Orlistat drug interactions
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884
List of drug interactions
Alcohol
Cyclosporine
Digoxin
Fat-soluble Vitamin Supplements and Analogues
Glyburide
Nifedipine (extended-release tablets)
Oral Contraceptives
Phenytoin
Pravastatin
Warfarin
Alcohol
In a multiple-dose study in 30 normal-weight subjects, coadministration of XENICAL and 40 grams of alcohol (eg, approximately 3 glasses of wine) did not result in alteration of alcohol pharmacokinetics, orlistat pharmacodynamics (fecal fat excretion), or systemic exposure to orlistat. Return to top
Cyclosporine
Preliminary data from a XENICAL and cyclosporine drug interaction study indicate a reduction in cyclosporine plasma levels when XENICAL was coadministered with cyclosporine. Return to top
Digoxin
In 12 normal-weight subjects receiving XENICAL 120 mg three times a day for 6 days, XENICAL did not alter the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of digoxin. Return to top
Fat-soluble Vitamin Supplements and Analogues
A pharmacokinetic interaction study showed a 30% reduction in beta-carotene supplement absorption when concomitantly administered with XENICAL. XENICAL inhibited absorption of a vitamin E acetate supplement by approximately 60%. The effect of orlistat on the absorption of supplemental vitamin D, vitamin A, and nutritionallyderived vitamin K is not known at this time. Return to top
Glyburide
In 12 normal-weight subjects receiving orlistat 80 mg three times a day for 5 days, orlistat did not alter the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics (blood glucoselowering) of glyburide. Return to top
Nifedipine (extended-release tablets)
In 17 normal-weight subjects receiving XENICAL 120 mg three times a day for 6 days, XENICAL did not alter the bioavailability of nifedipine (extended-release tablets). Return to top
Oral Contraceptives
In 20 normal-weight female subjects, the treatment of XENICAL 120 mg three times a day for 23 days resulted in no changes in the ovulation-suppressing action of oral contraceptives. Return to top
Phenytoin
In 12 normal-weight subjects receiving XENICAL 120 mg three times a day for 7 days, XENICAL did not alter the pharmacokinetics of a single 300- mg dose of phenytoin. Return to top
Pravastatin
In a 2-way crossover study of 24 normal-weight, mildly hypercholesterolemic patients receiving XENICAL 120 mg three times a day for 6 days, XENICAL did not affect the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin. Return to top
Warfarin
In 12 normal-weight subjects, administration of XENICAL 120 mg three times a day for
16 days did not result in any change in either warfarin pharmacokinetics (both R- and Senantiomers)
or pharmacodynamics (prothrombin time and serum Factor VII). Although
undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a marker of vitamin K nutritional status, was unaltered
with XENICAL administration, vitamin K levels tended to decline in subjects taking
XENICAL. Therefore, as vitamin K absorption may be decreased with XENICAL,
patients on chronic stable doses of warfarin who are prescribed XENICAL should be
monitored closely for changes in coagulation parameters. Return to top
Complete Drug Interactions of Orlistat
Major Interactions
- Cyclosporine
- Gengraf
- Neoral
- [[Sandimmune
Moderate Interactions
Minor Interactions
- 1000 BC
- A-25
- A/Fish Oil
- ABC Plus Senior
- ABC to Z
- Abidec
- Adeflor M
- ADEKs
- AllanTex
- Allbee with C
- Allbee-C
- Allbee-C 800
- Allbee-C 800 with Iron
- Alpha E
- alpha tocopherol
- Ami-Natal Plus One Improved
- Aminatal Plus
- Aminatal Plus New Formula
- Aminatal Plus One
- Aminate
- Aminate with 90 mg Iron
- Amino-Opti-E
- amiodarone
- Anemagen
- Anemagen FA
- Anemagen OB
- Animal Shape Vitamins
- Animi-3
- Antioxid Caplets
- Antioxidant Formula
- Antioxidant Ultra Formula
- Apatate
- Apatate Forte
- Apetimar with Iron
- Aqua-E
- AquADEKs
- AquADEKs Pediatric
- Aquamephyton
- Aquasol A
- Aquasol E
- Aquavite-E
- Avail Calcium Intensive
- B 100 Complex
- B Complex 100
- B Complex 50
- B-50 Complex
- B-Complex 50
- B-Complex with B-12
- B-Ject 100
- B-Plex
- B-Plex Plus
- B-Plex Plus Minerals
- B-Scorbic
- B-Stress
- Baby Vitamin Drop
- Bacmin
- Balanced B-100
- Balanced B-150
- Balanced B-50
- Becomax Rx
- Becomject-100
- Bee with C
- Bee-Comp with C
- Bee-Zee
- Beelith
- Beminal
- Beminal with C Fortis
- Beminal-500
- Berocca
- Berocca Plus
- Berplex Plus
- Betamed
- Biotin Forte
- Biotin Forte with Zinc
- Bounty Bear Vitamins
- Bright Beginnings
- Bugs Bunny Complete
- Bugs Bunny Multiple Vitamins
- Bugs Bunny with Extra C
- Bugs Bunny with Iron Chewable
- Cal-Nate
- Calafol Rx
- Calcet Plus
- calcifediol
- Calciferol
- CalciFol
- CalciFolic-D
- Calcijex
- calcitriol
- Calderol
- Caltrate 600 Plus
- Caltrate Plus
- Cardiotek
- Cardiotek Rx
- Cardiotek-Rx
- CareNatal DHA
- Caromega
- Cefol
- Cenogen Ultra
- Centavite
- Central
- Central-Vite
- Centrum
- Centrum 8400
- Centrum Cardio
- Centrum Jr
- Centrum Jr with Extra C
- Centrum Jr with Extra Calcium
- Centrum Kids Complete Dora the Explorer
- Centrum Kids Complete SpongeBob SquarePants
- Centrum Kids Complete Variety
- Centrum Performance
- Centrum Silver
- Centrum Singles
- Centrum Singles-Vitamin E
- Century
- Century-Vite
- Cerefolin
- Cerefolin NAC
- Cernevit
- Cernevit-12
- Cerovite Advanced Formula
- Cerovite Junior
- Cerovite Liquid
- Cerovite Senior
- Certa-Vite
- Certa-Vite Senior Plus Lutein
- Certagen
- Certagen Senior
- Certagen Senior with Lutein
- Certavite
- CertaVite with Lutein
- Cezin-S
- CF Vite
- Chewable-Vite
- Childrens Chewable Multivitamins
- cholecalciferol
- Cholidase
- Cholinoid
- Chromagen
- Chromagen (obsolete)
- Chromagen FA
- Chromagen FA (obsolete)
- Chromagen Forte
- Chromagen Forte (obsolete)
- Chromagen OB
- Chromatinic
- Circavite T
- Citracal Plus with Magnesium
- Citracal Prenatal + DHA
- Citracal Prenatal 90+DHA
- Citracal Prenatal Rx
- CitraNatal 90 DHA
- CitraNatal DHA
- CitraNatal Rx
- Clusimar
- Cod Liver Oil
- Cod Liver Oil Mint
- Combgen
- Compete
- Complete A-Z
- Conison
- Contrin
- Cordarone
- Cordarone I.V.
- Corvite
- Corvite 150
- Corvite Free
- Cota-B-Plex
- D 1000 IU
- D-400iu
- D3-5
- D3-50
- Daflon
- Daily Combo
- Daily Multi-Vitamins with Minerals
- Daily Multiple Vitamins
- Daily Vite
- Daily-Vite Men's Formula
- Daily-Vite Weight Control
- Dayalets
- Dayalets Plus Iron
- Decagen
- Delta D3
- DermaVite
- DexFol
- DHT
- DHT Intensol
- Dialyvite
- Dialyvite 3000
- Dialyvite 800
- Dialyvite 800 with Zinc
- Dialyvite Rx
- Dialyvite with Zinc Rx
- Diatx
- Diatx Fe
- Diatx Zn
- Diavite Plus
- dihydrotachysterol
- Disney Winnie the Pooh Complete
- Disney Winnie the Pooh Gummies
- Disney Winnie the Pooh with Extra C
- Dolomite
- doxercalciferol
- Drisdol
- Dualvit OB
- Duet
- Duet Chewable
- Duet DHA
- Duet DHA EC
- E Pherol
- E-400 Clear
- Ecee Plus
- Eldercaps
- Eldertonic
- Elemental Iron-90
- Ellis Tonic Sherry
- elon Matrix 5000 Complete
- Embrex 600
- Encora
- Equaline One Daily Essential
- Equi-Natal Care
- Equi-Natal M
- Equi-Natal Plus
- Equi-Natal Rx
- Equi-Natal Z
- Equi-Roca Plus
- Equicyte Plus
- Equinatal 90
- ergocalciferol
- Essential Balance
- Essentiale
- FaBB
- Farbee with C
- FE C Tab Plus
- Fe-Tinic 150 Forte
- Fem-Natal
- Femiron Multi with Iron
- Femnatal
- Femtabs
- Feocyte
- Feogen
- Ferbee
- Fero-Folic 500
- Ferocon
- Ferotrinsic
- Ferragen
- Ferralet 90
- Ferrex PC Forte
- Ferrex-150 Forte
- Ferrogels Forte
- Fetrin
- Fletanol
- Flintstones Complete
- Flintstones Multivitamins
- Flintstones with C Multivitamins
- Flintstones with Calcium
- Flintstones with Iron Chewable
- Fluorabon Basic
- Folamin
- Folbalin
- Folbalin Plus
- Folbee
- Folbee Plus
- Folbee Plus CZ
- Folbic
- Folcaps
- Foleve
- Foleve Plus
- Folgard
- Folgard OS
- Folgard RX
- Folgard Rx 2.2
- FoliTab 500
- Folmor
- Folnate
- Folnate Plus
- Folpace Rx
- Folplex
- Foltabs
- Foltabs 800
- Foltrate
- Foltrin
- Foltx
- Formula B
- Formula B Plus
- Formula Twenty-One
- Fosfree
- Fruity Chew
- Fruity Chews with Iron
- Fumatinic
- Garfield Complete Vitamins
- Garfield Vitamin with Iron
- Garfield Vitamins
- Generet-500 with Folic Acid
- Generix-T
- Geravim
- Geri-Tabs
- Geri-Tonic
- Geritol
- Geritol Complete
- Geritol Extend
- Gerivite Liquid
- Gevrabon
- Gevratonic
- Glutofac
- Glutofac-MX
- Glutofac-ZX
- Gold Age Liquid Vitamins and Minerals
- Gynovite
- Hair Booster
- Health Aid Multivitamin
- Hectorol
- Hematinic Plus
- Hematogen
- Hematogen FA
- Hematogen Forte
- Hemax
- Hemocyte Plus
- Hemocyte Plus (obsolete)
- Hemocyte-F Elixir
- Hexavitamin
- Hi-Nate 90
- High B Complex
- High Potency
- High Potency B Complex with B12 and C
- High Potency B+C
- Hytakerol
- I-L-X
- I-L-X and B12
- I-Sense
- I-Sense OccuShield
- I-Vite
- I-Vite Protect
- IBC 500
- Iberet
- Iberet Liquid
- Iberet-500
- Iberet-Folic-500
- Icaps
- ICaps AREDS
- ICaps MV
- ICaps Plus
- Icaps TR
- ICaps with Lutein and Zeaxan
- Icar C
- Icar Prenatal
- Icar-C Plus
- Icar-C Plus SR
- Icare Prenatal Rx
- Iferex 150 Forte
- Inatal Advance
- Inatal Ultra
- Infuvite
- Infuvite Pediatric
- Intrinsitinic
- Irofol
- Iromin G
- Jetepar
- Kenwood Therapeutic
- Konakion
- L-Tonic
- Lactocal-F
- Lipoflavonoid
- Lipogen
- Liponol
- Lipotriad
- Livitrinsic-F
- M-Vit
- M.V.C. SDV
- M.V.I. Adult
- M.V.I. Pediatric
- M.V.I.-12
- Mag-SR with Calcium
- Magna-C-7 Forte
- MagneBind 400 Rx
- Magonate Tablets
- Marnatal-F Plus
- Martinic
- Materna
- Maternal 90
- Maternity
- Maternity plus Beta Carotene
- Maternity Vitamin Low Iron
- Maternity-90
- Maxaron Forte
- Maxinate
- Mediplex Ultra
- Mega B
- Mens Pack
- Mephyton
- Metanx
- Mi-C-T
- Mission Prenatal
- Mission Prenatal FA
- Mission Prenatal HP
- Mission Prenatal Rx
- Mult-Ferr Folic
- Multi Vita Bets and Fluoride
- Multi Vita Bets and Fluoride and Iron
- Multi Vits with Beta Carotene
- Multi-betic
- Multi-Day Plus Minerals
- Multi-Day with Calcium and Extra Iron
- Multi-Delyn
- Multi-Delyn with Iron
- Multibret Folic 500
- Multifol
- Multifol Plus
- Multilex
- Multilex-T/M+Minerals
- Multiret Folic 500
- multivitamin
- multivitamin with fluoride
- multivitamin with iron
- multivitamin with iron and fluoride
- multivitamin with minerals
- multivitamin
- prenatal
- My-A-Multi
- Myadec
- Myferon 150 Forte
- MyKidz Iron
- MyKidz Iron FL
- Mynatal
- Mynatal FC
- Mynatal Plus
- Mynatal PN
- Mynatal PN Forte
- Mynatal Rx
- Mynatal Ultracap
- Mynatal Z
- Mynate 90 Plus
- Myvitalife
- Natacaps
- Natachew
- Natafolic-OB
- Natafolic-PN
- Natafort
- NatalCare
- NatalCare Advanced
- NatalCare Advanced-RF
- NatalCare CFE 60
- Natalcare Pic
- Natalcare Pic Forte
- Natalcare Plus
- Natalcare Rx
- NatalCare Three
- Natalcare(obsolete)
- Natalfirst
- Natalins
- Natalins Rx
- Natarex
- Natatab CFe
- Natatab FA
- Natatab Rx
- Natelle
- Natelle C
- Natelle Plus with DHA
- Natelle Prefer
- Natelle-ez
- Neevo
- Neo-Forte
- Nephplex Rx
- Nephro-Vite
- Nephro-Vite Rx
- Nephro-Vite with Fe
- Nephrocaps
- Nephrolan Rx
- Nephron-FA
- Nephronex
- Nestabs
- Nestabs CBF
- Nestabs FA
- Nestabs Rx
- Neurobion
- Neurodep
- Neuroforte-Six
- New Advanced Formula Prenatal Z
- NIC 750
- Nicomide
- Niferex Gold
- Niferex PN Forte
- Niferex(obsolete)
- Niferex-150 (obsolete)
- Niferex-150 Forte
- Niferex-150 Forte (obsolete)
- Niferex-PN
- Norlac RX
- Novanatal
- NovaStart
- Novastart (obsolete)
- Nu-Iron Plus
- Nu-Iron V
- NuFol
- Nutr-E-Sol
- NutriNate
- Nutrispire
- O-CAL F.A.
- O-Cal Prenatal
- O-Cal-FA
- OB Complete
- OB Complete with DHA
- Ob-20
- Obegyn
- Obnate 90
- Obtrex
- Occuplex
- Ocuvite
- Ocuvite Extra
- Ocuvite Lutein
- Ocuvite PreserVision
- Oncovite
- One Daily with Minerals
- One Tab Daily
- One Tab Daily with Iron
- One Tab Daily with Minerals
- One-A-Day 50+
- One-A-Day Essentials
- One-A-Day Max
- One-A-Day Men 50 Plus
- One-A-Day Men's Health Formula
- One-A-Day WeightSmart
- One-A-Day Women
- One-A-Day Women 50 Plus
- Opti-Gen
- Optilets-500
- Optilets-M-500
- OptiNate
- Optivite P.M.T.
- Os-Cal Forte
- Os-Cal Ultra
- Ostiva
- Pacerone
- Pan OB Forte
- Par-F
- phytonadione
- PMS Balance
- Poly Iron Forte
- Poly Vit Drops
- Poly Vitamin with Fluoride
- Poly Vitamin with Fluoride with Iron
- Poly-Vi-Flor
- Poly-Vi-Flor with Iron
- Poly-Vi-Sol
- Poly-Vi-Sol Chewable
- Poly-Vi-Sol Drops
- Poly-Vi-Sol with Iron
- Poly-Vi-Sol with Iron Drops
- Poly-Vit Chew
- Pramilet FA
- Pre-H-Cal
- Precare
- Precare Conceive
- Precare Premier
- PreferaOB
- Premesis Rx
- PrenaFirst
- Prenatabs CBF
- Prenatabs FA
- Prenatabs OBN
- Prenatabs Rx
- Prenatal 1 Plus 1
- Prenatal 1 Plus 1 (Low Iron)
- Prenatal 19
- Prenatal AD
- Prenatal Elite
- Prenatal H
- Prenatal Low Iron
- Prenatal MR 90
- Prenatal MR 90 Fe
- Prenatal MTR with Selenium
- prenatal multivitamin
- Prenatal Multivitamins
- Prenatal Plus
- Prenatal Plus Iron
- Prenatal Plus with 27 mg Iron
- Prenatal Plus with Beta-Carotene
- Prenatal Rx
- Prenatal Rx 1
- Prenatal S
- Prenatal Z Advanced Formula
- Prenatal-U
- Prenate 90
- Prenate Advance
- Prenate Advanced Formula
- Prenate DHA
- Prenate Elite
- Prenate GT
- Prenate Ultra
- Prenavite
- Prenavite FC
- Prenavite PC
- Prenazyme 1+1
- Preterna
- Prevital
- PrimaCare
- PrimaCare Advantage
- Primacare One
- Primaplex
- Procycle Multi Vitamin with Minerals
- Proferrin-Forte
- Promar
- Pronemia
- Prosight
- Protegra
- Protegra Cardio
- Protegra Softgel
- Re Dualvit F
- Re Dualvit Plus
- RE Fac-X
- Rena-Vite
- Rena-Vite Rx
- Renal Caps
- Renaphro
- RenaPlex
- Renatabs
- Renatabs with Iron
- Renax
- Renax 5.5
- Reocyte Plus
- Repliva 21/7
- Resource Optisource
- Rocaltrol
- Ru-Lets M 500
- Scotts Emulsion
- Select-OB
- Senetonic
- Senilezol
- Sesame St. Vitamins Complete
- Sesame St. Vitamins Plus Iron
- Sesame St. Vitamins with Extra C
- Siderol
- Sigtab
- Soluvite F
- SourceCF Chewables
- SourceCF Multivitamins with A, B, D, E & K plus Zinc
- SourceCF Pediatric Drops
- SourceCF Softgels
- SSS
- SSS Tonic
- Stress 600 with Zinc
- Stress B with C
- Stress Formula
- Stress Formula 600
- Stress Formula with Iron
- Stress Formula with Zinc
- StressTabs
- Stresstabs with Iron
- Stresstabs with Zinc
- Strongstart
- Strovite
- Strovite Advance
- Strovite Advance+D
- Strovite Forte
- Strovite Plus
- Stuart Prenatal with Beta Carotene
- Stuartnatal Plus
- Stuartnatal Plus 3
- Sunkist Child Chewable
- Sunkist Child Chewable with C
- Sunkist Child Chewable with Iron
- Super B Complex
- Super B-100 TD
- Super B-50
- Super High Vitamins and Minerals
- Super Plenamins
- Superplex-T
- Support
- Support 500
- Surbex
- Surbex Filmtab
- Surbex with C
- Surbex-750 with Iron
- Surbex-750 with Zinc
- Surbex-T
- T-Gran plus Minerals
- T-Lite
- T-Vites
- Tab-A-Vite
- Tab-A-Vite Maximum
- Tab-A-Vite WeightSlim
- Tab-A-Vite with Iron
- Tab-A-Vite Womens Formula
- Tandem DHA
- Tandem OB
- Tandem Plus
- Tender Age Vitamin ADC
- Ternamar
- Thera
- Thera Hematinic
- Thera M
- Thera-M
- Thera-Plus
- Thera-Vite M
- Theragener-H
- Theragener-M
- Theragenerix
- Theragran
- Theragran Hematinic
- Theragran-M
- Therapeutic-M
- TheraTears Nutrition
- Theravim M
- Theravite
- Therems
- Therems H
- Therems M
- Therobec
- Therobec Plus
- Thex Forte
- tocopherol
- Tolfrinic
- Topfit Vitamin B Complex
- Topfit Vitamin B Complex Forte
- Tri Vita-Bets with Fluoride
- Tri Vites with Fluoride and Iron
- Tri-Vi-Flor
- Tri-Vi-Flor with Iron
- Tri-Vi-Sol
- Tri-Vi-Sol with Iron
- Tri-Vit
- Tri-Vit Drops
- Tri-Vitamin with Fluoride
- TriCare
- Tricon
- Trihemic 600
- Trinate
- Trinsicon
- Udamin
- Udamin SP
- Ultra NatalCare
- Ultra-Natal
- Uni Kar Plus C SR
- Uni Multi with Fluoride
- Uni-Daily Plus Iron
- Uni-Fac ZX
- Uni-Thera M with Beta Carotene
- Unicap
- Unicap Capsule
- Unicap Jr.
- Unicap M
- Unicap Senior
- Unicap T
- Unicap with Iron
- Unichem Multivitamin
- Unicomplex M
- V-C Forte
- Vernate
- Vernate Advanced
- Verotin-BY
- Verotin-GR
- Vesselvite
- Vi-Daylin
- Vi-Daylin ADC
- Vi-Daylin ADC with Iron
- Vi-Daylin Chewable
- Vi-Daylin Drops
- Vi-Daylin with Iron
- Vi-Daylin with Iron Chewable
- Vi-Daylin with Iron Drops
- Vi-Daylin/F
- Vi-Daylin/F ADC
- Vi-Daylin/F ADC with Iron
- Vi-Daylin/F Plus Iron
- Vi-Stress
- Vi-Stress with Iron
- Vi-Zac
- Viactiv Calcium Flavor Glides
- Viactiv Multi-Vitamin
- Viactiv Multi-Vitamin Flavor Glides
- Viactiv Soft Calcium Chews
- Vica-Forte
- Vicap Forte
- Vicon Forte
- Vicon Plus
- Vicon-C
- Vigomar Forte
- Vigortol Liquid
- Vimar
- Vimar with Iron
- Vinatal 600
- Vinatal Forte
- Vinate 90
- Vinate Advanced (New Formula)
- Vinate AZ
- Vinate AZ Extra
- Vinate Calcium
- Vinate Good Start
- Vinate GT
- Vinate II (New Formula)
- Vinate M
- Vinate Ultra
- Viogen-C
- Vita Drop
- Vita Drops with Iron
- Vita S Forte
- Vita Zx
- Vita-Dec
- Vita-Min Rx
- Vita-Plus E Natural
- Vita-PMS
- Vita-PMS Plus
- Vita-Zinc
- Vitabee with C
- Vitacon Forte
- Vitafol
- Vitafol PN
- Vitafol-OB
- Vitafol-OB+DHA
- Vital-D
- Vitalize Plus
- Vitamax
- Vitamed Prenatal Formula
- vitamin A
- Vitamin A and D Concentrate
- Vitamin A
- D
- Vitamin B Compound Strong
- Vitamin B-100
- Vitamin B-100 T/R
- Vitamin B-50
- Vitamin C
- E
- and Rose Hips
- vitamin D
- Vitamin D
- vitamin D2
- Vitamin D3
- [[vitamin D3 (125[OH]2)]]
- [[vitamin D3 (25[OH])]]
- Vitamin Daily Liquid
- vitamin E
- vitamin K1
- Vitamins
- Vitamins for Hair
- Vitaphil
- Vitaplex
- Vitaplex Plus
- Vitelle Nestabs OTC
- Vynatal 1 Plus 1
- Vynatal F.A.
- Womens Pack
- Z-Bec
- Z-Gen
- ZE-Plus
- Zenate
- Zenate Advanced Formula
- Zenate Prenatal
- Zinc with Vitamin C
- Zincvit
- Zitamin
- Zodeac-100
- Zycose
- Zymacap
The content of this page is taken from the FDA package insert for this drug and should not be edited.
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .

