Louis Émile Javal
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Louis Émile Javal (May 5, 1839 - January 20, 1907) was a French ophthalmologist who was born in Paris. Originally trained as a civil engineer, he switched to the medical profession, receiving his doctorate from the University of Paris in 1865. After graduation he travelled to Berlin and studied under Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870). During the Franco-Prussian War he served as a medical officer. In 1878 he opened an ophthalmological laboratory at the Sorbonne and was its director until 1900.
Javal is remembered for his studies of physiological optics and his work concerning a disorder known as strabismus. With his student Hjalmar August Schiøtz (1850-1927) he constructed an early keratometer, also known as the Javal Schiötz Ophthalmometer. This device is used to measure the curvature of the corneal surface of the eye, as well as to determine the extent and axis of astigmatism. Javal also made important contributions in regards to the study of eye tracking.
Javal's interest in strabismus was due to the disorder affecting his father and sister. At middle-age Javal developed glaucoma and by 1900 was totally blind. Today the Louis Emile Javal Silver Service Award is issued by the International Contact Lens Council of Ophthalmology.
Bibliography
- Du strabisme, dans ses applications à la théorie de la vision. Doctoral dissertation, Paris, 1868.
- Manuel du strabisme. Paris, 1896.
- Physiologie de la lecture et de l’écriture. Paris, 1905; Bibliography in Annales d’oculistique, Paris, 1907, 137: 187.
- Un opthalmomètre pratique. Annales d’oculistique, L. E. Javal, H. Schiötz: Paris, 1881, 86: 5-21.
Reference
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