Metabolic waste
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Overview
|
WikiDoc Resources for Metabolic waste | |
|
Articles | |
|---|---|
|
Most recent articles on Metabolic waste Most cited articles on Metabolic waste | |
|
Media | |
|
Powerpoint slides on Metabolic waste | |
|
Evidence Based Medicine | |
|
Clinical Trials | |
|
Ongoing Trials on Metabolic waste at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Metabolic waste Clinical Trials on Metabolic waste at Google
| |
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt | |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Metabolic waste NICE Guidance on Metabolic waste
| |
|
Books | |
|
News | |
|
Commentary | |
|
Definitions | |
|
Patient Resources / Community | |
|
Patient resources on Metabolic waste Discussion groups on Metabolic waste Patient Handouts on Metabolic waste Directions to Hospitals Treating Metabolic waste Risk calculators and risk factors for Metabolic waste
| |
|
Healthcare Provider Resources | |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Metabolic waste | |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) | |
|
International | |
|
| |
|
Businness | |
|
Experimental / Informatics | |
Metabolic wastes or excretes are substances left over from metabolic processes, which cannot be used by the organism (they are surplus or have lethal effect), and must therefore be excreted. This includes nitrogen compounds, water, CO2, phosphates, sulphates, indoles, medicals, food additives etc. Animals treat these compounds as excretes. Plants have chemical "machinery" which transforms some of them (primarily the nitrogen compounds) into useful substances, and it has been shown by Brian J. Ford that abscised leaves also carry wastes away from the parent plant. In this way, Ford argues that the shed leaf acts as an excretophore (= organ carrying away excretory products).
All the metabolic wastes are excreted in a form of water solutes through the excretory organs (nephridia, Malpighian tubules, kidneys), with the exception of CO2, which is excreted together with the water vapor throughout the lungs. The elimination of these compounds enables the chemical homeostasis of the organism.
Nitrogen wastes
The nitogen compounds through which the very toxic nitrogen is eliminated from the organism are ammonia, urea and uric acid. All of these substances are product from the protein metabolism.
Ammonia forms with the oxidation of amino groups (NH2), which are removed from the proteins when they convert into carbohydrates. It is a very toxic substance and only one nitrogen atom is removed with it. A lot of water is needed for the ammonia excretion. Thus, the marine organisms excrete ammonia directly in the water (aminothelic organisms), while the terrestrial (mainly amphibians and mammals) convert ammonia into urea, a process which occurs in the liver.
Urea is a less toxic compound than ammonia; two nitrogen atoms are eliminated through it and less water is needed for its excretion. Urea is a protein metabolism product at vertebrates and part of the invertebrates. These organisms are called ureothelic.
Uric acid is a protein metabolism product of terrestrial invertebrates, birds and terrestrial reptiles. This is the reason of which these animals are called uricothelic organisms. In humans and anthropoides, this acid is purine metabolism product. Uric acid is less toxic than ammonia or urea; it contains four nitrogen atoms and a small amount of water is needed for its excretion. Out of solute, it precipitates and forms crystals.
Water and carbon dioxide
These compounds form during the catabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, and in some other metabolic reactions of the amino acids.
mk:Екскрет
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
