Noma (disease)
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
| Noma (disease) Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | A69.0 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 528.1 |
| DiseasesDB | 30727 |
| MeSH | D009625 |
|
WikiDoc Resources for Noma (disease) | |
|
Articles | |
|---|---|
|
Most recent articles on Noma (disease) Most cited articles on Noma (disease) | |
|
Media | |
|
Powerpoint slides on Noma (disease) | |
|
Evidence Based Medicine | |
|
Clinical Trials | |
|
Ongoing Trials on Noma (disease) at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Noma (disease) Clinical Trials on Noma (disease) at Google
| |
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt | |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Noma (disease) NICE Guidance on Noma (disease)
| |
|
Books | |
|
News | |
|
Commentary | |
|
Definitions | |
|
Patient Resources / Community | |
|
Patient resources on Noma (disease) Discussion groups on Noma (disease) Patient Handouts on Noma (disease) Directions to Hospitals Treating Noma (disease) Risk calculators and risk factors for Noma (disease)
| |
|
Healthcare Provider Resources | |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Noma (disease) | |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) | |
|
International | |
|
| |
|
Businness | |
|
Experimental / Informatics | |
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Noma (from Greek numein: to devour) also known as cancrum oris or gangrenous stomatitis, is a gangrenous disease leading to tissue destruction of the face, especially the mouth and cheek.[1] [1]
Causes
Noma may be caused by bacteria called fusospirochetal organisms. Many children who develop the disease have had another illness such as measles, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, cancer, or immunodeficiency. Although the exact cause is not known, poor nutrition is a risk factor for the disease. It is not communicable.
History
Known in antiquity to such physicians as Hippocrates and Galen, Noma was once reported around the world, including Europe and the United States. With the improvement in hygiene and nutrition, noma has disappeared from industrialized countries since the 20th Century, except during World War II when it was endemic to Auschwitz (in the section where the Nazis interned Gypsies) and Belsen.[2]. The disease and treatments were studied by Berthold Epstein, a Czech inmate physician directed to do by Josef Mengele.
Presentation and prognosis
The mucous membranes of the mouth develop ulcers, and rapid, painless tissue degeneration ensues, which can degrade tissues of the bones in the face.[1] The disease degrades the faces of children within days.
In a condition sometimes called noma pudendi, noma can also cause tissue damage to the genitals.
The disease is associated with high morbidity and mortality (of around 80 per cent)[3] and mainly affects children under the age of twelve in the poorest countries of Africa. Children in Asia and some countries of South America are also affected. Most children who get the disease are between the ages of two and six years old.[1] The WHO estimates that 500,000 people are affected with 100,000 new cases each year.
Treatment
The disease is rarely treated since in some cultures it is considered taboo.
Despite the fact that more than 400,000 children are affected in Africa alone, there is only one noma hospital in all of Africa. Noma Children Hospital Sokoto is located in Nigeria and aside from the regular doctors, European and American medical teams travel there to perform operations. Without plastic surgery, the children's faces cannot be restored.
References
External links
Warning! Some of the websites listed below contain graphic and potentially disturbing images.
- Noma Images (HIGHLY GRAPHIC!)
- All Refer Health article on Noma
- Noma (GRAPHIC!)
- The European Noma Network
- Les Enfants du Noma(French)
- Facing Africa
- The Geneva Study Group on Noma
- The Dutch Noma Foundation
- Bertrand Piccard Winds of Hope Foundation
- International Noma Federation
- Hilfsaktion Noma
de:Noma fr:Noma (maladie) nl:Noma (ziekte) sv:Noma
WikiDoc Research Resources for Noma (disease) | |
|---|---|
| Articles on Noma (disease) | Most recent articles on Noma (disease) • Most cited articles on Noma (disease) • Review articles on Noma (disease) • Articles on Noma (disease) in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Noma (disease) | Powerpoint slides on Noma (disease) • Images of Noma (disease) • Photos of Noma (disease) • Podcasts & MP3s on Noma (disease) • Videos on Noma (disease) |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Noma (disease) | Cochrane Collaboration on Noma (disease) • Bandolier on Noma (disease) • TRIP on Noma (disease) |
| Cost Effectiveness of Noma (disease) | Cost Effectiveness of Noma (disease) |
| Clinical Trials Involving Noma (disease) | Ongoing Trials on Noma (disease) at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Noma (disease) • Clinical Trials on Noma (disease) at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Noma (disease) | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Noma (disease) • NICE Guidance on Noma (disease) • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Noma (disease) • CDC on Noma (disease) |
| Textbook Information on Noma (disease) | Books and Textbook Information on Noma (disease) |
| Pharmacology Resources on Noma (disease) | Dosing of Noma (disease) • Drug interactions with Noma (disease) • Side effects of Noma (disease) • Allergic reactions to Noma (disease) • Overdose information on Noma (disease) • Carcinogenicity information on Noma (disease) • Noma (disease) in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Noma (disease) • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Noma (disease) | Genetics of Noma (disease) • Pharmacogenomics of Noma (disease) • Proteomics of Noma (disease) |
| Newstories on Noma (disease) | Noma (disease) in the news • Be alerted to news on Noma (disease) • News trends on Noma (disease) |
| Commentary on Noma (disease) | Blogs on Noma (disease) |
| Patient Resources on Noma (disease) | Patient resources on Noma (disease) • Discussion groups on Noma (disease) • Patient Handouts on Noma (disease) • Directions to Hospitals Treating Noma (disease) • Risk calculators and risk factors for Noma (disease) |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Noma (disease) | Symptoms of Noma (disease) • Causes & Risk Factors for Noma (disease) • Diagnostic studies for Noma (disease) • Treatment of Noma (disease) |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Noma (disease) | CME Programs on Noma (disease) |
| International Resources on Noma (disease) | Noma (disease) en Espanol • Noma (disease) en Francais |
| Business Resources on Noma (disease) | Noma (disease) in the Marketplace • Patents on Noma (disease) |
| Informatics Resources on Noma (disease) | List of terms related to Noma (disease) |
| ||||
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
