Mycobacterium africanum
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| Mycobacterium africanum | ||||||||||||||
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| Mycobacterium africanum Castets et al. 1969, ATCC 25420 |
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Mycobacterium africanum
Epidemiology
M.africanum is most commonly found in West African countries, causing up to a quarter of cases of tuberculosis in countries such as the Gambia. It is an infection of humans only and is spread by an airbourne route from individuals with open cases of disease.
It has a similar degree of infectivity to the regular m.tuberculosis organism but is less likely to progress to clinical disease in an immunocompetent individual.
M.africanum is more likely to progress from infection to causing disease in an HIV positive patient, hence in countries where m.africanum is endemic, it represents an important opportunistic infection of the later stages of HIV disease.
Pathogenesis
It is not fully understood how the genetic differences between m.africanum and m.tuberculosis give rise to the lower pathogenicity of the former.
Treatment
M.africanum tuberculosis is treated with an identical regime to tuberculosis caused by m.tuberculosis. The overall rate of cure is similar, but as more m.africanum patients are likely to be HIV positive, they may have higher mortality from other HIV-related disease
Type Strain
ATCC 25420 = CIP 105147
References
- Skerman,V. , V. McGowan, P. Sneath. 1980. Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30, 225-420.
- Castets,M.,N. Rist,H. Boisvert. 1969. La variété africaine du bacille tuberculeux humain. Médecine d'Afrique Noire, 1969, 16, 321-322.
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
