Psittacosis
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
| Psittacosis Classification and external resources | |
 | |
|---|---|
| Direct fluorescent antibody stain of a mouse brain impression smear showing C. psittaci. | |
| ICD-10 | A70. |
| ICD-9 | 073 |
|
WikiDoc Resources for Psittacosis | |
|
Articles | |
|---|---|
|
Most recent articles on Psittacosis Most cited articles on Psittacosis | |
|
Media | |
|
Powerpoint slides on Psittacosis | |
|
Evidence Based Medicine | |
|
Clinical Trials | |
|
Ongoing Trials on Psittacosis at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Psittacosis at Google
| |
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt | |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Psittacosis
| |
|
Books | |
|
News | |
|
Commentary | |
|
Definitions | |
|
Patient Resources / Community | |
|
Patient resources on Psittacosis Discussion groups on Psittacosis Patient Handouts on Psittacosis Directions to Hospitals Treating Psittacosis Risk calculators and risk factors for Psittacosis
| |
|
Healthcare Provider Resources | |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Psittacosis | |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) | |
|
International | |
|
| |
|
Businness | |
|
Experimental / Informatics | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
In medicine (pulmonology), psittacosis -- also known as parrot disease, parrot fever, and ornithosis -- is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Chlamydophila psittaci (formerly Chlamydia psittaci) and contracted not only from parrots, such as macaws, cockatiels and budgerigars, but also from pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, sea gulls and many other species of bird. The incidence of infection in canaries and finches is believed to be lower than in psittacine birds.
Symptoms
In humans, after incubation period of 5-14 days, the symptoms of the disease range from inapparent illness to systemic illness with severe pneumonia. It presents chiefly as an atypical pneumonia. In the first week of psittacosis the symtoms mimic typhoid fever: prostrating high fevers, arthralgias, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, epistaxis and leukopenia. Rose spots can appear and these are called Horder's spots. Splenomegaly is frequent toward the end of first week. Diagnosis can be suspected in case of respiratory infection associated with splenomegaly and/or epistaxis. Headache can be so severe that suggests meningitis and some nuchal rigidity is not unusual. Towards the end of first week stupor or even coma can result in severe cases.
The second week is more akin of acute bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia with continuous high fevers, cough and dyspnoea. X rays show patchy infiltrates or a diffuse whiteout of lung fields.
Bloodwork shows leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and moderately elevated liver enzymes.
Differential diagnosis must be made with typhus, typhoid and atypical pneumonia by Mycoplasma, Legionella or Q fever. Exposure history is paramout to diagnosis.
Complications in the form of endocarditis, hepatitis, myocarditis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, and neurologic complications (encephalitis) may occasionally occur. Severe pneumonia requiring intensive-care support may also occur. Fatal cases have been reported (less than 1% of cases).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves microbiological cultures from respiratory secretions of patients or serologically with a fourfold or greater increase in antibody titers against C. psittaci in blood samples combined with the probable course of the disease. Typical inclusions called Leventhal -Colle-Lillie bodies can be seen within macrophages in BAL fluid. Culture of Chlamydia psittaci is hazardous and should only be carried out in biosafety laboratories.
Epidemiology
Since 1996, fewer than 50 confirmed cases were reported in the United States each year. Many more cases may occur that are not correctly diagnosed or reported.
Bird owners, pet shop employees, and veterinarians are at risk of the infection. Some outbreaks of psittacosis in poultry processing plants have been reported.
Treatment
The infection is treated with antibiotics. Tetracyclines and chloramphenicol are the drugs of choice for treating patients with psittacosis. Most persons respond to oral therapy (100 mg of doxycycline administered twice a day , 500 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride administered four times a day) or 500 mg of chloramphenicol palmitate orally every 6 hours. For initial treatment of severely ill patients, doxycycline hyclate may be administered intravenously at a dosage of 4.4 mg/kg (2 mg/lb) body weight per day divided into two infusions per day (up to 100 mg per dose). In past years, tetracycline hydrochloride has been administered to patients intravenously (10-15 mg/kg body weight per day divided into four doses per day). Remission of symptoms usually is evident within 48-72 hours. However, relapse can occur, and treatment must continue for at least 10-14 days after fever abates. Although its in vivo efficacy has not been determined, erythromycin probably is the best alternative agent for persons for whom tetracycline is contraindicated (e.g., children aged less than 9 years and pregnant women).
Source
- The initial content for this article was adapted from sources available at http://www.cdc.gov.
External links
Avian
- http://www.birdsnways.com/articles/psittico.htm
- http://www.birdsnways.com/wisdom/ww23eiii.htm
- http://www.epah.net/birds/psittacosis-b.html
Human
WikiDoc Research Resources for Psittacosis | |
|---|---|
| Articles on Psittacosis | Most recent articles on Psittacosis • Most cited articles on Psittacosis • Review articles on Psittacosis • Articles on Psittacosis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Psittacosis | Powerpoint slides on Psittacosis • Images of Psittacosis • Photos of Psittacosis • Podcasts & MP3s on Psittacosis • Videos on Psittacosis |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Psittacosis | Cochrane Collaboration on Psittacosis • Bandolier on Psittacosis • TRIP on Psittacosis |
| Cost Effectiveness of Psittacosis | Cost Effectiveness of Psittacosis |
| Clinical Trials Involving Psittacosis | Ongoing Trials on Psittacosis at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Psittacosis • Clinical Trials on Psittacosis at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Psittacosis | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Psittacosis • NICE Guidance on Psittacosis • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Psittacosis • CDC on Psittacosis |
| Textbook Information on Psittacosis | Books and Textbook Information on Psittacosis |
| Pharmacology Resources on Psittacosis | Dosing of Psittacosis • Drug interactions with Psittacosis • Side effects of Psittacosis • Allergic reactions to Psittacosis • Overdose information on Psittacosis • Carcinogenicity information on Psittacosis • Psittacosis in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Psittacosis • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Psittacosis | Genetics of Psittacosis • Pharmacogenomics of Psittacosis • Proteomics of Psittacosis |
| Newstories on Psittacosis | Psittacosis in the news • Be alerted to news on Psittacosis • News trends on Psittacosis |
| Commentary on Psittacosis | Blogs on Psittacosis |
| Patient Resources on Psittacosis | Patient resources on Psittacosis • Discussion groups on Psittacosis • Patient Handouts on Psittacosis • Directions to Hospitals Treating Psittacosis • Risk calculators and risk factors for Psittacosis |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Psittacosis | Symptoms of Psittacosis • Causes & Risk Factors for Psittacosis • Diagnostic studies for Psittacosis • Treatment of Psittacosis |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Psittacosis | CME Programs on Psittacosis |
| International Resources on Psittacosis | Psittacosis en Espanol • Psittacosis en Francais |
| Business Resources on Psittacosis | Psittacosis in the Marketplace • Patents on Psittacosis |
| Informatics Resources on Psittacosis | List of terms related to Psittacosis |
da:Psittacosis de:Ornithose fr:ornithose hr:Psitakoza it:Psittacosi ja:オウム病 no:Papegøyesykesimple:Psittacosis fi:Papukaijakuume sv:Papegojsjuka
| ||||
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
