Lymphadenopathy
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| ICD-10 | I88., L04., R59.1 |
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| ICD-9 | 289.1-289.3, 683, 785.6 |
| DiseasesDB | 22225 |
| eMedicine | ped/1333 |
| MeSH | D008206 |
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Overview
Lymphadenopathy is a term meaning "disease of the lymph nodes." It is, however, almost synonymously used with "swollen/enlarged lymph nodes".
When the infection is of the lymph nodes themselves, it is called lymphadenitis, but when the infection is of the lymph channels, it is called lymphangitis.
Associated conditions
Enlarged lymph nodes are a common symptom in a number of infectious and cancerous diseases. It is a recognized symptom of many diseases, which include:
- reactive: acute infection (e.g. bacterial, or viral), or chronic infections (tuberculous lymphadenitis, cat-scratch disease).
- Infectious mononucleosis is an acute viral infection, the hallmark of which is marked enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes.
- it is also a symptom of cutaneous anthrax, measles and Human African trypanosomiasis, the latter two giving lymphadenopathy in lymph nodes in the neck
- toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease, gives a generalized lymphadenopathy[1]
- tumoral:
- Primary: Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, give lymphadenopathy in all or a few lymph nodes [1]
- Secondary: metastasis, Virchow's Node, Neuroblastoma
- autoimmune etiology: sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis all giving a generalized lymphadenopathy.[1]
- immunocompromised etiology: AIDS. Generalized lymphadenopathy is an early sign of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). "Lymphadenopathy syndrome" has been used to describe the first symptomatic stage of HIV progression, preceding AIDS-related complex and full-blown AIDS.[2]
Diagnosis
Patterns of Benign (Reactive) Lymphadenopathy
There are three distinct patterns of benign lymphadenopathy:
- Follicular hyperplasia. Seen in infections, autoimmune disorders, and nonspecific reactions.
- Paracortical hyperplasia. Seen in viral infections, skin diseases, and nonspecific reactions.
- Sinus histiocytosis. Seen in lymph nodes draining limbs, inflammatory lesions, and malignancies.
Bihilar lymphadenopathy
Bihilar lymphadenopathy is a radiographic term that describes the enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes. It is easily and most commonly identified by a chest x-ray. The causes can divide into the four commonest:
- Tuberculosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Lymphoma
- Other malignancies
Less common causes include:
Physical Examination
Chest X Ray
 Sarcoidosis bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, non-caseating granulomas[3] |
Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Lymphadenopathy
- A. catarrhalis
- Anthrax
- Aphthous stomatitis
- Breast Cancer
- Brucellosis
- Cat scratch fever
- Erysipelas
- German Measles
- Hemoblastosis
- Histoblastosis
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Idiopathic
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Influenza
- Listeriosis
- Leukemia
- Lymphangitis
- Lymphatic leukemia
- Mastitis
- Measles
- Metastatic tumor
- Mumps
- Pancoast tumor
- Reticulosis
- Streptococcal tonsillitis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Three-day fever
- Toxoplasmosis
- Tuberculosis
- Tularemia
- Vaccination
- Varicella
- Vincent's angina
- Waldenstrom's Syndrome
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Status and anamnesis, Anders Albinsson. Page 12
- ↑ Chris Jennings (1993). Understanding and Preventing AIDS: A Book for Everyone.
- ↑ http://picasaweb.google.com/mcmumbi/USMLEIIImages
fr:Adénopathie he:לימפדנופתיה id:Limfadenopati lt:Limfadenitas
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
