Neonatal infection (granulomatosis infantisepticum): There are two forms. One, an early-onset sepsis, with Listeria acquired in utero, results in premature birth. Listeria can be isolated in the placenta, blood, meconium, nose, ears, and throat. Another, late-onset meningitis is acquired through vaginal transmission, although it also has been reported with caesarean deliveries.
- CNS infection: Listeria has a predilection for the brain parenchyma, especially the brain stem, and the meninges. Mental status changes are common. Seizures occur in at least 25% of patients. Cranial nerve palsies, encephalitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis and abscesses can all occur.
- Gastroenteritis: L monocytogenes can produce food-borne diarrheal disease, which typically is noninvasive. The median incubation period is 1-2 days, with diarrhea lasting anywhere from 1-3 days. Patients present with fever, muscle aches, gastrointestinal nausea or diarrhea, headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, or convulsions.
Diagnosis and treatment
L monocytogenes can often be cultured from the blood, and always cultured from the CSF. There are no reliable serological or stool tests.
Bacteremia should be treated for 2 weeks, meningitis for 3 weeks, and brain abscess for at least 6 weeks. Ampicillin generally is considered antibiotic of choice; gentamicin is added frequently for its synergistic effects. Overall mortality rate is 20-30%; of all pregnancy-related cases, 22% resulted in fetal loss or neonatal death, but mothers usually survive.
Prevention
Cook all raw food thoroughly. Wash raw vegetables. Avoid consumption of raw milk or raw milk products. Wash hands, knives, and cutting boards after handling uncooked foods. For pregnant or immunocompromised patients, avoid soft cheeses (eg.: feta, Brie, Camembert cheese, bleu cheese; cream cheese, yoghurt, and cottage cheese are considered safe. Reheat leftover or ready-to-eat foods (eg.: hot dogs) until steaming hot. Avoid delicatessen foods unless they are thoroughly reheated.[1]
See also
References
External links
WikiDoc Research Resources for Listeriosis | |
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| Articles on Listeriosis | Most recent articles on Listeriosis • Most cited articles on Listeriosis • Review articles on Listeriosis • Articles on Listeriosis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Listeriosis | Powerpoint slides on Listeriosis • Images of Listeriosis • Photos of Listeriosis • Podcasts & MP3s on Listeriosis • Videos on Listeriosis |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Listeriosis | Cochrane Collaboration on Listeriosis • Bandolier on Listeriosis • TRIP on Listeriosis |
| Cost Effectiveness of Listeriosis | Cost Effectiveness of Listeriosis |
| Clinical Trials Involving Listeriosis | Ongoing Trials on Listeriosis at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Listeriosis • Clinical Trials on Listeriosis at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Listeriosis | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Listeriosis • NICE Guidance on Listeriosis • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Listeriosis • CDC on Listeriosis |
| Textbook Information on Listeriosis | Books and Textbook Information on Listeriosis |
| Pharmacology Resources on Listeriosis | Dosing of Listeriosis • Drug interactions with Listeriosis • Side effects of Listeriosis • Allergic reactions to Listeriosis • Overdose information on Listeriosis • Carcinogenicity information on Listeriosis • Listeriosis in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Listeriosis • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Listeriosis | Genetics of Listeriosis • Pharmacogenomics of Listeriosis • Proteomics of Listeriosis |
| Newstories on Listeriosis | Listeriosis in the news • Be alerted to news on Listeriosis • News trends on Listeriosis |
| Commentary on Listeriosis | Blogs on Listeriosis |
| Patient Resources on Listeriosis | Patient resources on Listeriosis • Discussion groups on Listeriosis • Patient Handouts on Listeriosis • Directions to Hospitals Treating Listeriosis • Risk calculators and risk factors for Listeriosis |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Listeriosis | Symptoms of Listeriosis • Causes & Risk Factors for Listeriosis • Diagnostic studies for Listeriosis • Treatment of Listeriosis |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Listeriosis | CME Programs on Listeriosis |
| International Resources on Listeriosis | Listeriosis en Espanol • Listeriosis en Francais |
| Business Resources on Listeriosis | Listeriosis in the Marketplace • Patents on Listeriosis |
| Informatics Resources on Listeriosis | List of terms related to Listeriosis |
ca:Listeriosi cs:Listerióza de:Listeriosefr:Listériose hr:Listerioza it:Listeriosi
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
