Organismic theory
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Organismic theories in psychology are a family of holistic psychological theories which tend to stress the organization, unity, and integration of human beings expressed through each individual's inherent growth or developmental tendency. The idea of an explicitly "organismic theory" dates at least back to the publication of Kurt Goldstein's The organism: A holistic approach to biology derived from pathological data in man in 1934. Organismic theories and the "organic" metaphor were inspired by organicist approaches in biology. The most direct influence from inside psychology comes from gestalt psychology. This approach is often contrasted with mechanistic and reductionist perspectives in psychology.
Examples of Organismic Theories and Theorists
- Kurt Goldstein's Organismic theory[1]
- Ludwig von Bertalanffy's organismic psychology within his General systems theory
- Egon Brunswik
- Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development
- Heinz Werner's orthogenic principle
- Andras Angyal's theory of personality
- Abraham Maslow's Holistic-dynamic theory
- Carl Rogers' Person-centered approach
- Fritz Perls and Laura Perls's Gestalt Therapy
- Ed Deci and Richard Ryan's Self-determination theory[1]
References
- Bertalanffy, Ludwig von. 1968. Organismic Psychology and Systems Theory. Worchester: Clark University Press.
- Brunswik, Egon. (1943) Organismic Achievement and Environmental Probability. Psychological Review, 50, 255-272.
- Hall, Calvin & Lindzey, Gardner. (1970). Theories of Personality. (Second Edition)
- Maslow, Abraham. Motivation and Personality (1st ed.: 1954, 2nd ed.: 1970)
- Perls, F., Hefferline, R., & Goodman, P. (1951). Gestalt Therapy: Excitement and Growth in the Human Personality.
- Rogers, Carl. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, implications and theory. London: Constable. ISBN 1-84119-840-4.
- Werner, H. (1957). The concept of development from a comparative and organismic point of view. In D. Harris (Ed.), The concept of development. Minneapolis, Minn: University of Minnesota Press
See Also
- Organicism
- Humanistic Psychology
- James Mark Baldwin
- John Dewey
- Arnold Gesell
- Gordon Allport
- Alfred Adler
- Carl Jung
- Ego psychology
- Gestalt psychology
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