Medial pterygoid muscle
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| medial pterygoid | ||
|---|---|---|
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| The Pterygoidei; the zygomatic arch and a portion of the ramus of the mandible have been removed. (Internus is visible at center bottom.) | ||
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| The otic ganglion and its branches. (Pterygoideus internus labeled at bottom right.) | ||
| Latin | musculus pterygoideus medialis, musculus pterygoideus internus | |
| Gray's | subject #109 387 | |
| Origin: | deep head: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind the upper teeth superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity | |
| Insertion: | medial angle of the mandible | |
| Artery: | pterygoid branches of maxillary artery | |
| Nerve: | mandibular nerve via nerve to medial pterygoid | |
| Action: | elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoids in moving the jaw from side to side | |
| MeSH | Pterygoid+Muscles | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | m_22/12550302 | |
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Overview
The medial pterygoid (or internal pterygoid muscle), is a thick, quadrilateral muscle of mastication.
The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, innervates the medial pterygoid muscle.
Origin and insertion
It consists of two heads.
- The bulk of the muscle arises as a deep head from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.
- The smaller, superficial head originates from the maxillary tuberosity and the pyramidal process of the palatine bone.
Its fibers pass downward, lateral, and posterior, and are inserted, by a strong tendinous lamina, into the lower and back part of the medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible, as high as the mandibular foramen. The insertion joins the masseter muscle to form a common tendinous sling which allows the medial pterygoid and masseter to be powerful elevators of the jaw.
As stated by one Dr. Anderson of UDMSD, the medial pterygoid goes from the canoe to the rough water. (The canoe is the depression created by the medial and lateral plates of pterygoid process, and rough water is the rough attachment surface on the medial aspect of the angle of the mandible.)
Innervation
Like the lateral pterygoid, and all other muscles of mastication, the medial pterygoid is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3).
Actions
It closes the jaw and help in mastication along with lateral pterygoid in side to side movement of jaw and protrusion. It elevates the jaw, and in some aspect pulls it forward.
Also it elevates mandible.
Additional images
 Left palatine bone. Posterior aspect. Enlarged. |
 Mandible. Inner surface. Side view. |
 Plan of branches of internal maxillary artery. |
 Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion. |
 Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from the middle line. |
 Muscles of the pharynx, viewed from behind, together with the associated vessels and nerves. |
External links
- LUC mpte
- -1483079600 at GPnotebook
- Mnemonic at medicalmnemonics.com 70
- Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 25420.000-1
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
