Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies

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Complete list of stems for
monoclonal antibody nomenclature^[1]

Prefix	Target		Source		Suffix
variable	-o(s)-	bone	-u-	human	-mab
	-vi(r)-	viral	-o-	mouse
	-ba(c)-	bacterial	-a-	rat
	-li(m)-	immune system	-e-	hamster
	-le(s)-	infectious lesions	-i-	primate
	-ci(r)-	cardiovascular	-xi-	chimeric
	-mu(l)-	musculoskeletal	-zu-	humanized
	-ki(n)-	interleukin as target	-axo-	rat/murine hybrid
	-co(l)-	colonic tumor	-xizu-	chimeric + humanized
	-me(l)-	melanoma
	-ma(r)-	mammary tumor
	-go(t)-	testicular tumor
	-go(v)-	ovarian tumor
	-pr(o)-	prostate tumor
	-tu(m)-	miscellaneous tumor
	-neu(r)-	nervous system
	-tox(a)-	toxin as target
	-fu(ng)-	fungal

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The nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies is a naming scheme for assigning generic, or nonproprietary, names to a group of medicines called monoclonal antibodies. This scheme is used for both the World Health Organization’s International Nonproprietary Names and the United States Adopted Names.^[1][1] In general, suffixes are used to identify a class of medicines; all monoclonal antibody pharmaceuticals end with the suffix -mab. However, different infixes are used depending on the structure and function of the medicine.

Components

Infix for origin/source

The infix preceding the -mab suffix denotes the animal origin of the antibodies.^[1] Although the original monoclonal antibodies were produced in mice (infix, -o-), these antibodies are recognized as foreign by human immune systems and may be rapidly cleared, provoke an allergic reaction, or both. Therefore, parts of the antibody may be replaced with human sequences. If the constant region is replaced with the human form, it is termed chimeric and the infix used is -xi-. Part of the variable regions may also be substituted, in which case it is termed humanized and the infix used is -zu-. Antibodies originating in humans use -u-.

Infix for target

The infix preceding the source of the antibodies refers to medicine’s target. Most of these consist of a consonant, vowel, then another consonant. For ease of pronunciation and to avoid awkwardness, the final consonant is dropped if the following infix begins with a consonant (such as -zu- or -xi-). Examples of these include -ci(r)- for the circulatory system and -tu(m)- for miscellaneous tumors (cancers).^[1]

Prefix and second word

Finally, the prefix carries no special meaning and should be unique for each medicine. A second word may be added if there is another substance attached or linked.

Examples

Abciximab is a commonly used medication to prevent platelets from clumping together. It can be broken down into ab- + -ci(r)- + -xi- + -mab. Therefore, it is a chimeric monoclonal antibody used on the cardiovascular system.

Another example is the breast cancer medication trastuzumab, which can be broken down into tras- + -tu(m)- + -zu- + -mab. Therefore, it is a humanized monoclonal antibody used against a tumor.

See also

• List of monoclonal antibodies
• Monoclonal antibody therapy

References

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .