Ocular hypertension
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| Ocular hypertension Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | H40.0 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 365.04 |
| DiseasesDB | 5226 |
| eMedicine | oph/578 |
| MeSH | D009798 |
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Ocular hypertension (OHT) is intraocular pressure higher than normal in the absence of optic nerve damage or visual field loss.[1][1]
Current consensus in ophthalmology defines normal introcular pressure (IOP) as that between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg.[1][1] Elevated IOP is the most important risk factor for glaucoma, so those with ocular hypertension are frequently considered to have a greater chance of developing the condition.
Intraocular pressure can increase when a patient lies down. There is evidence that some glaucoma patients (e.g., normal tension glaucoma patients) with normal IOP while sitting or standing may have intraocular pressure that is elevated enough to cause problems when they are lying down.
Treatment
Medication
Ocular hypertension are mostly treated with pilocarpine, timolol, acetazolamide and clonidine[1]. There are also other, less commonly used, alternatives. Eye drops may initially be started either in one or in both eyes.[1]
| Medication | Mechanism | Dosage form[1] | Adverse effects[1] |
|---|---|---|---|
| pilocarpine | muscarinic agonist | eye drops | |
| timolol | β-receptor antagonist | ||
| acetazolamide | carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | systemic administration |
|
| clonidine | α2-receptor agonist | eye drops | |
| ecothiopate | cholinesterase inhibitor | eye drops | |
| carteolol | β-receptor antagonist | eye drops | |
| dorzolamide | carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | eye drops |
|
| apraclonidine | α-2 agonist | eye drops | |
| latanoprost | prostaglandin analogue |
References
External links
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
